In Vitro Longevity of Bonding Properties of Universal Adhesives to Dentin

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Muñoz ◽  
I Luque-Martinez ◽  
P Malaquias ◽  
V Hass ◽  
A Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy Data ◽  
Universal Adhesive ◽  
Etch And Rinse ◽  
Universal Adhesives ◽  
Self Etch

SUMMARY Purpose To evaluate the immediate and 6-month resin-dentin bond strength (μTBS) and nanoleakage (NL) of universal adhesives that contain or do not contain methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate (MDP) and are used in the etch-and-rinse and self-etch strategies. Methods and Materials Forty caries-free extracted third molars were divided into eight groups for μTBS (n=5). The groups were bonded with the Clearfil SE Bond (CSE) and Adper Single Bond 2 (SB) as controls; Peak Universal, self-etch (PkSe) and etch-and rinse (PkEr); Scotchbond Universal Adhesive, self-etch (ScSe) and etch-and-rinse (ScEr); and All Bond Universal, self-etch (AlSe) and etch-and-rinse (AlEr). After composite restorations, specimens were longitudinally sectioned to obtain resin-dentin bonded sticks (0.8 mm2). The μTBS of the specimens was tested immediately (IM) or after 6 months of water storage (6M) at 0.5 mm/min. Some sticks at each storage period were immersed in silver nitrate and photo developed, and the NL was evaluated with scanning electron microscopy. Data were analyzed with two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance and Tukey test (α=0.05). Results At the IM period, PkSe and PkEr showed μTBS similar to the control adhesives (p>0.05) but increased NL pattern and lower μTBS after 6M (p<0.05). ScSe and ScEr showed intermediary μTBS values at the IM period but remained stable after 6 months (p>0.05). AlSe showed the lowest μTBS (p<0.05), but μTBS and NL remained stable after 6M (p>0.05). AlEr showed higher IM μTBS but showed higher degradation after 6M (p<0.05). Conclusions Universal adhesives that contain MDP showed higher and more stable μTBS with reduced NL at the interfaces after 6 months of water storage.

scholarly journals Does Adhesive Layer Thickness and Tag Length Influence Short/Long-Term Bond Strength of Universal Adhesive Systems? An In-Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2635
Author(s):  
Naji Kharouf ◽  
Tarek Ashi ◽  
Ammar Eid ◽  
Levi Maguina ◽  
Jihed Zghal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Adhesive Layer ◽  
Adhesive Systems ◽  
Universal Adhesive ◽  
Universal Adhesives ◽  
Self Etch ◽  
Over Time

(1) Background: This study investigated the effect of the adhesive layer thickness and the length of resin tags on dentin bond strength of five universal adhesives applied in self-etch mode. (2) Methods: One hundred and fifty extracted human third molars were used. Five different universal adhesives were applied in self-etch mode on the dentin surface. Half of the specimens were subjected to an aging procedure for six months. A shear bond strength (SBS) test was performed and the results were statistically analyzed with a t-test and one-way ANOVA test. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was executed to measure the adhesive layer thickness and tag depth. (3) Results: No statistical differences were found between the five adhesive systems after a 24 h storage period, regardless of layer thickness and tag depth (p < 0.05). After 6 months of aging in water at 37 °C, Iperbond Max and Scotchbond Universal preserved the bond strength over time (p < 0.05), whilst the SBS of Iperbond Ultra, FuturaBond M+, and Ibond Universal decreased significantly after the aging period. No relation was observed between the adhesive thickness or tags’ length on SBS. (4) Conclusions: Within the limitation of this study, the stability over time of the bond strength of universal adhesives depends on their compositions regardless of the adhesive layer thickness and/or tags’ length.

scholarly journals Influence of Conditioning Time of Universal Adhesives on Adhesive Properties and Enamel-Etching Pattern

