Highly active antiretroviral therapy does not affect mitochondrial β-oxidation of fatty acids: an in vitro study in fibroblasts

2006 ◽  
Vol preprint (2007) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Yasmeen Butt ◽  
Samira Kamrudin ◽  
Dinesh Rakheja
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Highly Active

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy Does Not Affect Mitochondrial β-Oxidation of Fatty Acids: An in Vitro Study in Fibroblasts

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
Yasmeen M. Butt ◽  
Samira A. Kamrudin ◽  
Dinesh Rakheja
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Highly Active

Preeclampsia is a multifactorial pregnancy-specific disease. In some cases, severe preeclampsia and related disorders of acute fatty liver of pregnancy and hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets syndrome are associated with inherited defects in mitochondrial β-oxidation of fatty acids, especially a deficiency of long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase (LCHAD). Recently, an unexplained increase in the incidence of preeclampsia has been documented in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected pregnant women on treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). We performed this study to determine if antiretroviral drugs affect mitochondrial β-oxidation fatty acids in vitro. Two normal and 1 heterozygous LCHAD-deficient cell lines were exposed to up to 5 times the therapeutic concentrations of the following antiretroviral drugs: nevirapine, didanosine, lamivudine, and a combination of nelfinavir, zidovudine, and lamivudine. One homozygous LCHAD-deficient cell line served as the positive control. After exposure of the fibroblasts to these drugs for periods ranging from 2 to 10 days, accumulations of even-chain 3-hydroxy fatty acids (3-OH-C6 to 3-OH-C18) in the culture media were measured by stable-isotope dilution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Compared to the respective unexposed fibroblasts, there was no significant build-up of 3-hydroxy fatty acids in the culture media of normal or heterozygous LCHAD-deficient fibroblasts exposed to antiretroviral drugs. Our results show that the commonly used antiretroviral drugs do not adversely affect fatty acid oxidation in fibroblasts. Therefore, an altered fatty acid oxidation may not be the mechanism for the reported increased risk of preeclampsia in HIV-infected pregnant women on HAART.

scholarly journals Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: a Possible Reservoir for HIV-1?

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kallmeyer ◽  
M. A. Ryder ◽  
M. S. Pepper
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Proliferation Capacity ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Latent Hiv ◽  
Hiv 1

AbstractThe introduction of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has transformed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 into a chronic, well-managed disease. However, these therapies do not eliminate all infected cells from the body despite suppressing viral load. Viral rebound is largely due to the presence of cellular reservoirs which support long-term persistence of HIV-1. A thorough understanding of the HIV-1 reservoir will facilitate the development of new strategies leading to its detection, reduction, and elimination, ultimately leading to curative therapies for HIV-1. Although immune cells derived from lymphoid and myeloid progenitors have been thoroughly studied as HIV-1 reservoirs, few studies have examined whether mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) can assume this function. In this review, we evaluate published studies which have assessed whether MSCs contribute to the HIV-1 reservoir. MSCs have been found to express the receptors and co-receptors required for HIV-1 entry, albeit at levels of expression and receptor localisation that vary considerably between studies. Exposure to HIV-1 and HIV-1 proteins alters MSC properties in vitro, including their proliferation capacity and differentiation potential. However, in vitro and in vivo experiments investigating whether MSCs can become infected with and harbour latent integrated proviral DNA are lacking. In conclusion, MSCs appear to have the potential to contribute to the HIV-1 reservoir. However, further studies are needed using techniques such as those used to prove that cluster of differentiation (CD)4+ T cells constitute an HIV-1 reservoir before a reservoir function can definitively be ascribed to MSCs. Graphical abstract MSCs may contribute to HIV-1 persistence in vivo in the vasculature, adipose tissue, and bone marrow by being a reservoir for latent HIV-1. To harbour latent HIV-1, MSCs must express HIV-1 entry markers, and show evidence of productive or latent HIV-1 infection. The effect of HIV-1 or HIV-1 proteins on MSC properties may also be indicative of HIV-1 infection.

scholarly journals Effects of ω3- and ω6-Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on RANKL-Induced Osteoclast Differentiation of RAW264.7 Cells: A Comparative in Vitro Study

Nutrients ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 2584-2601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Boeyens ◽  
Vishwa Deepak ◽  
Wei-Hang Chua ◽  
Marlena Kruger ◽  
Annie Joubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Osteoclast Differentiation ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Raw264.7 Cells

IN VITRO STUDY TO ASSESS THE POTENTIAL OF SHORT CHAIN FATTY ACIDS (SCFA) AS THERAPEUTIC AGENTS FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. P626-P626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warnakulasuriya Mary Ann Dipika Binosha Fernando ◽  
Stephanie Ruth Rainey-Smith ◽  
Ian J. Martins ◽  
Ralph N. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Anticancer effects of alloxanthoxyletin and fatty acids esters – In vitro study on cancer HTB-140 and A549 cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 618-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Jóźwiak ◽  
Marta Struga ◽  
Piotr Roszkowski ◽  
Agnieszka Filipek ◽  
Grażyna Nowicka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
A549 Cells ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Anticancer Effects

scholarly journals The in vitro Study on the Rates of Starch Consumption and Volatile Fatty Acids Production by the Rumen Fluid with or without Ciliates

1989 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 609-613
Author(s):  
Ryousuke KARIYA ◽  
Ziro MORITA ◽  
Ryozo OURA ◽  
Junjiro SEKINE
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study
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