scholarly journals Decreased vagal activity and deviation in sympathetic activity precedes development of diabetes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da Young Lee ◽  
Mi Yeon Lee ◽  
Jung Hwan Cho ◽  
Hyemi Kwon ◽  
Eun-Jung Rhee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Lipid Level ◽  
Vagal Activity ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Diabetes Group ◽  
Hazard Ratios

<b>OBJECTIVE</b> <p>The objective of this study was to examine whether altered heart rate variability (HRV) could predict the risk of diabetes in Asians. </p> <p><b>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS</b></p> <p>A cohort study was conducted in 54,075 adults without diabetes who underwent three-minute HRV measurement during health check-ups between 2011 and 2014 at Kangbuk Samsung Hospital. We analyzed the time domain [standard deviation of the normal-to-normal interval(SDNN) and root mean square difference(RMSSD)] and the frequency domain [total(TP), normalized low-frequency(LF), and normalized high-frequency(HF) power, and LF/HF ratio]. We compared the risk of diabetes until 2017 according to tertiles of heart rate and HRV variables, with tertile 1 serving as the reference group.</p> <p><b>RESULTS</b></p> <p>During 243,758.2 person-years, 1,369 subjects were diagnosed with diabetes. Both time and frequency domain variables were lower in the diabetes group, with the exception of those with normalized LF and LF/HF ratio. In Cox analysis, as SDNN, RMSSD, and normalized HF tertiles increased, the risk of diabetes decreased [hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of tertile 3: 0.81 (0.70-0.95), 0.76 (0.65-0.90) and 0.78 (0.67-0.91), respectively], whereas the risk of diabetes increased in the case of heart rate, normalized LF, and LF/HF ratio [hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of tertile 3: 1.41 (1.21-1.65), 1.32 (1.13-1.53), and 1.31 (1.13-1.53), respectively] after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, drinking, systolic blood pressure, lipid level, c-reactive protein, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance.</p> <p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b></p> <p>Abnormal HRV, especially decreased vagal activity and deviation in sympatho-vagal imbalance to sympathetic activity, might precede incident diabetes.</p>

scholarly journals Decreased vagal activity and deviation in sympathetic activity precedes development of diabetes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da Young Lee ◽  
Mi Yeon Lee ◽  
Jung Hwan Cho ◽  
Hyemi Kwon ◽  
Eun-Jung Rhee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Lipid Level ◽  
Vagal Activity ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Diabetes Group ◽  
Hazard Ratios

<b>OBJECTIVE</b> <p>The objective of this study was to examine whether altered heart rate variability (HRV) could predict the risk of diabetes in Asians. </p> <p><b>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS</b></p> <p>A cohort study was conducted in 54,075 adults without diabetes who underwent three-minute HRV measurement during health check-ups between 2011 and 2014 at Kangbuk Samsung Hospital. We analyzed the time domain [standard deviation of the normal-to-normal interval(SDNN) and root mean square difference(RMSSD)] and the frequency domain [total(TP), normalized low-frequency(LF), and normalized high-frequency(HF) power, and LF/HF ratio]. We compared the risk of diabetes until 2017 according to tertiles of heart rate and HRV variables, with tertile 1 serving as the reference group.</p> <p><b>RESULTS</b></p> <p>During 243,758.2 person-years, 1,369 subjects were diagnosed with diabetes. Both time and frequency domain variables were lower in the diabetes group, with the exception of those with normalized LF and LF/HF ratio. In Cox analysis, as SDNN, RMSSD, and normalized HF tertiles increased, the risk of diabetes decreased [hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of tertile 3: 0.81 (0.70-0.95), 0.76 (0.65-0.90) and 0.78 (0.67-0.91), respectively], whereas the risk of diabetes increased in the case of heart rate, normalized LF, and LF/HF ratio [hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of tertile 3: 1.41 (1.21-1.65), 1.32 (1.13-1.53), and 1.31 (1.13-1.53), respectively] after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, drinking, systolic blood pressure, lipid level, c-reactive protein, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance.</p> <p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b></p> <p>Abnormal HRV, especially decreased vagal activity and deviation in sympatho-vagal imbalance to sympathetic activity, might precede incident diabetes.</p>