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 481-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM Cardenas ◽  
F Siqueira ◽  
J Rocha ◽  
AL Szesz ◽  
M Anwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Degree Of Conversion ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Universal Adhesive ◽  
Etching Pattern ◽  
Etch And Rinse ◽  
Universal Adhesives ◽  
Microshear Bond Strength ◽  
Self Etch

SUMMARY Objectives: To evaluate the effect of application protocol in resin–enamel microshear bond strength (μSBS), in situ degree of conversion, and etching pattern of three universal adhesive systems. Methods and Materials: Sixty-three extracted third molars were sectioned in four parts (buccal, lingual, and proximals) and divided into nine groups, according to the combination of the main factors—Adhesive (Clearfil Universal, Kuraray Noritake Dental Inc, Tokyo, Japan; Futurabond U, VOCO, Cuxhaven, Germany; and Scotchbond Universal Adhesive, 3M ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA)—and enamel treatment/application time (etch-and-rinse mode [ER], self-etch [SE] application for 20 seconds [SE20], and SE application for 40 seconds [SE40]). Specimens were stored in water (37°C/24 h) and tested at 1.0 mm/min (μSBS). The degree of conversion of the adhesives at the resin–enamel interfaces was evaluated using micro-Raman spectroscopy. The enamel-etching pattern was evaluated under a scanning electron microscope. Data were analyzed with two-way analysis of variance and Tukey test (α=0.05). Results: In general, the application of the universal adhesives in the SE40 produced μSBS and degree of conversion that were higher than in the SE20 (p&lt;0.01) and similar to the ER mode. The deepest enamel-etching pattern was obtained in the ER mode, followed by the SE40. Conclusions: The active and prolonged application of universal adhesives in the SE mode may be a viable alternative to increase the degree of conversion, etching pattern, and resin–enamel bond strength.

scholarly journals Microshear Bond Strength of Scotchbond Universal Adhesive to Primary and Permanent Dentin: A Six-Month In Vitro Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Fallahinejad Ghajari ◽  
Amir Ghasemi ◽  
Mohammadreza Badiee ◽  
Zahra Abdolazimi ◽  
Alireza Akbarzadeh Baghban
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Universal Adhesive ◽  
Mode Of Application ◽  
Etch And Rinse ◽  
Microshear Bond Strength ◽  
Self Etch

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the microshear bond strength (MSBS) of Scotchbond Universal adhesive, used in self-etch and etch-and-rinse modes, to primary and permanent dentin at 24 hours and six months. Materials and Methods: A total of 88 composite micro-cylinders were divided into eight groups (n=11) as follows: (A) Etch-and-rinse, 24 hours, primary dentin; (B) Self-etch, 24 hours, primary dentin; (C) Etch-and-rinse, six months, primary dentin; (D) Self-etch, six months, primary dentin; (E) Etch-and-rinse, 24 hours, permanent dentin; (F) Self-etch, 24 hours, permanent dentin; (G) Etch-and-rinse, six months, permanent dentin; (H) Self-etch, six months, permanent dentin. The MSBS was measured by a testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/minute. Data were analyzed using three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: The mean MSBS was 12.3±2.3 MPa in A, 18.8±4.1 MPa in B, 11.9±3.7 MPa in C, 16±2.9 MPa in D, 19.1±2.7 MPa in E, 22.8±4.1 MPa in F, 16.2±2.6 MPa in G, and 17.2±4.4 MPa in H. In the self-etch mode, the MSBS was significantly higher than that in the etch-and-rinse mode (P<0.001). The MSBS in permanent teeth was significantly higher than primary teeth (P<0.001). At six months, the MSBS significantly decreased in all groups (P<0.001). Conclusion: The micro-shear bond strength of Scotchbond Universal adhesive decreases over time and depends on the type of tooth and the mode of application of the adhesive.

scholarly journals Durability of bond strength to dentin using two universal adhesives in different etching modes

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amany A. Salem ◽  
Mohamed S. Nassif ◽  
Dalia I. El-Korashy
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Shear Mode ◽  
Etch And Rinse ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Universal Adhesives ◽  
Microshear Bond Strength ◽  
Self Etch ◽  
Scanning Electron

