Effect of Material Properties on Tire Performance Characteristics—Part I. Tire Cords

1987 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Futamura
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Automobile Tire ◽  
High Severity ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Polyester Cord

Abstract The effect of modulus of tire cords in stabilizer and body plies on the performance of a radial automobile tire is discussed. Cord modulus was varied systematically by using polyester, rayon, and aramid materials. High speed, endurance, and plunger energy were not effected. Rolling resistance was higher with aramid cord than with polyester cord in the body ply, but there was no effect of cord material in stabilizer plies. Increase of cord modulus in the stabilizer ply, however, did produce significantly higher cornering coefficient. Wear resistance was also higher, especially under high severity test conditions.

A New Tire Construction Which Reduces Ply Steer

1991 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kabe ◽  
T. Morikawa
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Circumferential Direction ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Radial Tire ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Contact Response

Abstract Currently, the main tire construction is the radial construction. The radial construction consists of a carcass layer with cords parallel to the tire cross section and a belt layer which surrounds the tire in the circumferential direction and stiffens the tread band. The radial construction has better performance characteristics than the bias construction. It has higher durability, better wear resistance of the tread, lower rolling resistance, and better performance at high speed because of the stable contact response developed by the belt ply. On the other hand, the belt construction of the radial tire causes ply steer. This ply steer is also a cause of steering pull and uneven tread wear. This paper describes a new tire construction which enables the reduction of ply steer. The new construction features the carcass cord having some angle with respect to the tire cross section and also with respect to the cord of the adjacent belt ply. It is shown that the new tire construction can significantly reduce ply steer through variation of the carcass cord angle.

Effects of Electrolyte Plasma Carbonitriding on Tribological Properties of High Speed Steel

2013 ◽  
Vol 712-715 ◽  
pp. 7-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mazhyn Skakov ◽  
Bauyrzhan Rakhadilov ◽  
Michael Sсheffler
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Tribological Properties ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Scratch Test ◽  
Abrasive Wear Resistance ◽  
R6m5 Steel ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Modified Layer

This paper presents research of influence electrolyte plasma carbonitriding on tribological properties of R6M5 high-speed steel. Shows perspectiveness of carbonitriding high-speed steels in electrolyte plasma. The results of research demonstrated increasing wear-resistance of R6M5 steel after carbonitriding in electrolyte plasma. Under the same test conditions by the method of scratch-test have been determined that the depth of the scar of a modified layer has become less in comparison with the original sample, which indicates a significant increase of wear-resistance and hardness of the surface carbonitriding layer R6М5 steel. It was set that after electrolytic-plasma carbonitriding abrasive wear-resistance of the surface layers of R6M5 steel is increased by 25%. Introduction

Effect of Material Properties on Tire Performance Characteristics — Part II, Tread Material

1990 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Futamura
Keyword(s):  
Energy Loss ◽  
Dynamic Property ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Maximum Correlation ◽  
Deformation Index

Abstract This report, on the effect of tread materials on tire performance, continues the study in Part I [1] on the analogous effects of cords. A new “deformation index” concept for the characterizing energy loss is proposed. Principles are developed for maximum correlation of this index to rolling resistance, wet and dry traction, ice traction, and cornering force. The deformation index is used to determine the dynamic property most relevant to each of these tire functions.

Analysis and Computation of Energy Loss in Radial Tires

1984 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Chakko
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
Analytical Model ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Simple Analytical Model ◽  
Automobile Tire ◽  
Parametric Studies

Abstract A comprehensive but simple analytical model for predicting the energy loss in radial tires is presented. Using approximate structural analysis, the model relates the basic material properties and construction variables of the tire to its energy loss or rolling resistance. The formulas developed were computer-programmed, and the tire rolling resistance and its distribution among the components of a typical radial automobile tire were computed. The significant contributions to rolling resistance were from tread compression, carcass cord extension and bending, and sidewall rubber bending. Parametric studies using the computer program were carried out to obtain the trends in rolling resistance due to changes in several tire material properties and construction variables. The computations also showed the existence of locally optimum values for the tread modulus, carcass cord modulus, and carcass cord end count which minimize the tire rolling resistance.