Effect of physical activity on cardiac autonomic function of dairy cows on commercial dairy farms

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-400
Author(s):  
Fruzsina Luca Kézér ◽  
János Tőzsér ◽  
Mikolt Bakony ◽  
Ottó Szenci ◽  
Viktor Jurkovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Interval Data ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Vagal Activity ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Baseline Values

Interbeat interval data were collected from 219 Holstein cows in 2 smaller-scale farms and 3 larger-scale farms to investigate the effects of posture (standing vs. lying), rumination (rumination vs. no rumination) and feeding on baseline values of heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) parameters reflecting vagal and sympathetic activity. A General Linear Model was used for detecting factors (parity, milking technology, herd size) having possible effects on HRV calculated for undisturbed lying posture. Basal values of cardiac parameters were also compared between larger and smaller-scale farms. Neither parity nor milking technology affected HRV parameters. Sympathetic activity increased in the order of lying, ruminating when lying, standing, ruminating when standing and feeding on both sizes of farms. Vagal activity decreased in that order in both lower- and larger-scale farms. Rumination caused an increase in HR and a decrease in vagal tone in both lower- and larger-scale farms and an increase in sympathetic activity during lying in both farm sizes. Basal vagal activity was lower in larger-scale farms compared to smaller-scale farms, while greater sympathetic activity was found in cows housed on larger-scale farms. Our findings demonstrate that reference values of HRV parameters in lactating dairy cows cannot be generally defined for Holstein cattle as they are affected by physical activity and herd size. Higher HR and sympathetic activity at rest in larger-scale farms compared to farms with lower cow population might be associated with higher levels of social stress and therefore should be considered as a potential welfare concern.

scholarly journals Migraine in children and adults born preterm: A nationwide register linkage study

Cephalalgia ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 033310242097835
Author(s):  
Sonja Strang-Karlsson ◽  
Suvi Alenius ◽  
Pieta Näsänen-Gilmore ◽  
Markku Nurhonen ◽  
Peija Haaramo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Linkage Study ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Hypertensive Disorder ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Medical Birth Register ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Extremely Preterm

Objective Being born preterm is related to adverse health effects later in life. We studied whether preterm birth predicts the risk of migraine. Methods In this nationwide register study, we linked data from six administrative registers for all 235,624 children live-born in Finland (January 1987 to September 1990) and recorded in the Finnish Medical Birth Register. n = 228,610 (97.0%) had adequate data and were included. Migraine served as primary outcome variable and was stringently defined as a diagnosis from specialised health care and/or ≥2 reimbursed purchases of triptans. We applied sex- and birth year-stratified Cox proportional hazard regression models to compute hazard ratios and confidence intervals (95% confidence intervals) for the association between preterm categories and migraine. The cohort was followed up until an average age of 25.1 years (range: 23.3–27.0). Results Among individuals born extremely preterm (23–27 completed weeks of gestation), the adjusted hazard ratios for migraine was 0.55 (0.25–1.24) when compared with the full-term reference group (39–41 weeks). The corresponding adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the other preterm categories were: Very preterm (28–31 weeks); 0.95 (0.68–1.31), moderately preterm (32–33 weeks); 0.96 (0.73–1.27), late preterm (34–36 weeks); 1.01 (0.91–1.11), early term (37–38 weeks); 0.98 (0.93–1.03), and post term (42 weeks); 0.98 (0.89–1.08). Migraine was predicted by parental migraine, lower socioeconomic position, maternal hypertensive disorder and maternal smoking during pregnancy. Conclusion We found no evidence for a higher risk of migraine among individuals born preterm.