Aim. To evaluate the bond durability of two universal adhesives; mild and ultra-mild in both etch-and-rinse and self-etch modes after simulated in-vitro degradation by long-term water storage or thermocycling. Methods. A total of 144 specimens were used in this study; 120 specimens (prepared from 30 teeth) for microshear bond strength testing and fracture mode assessment, and 24 specimens for scanning electron microscopic evaluation (prepared from 24 teeth). Specimens were prepared from 54 recently extracted caries free third molars and randomly divided into 12 groups, according to the adhesive treatment (All Bond or Scotchbond Universal), etching mode (etch-andrinse or self-etch) and aging method (thermocycling or water storage). Each tooth was sectioned mesio-distally into two halves exposing free dentin surface for bonding where dentin substrate 1 mm below the dentino-enamel junction was used. After adhesive application and composite build up, specimens were tested in shear mode after storing in distilled water at 37˚C for 24 hours or 1 year, or after being thermocycled between 5 and 55 °C for 10,000 cycles (n=10). Microshear bond strength (μSBS) was tested using a universal testing machine. Adhesive-dentin interface was examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM) (n=2). Data were analyzed using 3 way AN0VA and pairwise comparisons was performed using Bonferroni correction at significance level of α ≤0.05. Results. Statistical analysis revealed non-significant difference for etching mode in both adhesives (p=0.596). After aging, the bond strength was only reduced in Scotchbond Universal after one year of water storage in both modes (p<0.001). SEM evaluation revealed intact hybrid layer and longer resin tags for etch-and-rinse mode than selfetch mode of both adhesives. Conclusion. The bond strength of universal adhesives is not affected by the etching mode, however its durability was shown to be material dependent.

Influence of Application Time on Dentin Bond Performance in Different Etching Modes of Universal Adhesives

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Saito ◽  
T Takamizawa ◽  
R Ishii ◽  
A Tsujimoto ◽  
E Hirokane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Application Time ◽  
Universal Adhesive ◽  
Bond Performance ◽  
Etch And Rinse ◽  
Air Blowing ◽  
Universal Adhesives ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Adhesive Application ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Self Etch

SUMMARY We attempted to determine the effect of universal adhesive application time on dentin bond performance in different etching modes based on shear bond strength (SBS) tests and surface free energy (SFE) measurements. The five universal adhesives used were Adhese Universal (AU), Clearfil Universal Bond Quick (CQ), G-Premio Bond (GP), Scotchbond Universal (SU), and Tokuyama Universal Bond (TU). Bovine dentin specimens were divided into four groups of 10 for each adhesive. SBS and SFE were determined after applying the following surface treatments: 1) self-etch (SE) mode with immediate air blowing after adhesive application (IA treatment), 2) SE mode with prolonged application time (PA treatment), 3) etch-and-rinse (ER) mode with IA treatment, and 4) ER mode with PA treatment. Bonded specimens were subjected to SBS testing. The SFE of adhesive-treated dentin surfaces was measured after rinsing with acetone and water. Three-way analysis of variance revealed that dentin SBS values (p&lt;0.001) were significantly influenced by the factors of adhesive type and application duration, but the factor of pre-etching was not significant (p=0.985). The manufacturer's instructions require longer application times for AU and SU, which showed significantly lower SBS values in IA than in PA treatment in both etching modes. However, the difference in the other adhesives was not significant between the IA and PA treatments in either etching mode. The total SFE (γS) was dependent on the adhesive and etching mode. The γS value of the initial group (SiC paper ground group) at baseline was 69.5 (mN·m−1) and that of the pre-etching group at baseline was 30.6 (mN·m−1). For all the adhesives, γS in SE mode showed significantly higher values than in ER mode, regardless of the application time. In SE mode, almost all universal adhesives tested showed lower γS values in PA treatment than in IA treatment. For ER mode, all the adhesives showed significantly higher γS values than those of the pre-etching baseline, regardless of the application time. Most adhesives did not show any significant differences in γS values between IA and PA treatments, regardless of etching mode.