Formation of Standing Waves in Radial Tires

1984 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. D. Kwon ◽  
D. C. Prevorsek
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Critical Speed ◽  
Unit Length ◽  
Standing Waves ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Damping Coefficient ◽  
Circular Membrane ◽  
Critical Speeds ◽  
Steel Cord ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Radial tires for automobiles were subjected to high speed rolling under load on a testing wheel to determine the critical speeds at which standing waves started to form. Tires of different makes had significantly different critical speeds. The damping coefficient and mass per unit length of the tire wall were measured and a correlation between these properties and the observed critical speed of standing wave formation was sought through use of a circular membrane model. As expected from the model, desirably high critical speed calls for a high damping coefficient and a low mass per unit length of the tire wall. The damping coefficient is particularly important. Surprisingly, those tire walls that were reinforced with steel cord had higher damping coefficients than did those reinforced with polymeric cord. Although the individual steel filaments are elastic, the interfilament friction is higher in the steel cords than in the polymeric cords. A steel-reinforced tire wall also has a higher density per unit length. The damping coefficient is directly related to the mechanical loss in cyclic deformation and, hence, to the rolling resistance of a tire. The study shows that, in principle, it is more difficult to design a tire that is both fuel-efficient and free from standing waves when steel cord is used than when polymeric cords are used.

ENPLATE NI-423

Alloy Digest ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Chemical Reduction ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Electroless Nickel ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Corrosion And Wear ◽  
Phosphorus Alloy

Abstract ENPLATE NI-423 is a nickel-phosphorus alloy deposited by chemical reduction without electric current. It is deposited by a stable, relatively high-speed functional electroless nickel process that produces a low-stress coating with good ductility and excellent resistance to corrosion. Its many uses include equipment for chemicals and food, aerospace components, molds and electronic devices. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and hardness. It also includes information on corrosion and wear resistance as well as heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: Ni-343. Producer or source: Enthone Inc..

CIRCLE M

Alloy Digest ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
High Production ◽  
Red Hardness

Abstract CIRCLE M is a molybdenum-tungsten high-speed steel containing 9.0% cobalt. It is adapted to high production applications where increased speeds and heavy cuts necessitate unusual red-hardness and wear resistance. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and compressive strength. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: TS-10. Producer or source: Firth Sterling Corporation.

AISI TYPE M2

Alloy Digest ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Steel Mills ◽  
Aisi Type

Abstract AISI TYPE M2 is a molybdenum-tungsten high-speed steel with a balanced analysis which produces properties applicable to all general-purpose high-speed uses. It has an excellent balance between toughness and wear resistance. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and compressive strength as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: TS-240. Producer or source: Tool steel mills.

TATMO V

Alloy Digest ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Steel Company ◽  
Treated Steel ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Red Hardness ◽  
Edge Toughness ◽  
Heat Treated Steel

Abstract TATMO-V is a high-speed tool steel with superior abrasion resistance because of its high contents of carbon and vanadium. It is an excellent choice for premium grade tools which require an outstanding balance of red hardness, edge toughness, and wear resistance. Increased tool life of Tatmo-V is noted in the machining of semi-hard, heat-treated steel pats (300-350 Brinell). This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and elasticity as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: TS-434. Producer or source: Latrobe Steel Company.

FAGERSTA WKE-45

Alloy Digest ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Red Hardness

Abstract FAGERSTA WKE-45 is a tungsten-molybdenum high-speed steel containing 11% cobalt. It has greater red hardness and more wear resistance than almost any other high-speed steel and has adequate (medium) toughness. It is used mainly for lathe tools (for example, tool bits) where maximum wear resistance and red hardness are required. It is particularly suitable for working very hard and wear-inducing materials, including stainless steels. This datasheet provides information on composition and hardness. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: TS-317. Producer or source: Fagersta Steels Inc..

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