Associations between heart rate variability, metabolic syndrome risk factors, and insulin resistance

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 734-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie I. Stuckey ◽  
Antti Kiviniemi ◽  
Dawn P. Gill ◽  
J. Kevin Shoemaker ◽  
Robert J. Petrella
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Poincaré Plot

The purpose of this study was to examine differences in heart rate variability (HRV) in metabolic syndrome (MetS) and to determine associations between HRV parameters, MetS risk factors, and insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)). Participants (n = 220; aged 23–70 years) were assessed for MetS risk factors (waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and 5-min supine HRV (time and frequency domain and nonlinear). HRV was compared between those with 3 or more (MetS+) and those with 2 or fewer MetS risk factors (MetS–). Multiple linear regression models were built for each HRV parameter to investigate associations with MetS risk factors and HOMA-IR. Data with normal distribution are presented as means ± SD and those without as median [interquartile range]. In women, standard deviation of R–R intervals 38.0 [27.0] ms, 44.5 [29.3] ms; p = 0.020), low-frequency power (5.73 ± 1.06 ln ms2, 6.13 ± 1.05 ln ms2; p = 0.022), and the standard deviation of the length of the Poincaré plot (46.8 [31.6] ms, 58.4 [29.9] ms; p = 0.014) were lower and heart rate was higher (68 [13] beats/min, 64 [12] beats/min; p = 0. 018) in MetS+ compared with MetS–, with no differences in men. Waist circumference was most commonly associated with HRV, especially frequency domain parameters. HOMA-IR was associated with heart rate. In conclusion, MetS+ women had a less favourable HRV profile than MetS– women, but there were no differences in men. HOMA-IR was associated with heart rate, not HRV.

α2-Adrenergic modulation of colonic tone during hyperventilation

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (5) ◽  
pp. G1135-G1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adil E. Bharucha ◽  
Vera Novak ◽  
Michael Camilleri ◽  
Alan R. Zinsmeister ◽  
Russell B. Hanson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Wigner Distribution ◽  
Vagal Activity ◽  
Adrenergic Agents ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Adrenergic Modulation ◽  
Descending Colon ◽  
Time Frequency Mapping

Our aims were to assess the role of adrenergic modulation in the hyperventilation-induced increase in colonic tone. Of 40 healthy volunteers, 12 received placebo (saline) and the remaining 28 received either clonidine, yohimbine, phenylephrine, or ritodrine. Time-frequency mapping of heart rate based on Wigner distribution assessed variations in parasympathetic and sympathetic activity during hyperventilation. Tone in the descending colon was recorded by a barostat balloon before, during, and after 5 min of hyperventilation. Heart rate spectral analysis suggested diminished sympathetic and vagal activity during hyperventilation and increased sympathetic and vagal activity after hyperventilation. Adrenergic agents influenced ( P = 0.01) the tonic response after, but not during, hyperventilation. Yohimbine reduced the increment in colonic tone after hyperventilation compared with saline ( P < 0.05) and clonidine ( P = 0.002); phenylephrine and ritodrine had no effects. Different mechanisms modulate the increase in colonic tone during and after hyperventilation. Yohimbine attenuates the increase in colonic tone after hyperventilation probably by enhancing inhibitory sympathetic input to the colon.

scholarly journals How to Use Heart Rate Variability: Quantification of Vagal Activity in Toddlers and Adults in Long-Term ECG

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 5959
Author(s):  
Helmut Karl Lackner ◽  
Marina Tanja Waltraud Eglmaier ◽  
Sigrid Hackl-Wimmer ◽  
Manuela Paechter ◽  
Christian Rominger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Vagal Activity ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Recording Conditions

Recent developments in noninvasive electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring with small, wearable sensors open the opportunity to record high-quality ECG over many hours in an easy and non-burdening way. However, while their recording has been tremendously simplified, the interpretation of heart rate variability (HRV) data is a more delicate matter. The aim of this paper is to supply detailed methodological discussion and new data material in order to provide a helpful notice of HRV monitoring issues depending on recording conditions and study populations. Special consideration is given to the monitoring over long periods, across periods with different levels of activity, and in adults versus children. Specifically, the paper aims at making users aware of neglected methodological limitations and at providing substantiated recommendations for the selection of appropriate HRV variables and their interpretation. To this end, 30-h HRV data of 48 healthy adults (18–40 years) and 47 healthy toddlers (16–37 months) were analyzed in detail. Time-domain, frequency-domain, and nonlinear HRV variables were calculated after strict signal preprocessing, using six different high-frequency band definitions including frequency bands dynamically adjusted for the individual respiration rate. The major conclusion of the in-depth analyses is that for most applications that implicate long-term monitoring across varying circumstances and activity levels in healthy individuals, the time-domain variables are adequate to gain an impression of an individual’s HRV and, thus, the dynamic adaptation of an organism’s behavior in response to the ever-changing demands of daily life. The sound selection and interpretation of frequency-domain variables requires considerably more consideration of physiological and mathematical principles. For those who prefer using frequency-domain variables, the paper provides detailed guidance and recommendations for the definition of appropriate frequency bands in compliance with their specific recording conditions and study populations.