Three-Year Effects of Deproteinization on the In Vitro Durability of Resin/Dentin-Eroded Interfaces

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
FSF Siqueira ◽  
AFM Cardenas ◽  
GM Gomes ◽  
AC Chibinski ◽  
OMM Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Silver Nitrate Solution ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Dentin Surface ◽  
Etch And Rinse ◽  
Bonding Properties ◽  
Self Etch ◽  
Scanning Electron

SUMMARY Objective: To evaluate the effect of sodium hypochlorite on the immediate and three-year bonding properties of a resin-eroded dentin interface produced by one of two adhesive strategies. Methods and Materials: Forty-eight molars were randomly assigned to six experimental groups, according to the combination of the adhesive strategy (etch-and-rinse and self-etch) and the dentin surface (control groups without erosion, eroded dentin surface [ED], and eroded dentin surface + NaOCl 5.2% [ED + NaOCl]). After completing restoration, specimens were stored in water (37°C) for 24 hours and then sectioned into resin–dentin beams (0.8 mm2) to be tested under tension (0.5 mm/min) immediately thereafter or after three years of water storage. To assess nanoleakage (NL), specimens were immersed in silver nitrate solution and examined by scanning electron microscopy at both time points. The dentin-etching pattern was examined under a scanning electron microscope. Data were subjected to appropriate statistical analysis (α=0.05) Results: In both strategies, a more pronounced and significant reduction of the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) values was observed for the ED groups (p=0.0001) after three years. However, in the ED + NaOCl group, μTBS values were maintained after three years of water storage. Furthermore, application of NaOCl to eroded dentin significantly reduced the immediate NL values and also preserved these values after three years of water storage for both adhesive strategies (p&gt;0.05). When considering the ED group, a superficial removal of the smear layer and enlarged lumen tubules in comparison to control were present. However, for ED + NaOCl, there was a total removal of the smear layer and significant numbers of collagen fibrils were exposed. Conclusion: The use of NaOCl may maintain the long-term stability of a resin-eroded dentin interface formed by etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesives.

scholarly journals One-year Adhesive Bond Durability to Coronal and Radicular Dentin Under Intrapulpal Pressure Simulation

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 540-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
HA El-Deeb ◽  
O Badran ◽  
EH Mobarak
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Modes Of Failure ◽  
Etch And Rinse ◽  
One Year ◽  
Self Etch

SUMMARY Objective To evaluate the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of different adhesives to coronal vs radicular dentin after one year of storage in artificial saliva and under intrapulpal pressure (IPP) simulation. Methods and Materials Roots of 36 freshly extracted premolars were sectioned 5 mm apical to the cemento-enamel junction and pulp tissue was removed. Buccal enamel and cementum were trimmed to obtain standardized flat dentin surfaces. Specimens were divided into three groups (n=12/group) according to the adhesive strategies utilized: a two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive; a two-step self-etch adhesive; and a single-step self-etch adhesive. Adhesives and resin composite were applied to coronal and radicular dentin while the specimens were subjected to IPP simulation. After curing, specimens were stored in artificial saliva at 37°C in a specially constructed incubator while the IPP was maintained for either 24 hours or one year prior to testing. Bonded specimens were sectioned into sticks with a cross section of 0.8 ± 0.01 mm2 and subjected to μTBS testing. Data were statistically analyzed using multi-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures; one-way ANOVA tests; and Bonferroni post hoc test (p&lt;0.05). Failure modes were determined using a scanning electron microscope at 100× magnification. Results ANOVA results revealed a statistically significant effect for the adhesive strategy (p&lt;0.001) and storage period (p&lt;0.001) as well as for their interaction (p=0.024) on the μTBS. However, dentin substrate and its interactions revealed no significant effects. For both dentin substrates, the two-step self-etch adhesive revealed statistically significantly higher μTBS values than did the other two adhesives after 24 hours and one year of storage. After one-year storage, a significant decrease in bond strength values of all tested adhesives occurred with both dentin substrates. Modes of failure were mainly adhesive and mixed. Conclusions Adhesives were not sensitive to structural differences between coronal and radicular dentin even after one year of storage under IPP simulation. However, all tested adhesive systems strategies were sensitive to storage.