Autonomic responses during acute myocardial infarction in the rat model: implications for arrhythmogenesis

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theofilos M. Kolettis ◽  
Marianthi Kontonika ◽  
Panagiotis Lekkas ◽  
Antonios P. Vlahos ◽  
Giannis G. Baltogiannis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Fluctuation Analysis ◽  
Vagal Activity ◽  
Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias ◽  
Autonomic Responses

AbstractBackgroundAutonomic responses participate in the pathophysiology of acute myocardial infarction, but their precise time course remains unclear. Here, we investigated the autonomic activity and ventricular tachyarrhythmias in conscious, unrestrained rats post-infarction.MethodsThe left coronary artery was ligated in 12 Wistar rats, and six rats were sham operated, followed by 24-h electrocardiographic recording via implanted telemetry transmitters. Sympathetic activity was assessed by detrended fluctuation analysis and vagal activity by time- and frequency-domain analysis of heart rate variability. The duration of the ventricular tachyarrhythmias was measured, and voluntary motion served as a marker of heart failure.ResultsIn sham-operated rats, heart rate and sympathetic activity remained low, whereas vagal activity rose progressively after the fourth hour. Post-ligation, medium-sized antero-septal necrosis was observed, reaching ~20% of the left ventricular volume; tachyarrhythmias were frequent, displaying a bimodal curve, and motion counts were low. Vagal activity decreased early post-ligation, coinciding with a high incidence of tachyarrhythmias, but tended to rise subsequently in rats with higher motion counts. Sympathetic activity increased after the third hour, along with a second tachyarrhythmia peak, and remained elevated throughout the 24-h period.ConclusionsVagal withdrawal, followed by gradual sympathetic activation, may participate in arrhythmogenesis during acute myocardial infarction.

scholarly journals Salusin-β in Intermediate Dorsal Motor Nucleus of the Vagus Regulates Sympathetic-Parasympathetic Balance and Blood Pressure

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1118
Author(s):  
Lu-Lu Wu ◽  
Jin-Hua Bo ◽  
Fen Zheng ◽  
Feng Zhang ◽  
Qi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Superoxide Anion ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Motor Nucleus ◽  
Vagal Activity ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Superoxide Anion Production ◽  
Dorsal Motor Nucleus ◽  
Anion Production

The dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) is known to control vagal activity. It is unknown whether the DMV regulates sympathetic activity and whether salusin-β in the DMV contributes to autonomic nervous activity. We investigated the roles of salusin-β in DMV in regulating sympathetic-parasympathetic balance and its underline mechanisms. Microinjections were carried out in the DMV and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) in male adult anesthetized rats. Renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA), blood pressure and heart rate were recorded. Immunohistochemistry for salusin-β and reactive oxidative species (ROS) production in the DMV were examined. Salusin-β was expressed in the intermediate DMV (iDMV). Salusin-β in the iDMV not only inhibited RSNA but also enhanced vagal activity and thereby reduced blood pressure and heart rate. The roles of salusin-β in causing vagal activation were mediated by NAD(P)H oxidase-dependent superoxide anion production in the iDMV. The roles of salusin-β in inhibiting RSNA were mediated by not only the NAD(P)H oxidase-originated superoxide anion production in the iDMV but also the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)A receptor activation in PVN. Moreover, endogenous salusin-β and ROS production in the iDMV play a tonic role in inhibiting RSNA. These results indicate that salusin-β in the iDMV inhibits sympathetic activity and enhances vagal activity, and thereby reduces blood pressure and heart rate, which are mediated by NAD(P)H oxidase-dependent ROS production in the iDMV. Moreover, GABAA receptor in the PVN mediates the effect of salusin-β on sympathetic inhibition. Endogenous salusin-β and ROS production in the iDMV play a tonic role in inhibiting sympathetic activity.

scholarly journals VASOMOTOR REACTIONS ON LOCAL COOLING IN YOUNG INDIVIDUALS WITH NICOTINE ADDICTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
L. I. Gerasimova-Meigal ◽  
I. A. Tabaev
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Cold Test ◽  
Nicotine Addiction ◽  
Local Cooling ◽  
Oncological Diseases

Tobacco smoking, as a harmful individual habit, aggravates the negative environmental effects on health in people living in the northern regions of Russia, by increasing the incidence of diseases of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, and oncological diseases. This study was aimed at elucidating the vasomotor reactions on local cooling in young people with nicotine addiction. Materials and methods. Twenty four practically healthy people (13 m, 11 f) aged 18-27 years were enrolled to the study. Of these, 16 subjects with initial stage of nicotine addiction formed the study group, and 8 non-smoking subjects served as a reference group. The degree of nicotine addiction was assessed with the Fagerstrom test and the smoking index. The local cold test (LCT) was used to study vasomotor reactions. The autonomous regulation was estimated by analyzing the time- and frequency-domain characteristics of heart rate variability (HRV). Results. In the group with nicotine addiction, increased cold-induced vasoconstriction was revealed from the dynamics of the hand skin temperature during LCT. Also, this group mwas characterized by decreased vagotonia seen as lower values of time- (SDNN, RMSSD, pNN50 and CV) and frequency- domain (TP, HF and LF) parameters of HRV. The functional test with deep controlled breathing revealed in this group lower reactivity of neurogenic mechanisms of heart rate control. Among subjects with higher number of cigarette consumption, HRV changes which corresponded with adaptation disorders were more notable. Conclusion. Individuals with initial degree of nicotine addiction were characterized by the impaired reactivity of the central and peripheral parts of the circulatory system what means lower health capacity of the organism. Increased vascular reactivity during LCT, as well as the impaired adaptation seen with HRV analysis, could serve as early indicators of the systemic effects of tobacco smoking.

Heart rate and muscle sympathetic nerve variability during reflex changes of autonomic activity

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (3) ◽  
pp. H713-H721 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Saul ◽  
R. F. Rea ◽  
D. L. Eckberg ◽  
R. D. Berger ◽  
R. J. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Plasma Norepinephrine ◽  
Vagal Activity ◽  
Sympathetic Outflow ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Heart Rate Fluctuations

Low-frequency (less than 0.15 Hz) fluctuations of heart rate are increased by maneuvers, such as standing or hemorrhage, that increase sympathetic outflow to the heart and vasculature. To test the hypothesis that low-frequency heart rate fluctuations provide an index of sympathetic efferent activity, we compared power spectral measures of heart rate variability with two measures of sympathetic outflow, peroneal nerve sympathetic activity and antecubital vein plasma norepinephrine concentrations. Autonomic outflow was varied with graded stepwise infusions of nitroprusside and phenylephrine, which lowered or raised average diastolic pressures by approximately 15 mmHg. Before vasoactive drug infusions, no spectral measure of heart rate variability correlated significantly with muscle sympathetic activity, plasma norepinephrine concentration, average heart rate, or arterial pressure. During increases of muscle sympathetic activity and probable reductions of cardiac vagal activity induced by nitroprusside, the fraction of heart rate spectral power at low frequencies, but not the absolute value, correlated significantly with muscle sympathetic activity and plasma norepinephrine. However, during reductions of muscle sympathetic activity and probable elevations of cardiac vagal activity induced by phenylephrine, no measure of heart rate variability correlated significantly with muscle sympathetic activity. These findings can be explained by a model of heart rate control in which low-frequency heart rate fluctuations result from changing levels of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic inputs to the sinoatrial node.

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