Shear Bond Strength of Different MDP-Containing Adhesive Systems on Enamel and Dentin from Primary Teeth

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-192
Author(s):  
Min Jin Kim ◽  
Joonhee Kim ◽  
Ji-Soo Song ◽  
Shin Hye Chung ◽  
Hong-Keun Hyun
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Primary Molars ◽  
Single Bond ◽  
Adhesive Systems ◽  
Universal Adhesive ◽  
Etch And Rinse ◽  
Universal Adhesives ◽  
Self Etch

Objective: To compare the shear bond strength (SBS) after thermocycling of four universal adhesives applied in self-etch mode on dentin and etch-and-rinse mode on enamel. Study design: Flat 144 buccal or lingual dentin and enamel surfaces from 72 non-carious primary molars were prepared. Samples were segregated into 12 groups (n=12): Adper Single Bond 2 etch-and-rinse (SB_T) and Clearfil SE Bond self-etch (SE_S) applied to enamel and dentin served as controls. Scotch Bond Universal Adhesive (SBU), Clearfil S3 Bond Universal Adhesive (SEU), Tetric N-Bond Universal Adhesive (TEN), and All Bond Universal (BIS) were applied in etch-and-rinse mode to enamel and in self-etch mode to dentin. They were thermocycled for 5000 cycles. SBS testing and the evaluation of fracture mode were performed. Results: SB_T showed statistically higher SBS than other adhesive groups using etch-and-rinse mode on enamel. SE_S and BIS had statistically higher SBS than other adhesive groups using self-etch mode on dentin. Mixed failure was the most common failure mode in each group. Conclusion: The universal adhesives did not show higher SBS than SB_T when using etch-and-rinse on enamel. All universal adhesives showed higher SBS than SB_T and had SBS similar to SE_S, except SBU when using self-etch mode on dentin.

Degradation of Multimode Adhesive System Bond Strength to Artificial Caries-Affected Dentin Due to Water Storage

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. E92-E101 ◽  
Author(s):  
AC Follak ◽  
LL Miotti ◽  
TL Lenzi ◽  
RO Rocha ◽  
FZM Soares
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Adhesive System ◽  
Adhesive Systems ◽  
Universal Adhesive ◽  
Etch And Rinse ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Microtensile Test ◽  
Post Hoc

SUMMARY The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of water storage on bond strength of multimode adhesive systems to artificially induced caries-affected dentin. One hundred twelve sound bovine incisors were randomly assigned to 16 groups (n=7) according to the dentin condition (sound; SND, artificially induced caries-affected dentin; CAD, cariogenic challenge by pH cycling for 14 days); the adhesive system (SU, Scotchbond Universal Adhesive; AB, All-Bond Universal; PB, Prime & Bond Elect; SB, Adper Single Bond 2; and CS, Clearfil SE Bond), and the etching strategy (etch-and-rinse and self-etch). All adhesive systems were applied under manufacturer's instructions to flat dentin surfaces, and a composite block was built up on each dentin surface. After 24 hours of water storage, the specimens were sectioned into stick-shaped specimens (0.8 mm2) and submitted to a microtensile test immediately (24 hours) or after six months of water storage. Bond strength data (MPa) were analyzed using three-way repeated-measures analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey test (α=5%), considering each substrate separately (SND and CAD). The etching strategy did not influence the bond strength of multimode adhesives, irrespective of the dentin condition. Water storage only reduced significantly the bond strength to CAD. The degradation of bond strength due to water storage was more pronounced in CAD, regardless of the etching strategy.

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