The in vitro Study on the Rates of Starch Consumption and Volatile Fatty Acids Production by the Rumen Fluid with or without Ciliates

The effects of adding essential oils (EO) at different levels (125, 250, 500 mg/l) on rumen fermentation and biohydrogenation were examined in a rumen batch culture study. Treatments were: control without EO (CON), control with anise oil (ANO), cedar wood oil (CWO), cinnamon oil (CNO), eucalyptus oil (EUO), and tea tree oil (TEO). Essential oils, each dissolved in 1 ml of ethanol, were added to the culture flask containing 40 ml of buffer solution, 2 ml of reduction solution, 10 ml of rumen fluid, 25 mg of soybean oil, and 0.5 g of the diet. After 24 h of incubation in a water batch at 39°C, three samples were collected from each flask and analyzed for ammonia-N, volatile fatty acids (VFA), and fatty acids (FA). Expect for CNO, the proportions of acetate, propionate, and acetate to propionate ratios were not affected (P > 0.05) by EO addition. Addition of CWO, CNO, and TEO reduced total VFA concentrations (P < 0.05) regardless of dose level. The ammonia-N concentration was greater in cultures incubated with EO regardless of dose level. Compared with the CON, the concentrations of C18:0 and trans C18:1 were reduced (P < 0.05) with EO addition regardless of dose level. Compared with the CON, the concentration of linoleic acid was greater (P < 0.05) when EO were added at 500 mg/l. EO tested in this study had no effects on VFA profile but significantly reduced the formation of biohydrogenation products (C18:0 and trans C18:1).

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Multiple-factor associative effects of peanut shell combined with alfalfa and concentrate determined by in vitro gas production method

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/94/2019-cjas ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 64 (No. 8) ◽

pp. 352-360

Author(s):

Jiu Yuan ◽

Xinjie Wan

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Production Method ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Gas Production ◽

Peanut Shell ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

In Vitro Gas Production

The associative effects (AE) between concentrate (C), peanut shell (P) and alfalfa (A) were investigated by means of an automated gas production (GP) system. The C, P and A were incubated alone or as 40 : 60 : 0, 40 : 45 : 15, 40 : 30 : 30, 40 : 15 : 45, 40 : 0 : 60 and 30 : 70 : 0, 30 : 55 : 15, 30 : 40 : 30, 30 : 25 : 45, 30 : 10 : 60, 30 : 0 : 70 mixtures where the C : roughage (R) ratios were 40 : 60 and 30 : 70. Samples (0.2000 ± 0.0010 g) of single feeds or mixtures were incubated for 96 h in individual bottles (100 ml) with 30 ml of buffered rumen fluid. GP parameters were analysed using a single exponential equation. After incubation, the residues were used to determine pH, dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) of the incubation fluid, and their single factor AE indices (SFAEI) and multiple-factors AE indices (MFAEI) were determined. The results showed that group of 30 peanut shell had higher SFAEI of GP48 h, DMD, OMD and total volatile fatty acids (p < 0.05) and MFAEI (p < 0.05) than groups 60, 45 and 0 when C : R was 40 : 60. The group of 10 peanut shell showed higher SFAEI of GP48 h, DMD and OMD (p < 0.05) than groups 70, 55 and 40 and MFAEI (p < 0.01) when C : R was 30 : 70. It is concluded that optimal SFAEI and MFAEI were obtained when the C : P : A ratios were 40 : 30 : 30 and 30 : 10 : 60.

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Degradation of Amino Acids to Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Humans: An in Vitro Study

Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology ◽

10.3109/00365528809103964 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 178-182 ◽

Cited By ~ 82

Author(s):

H. S. Rasmussen ◽

K. Holtug ◽

P. B. Mortensen

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Vitro Study ◽

Short Chain ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

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Excretion of purine derivatives by ruminants: recycling of allantoin into the rumen via saliva and its fate in the gut

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19900107 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 197-205 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

X. B. Chen ◽

F. D. DeB. Hovell ◽

E. R. ØRskov

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Urinary Excretion ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Purine Derivatives ◽

Complete Destruction ◽

Series Of Experiments ◽

Micro Organisms

The saliva of sheep was shown to contain significant concentrations of uric acid (16 (sd) 4.5) μmol/l) and allantoin (120 (sd 16.4) μmol/l), sufficient to recycle purine derivatives equivalent to about 0.10 of the normal urinary excretion. When allantoin was incubated in vitro in rumen fluid, it was degraded at a rate sufficient to ensure complete destruction of recycled allantoin. In a series of experiments in which allantoin was infused into the rumen of sheep fed normally, or into the rumen or abomasum of sheep and the rumen of cattle completely nourished by intragastric infusion of volatile fatty acids and casein, no additional allantoin was recovered in the urine. These losses were probably due to the degradation of allantoin by micro-organisms associated with the digestive tract. It is concluded that all allantoin and uric acid recycled to the rumen via saliva will be similarly degraded. Therefore, the use of urinary excretion of purine derivatives as an estimator of the rumen microbial biomass available to ruminants will need to be corrected for such losses.

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Effects of ω3- and ω6-Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on RANKL-Induced Osteoclast Differentiation of RAW264.7 Cells: A Comparative in Vitro Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu6072584 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (7) ◽

pp. 2584-2601 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Jan Boeyens ◽

Vishwa Deepak ◽

Wei-Hang Chua ◽

Marlena Kruger ◽

Annie Joubert ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Osteoclast Differentiation ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Vitro Study ◽

Raw264.7 Cells

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Clay Minerals Affect the Solubility of Zn and Other Bivalent Cations in the Digestive Tract of Ruminants In Vitro

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11030877 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 877

Author(s):

Maria Schlattl ◽

Marzell Buffler ◽

Wilhelm Windisch

Keyword(s):

Trace Metals ◽

Trace Metal ◽

Digestive Tract ◽

Clay Minerals ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Vitro Study ◽

Bivalent Cations ◽

Soil Constituents

Ruminants ingest large quantities of clay minerals along with inorganic soil constituents in roughages. The layered structure of clay minerals, however, may adsorb cations and may, thus, interfere with the ruminants’ supply of essential trace metals, such as Zn, Mn, Cu, and Fe. As quantitative knowledge about interactions between clay ingestion and essential trace metal metabolism are largely lacking, this in vitro study focussed on the effect of clay on the solubility of dietary Zn and other bivalent trace metals in the digestive tract of ruminants. Therefore, buffered rumen fluid was used for the simulation of ruminal conditions (RC), acidified rumen fluid (pH 2) was used for abomasal conditions (AC), and duodenal chyme was used for duodenal conditions (DC). These media were added with gradient levels of zinc and incubated at 39 °C for 24 h in the absence or presence of clay minerals. Soluble Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe were derived by centrifugation (10,000× g) of incubated media, and the supernatants were analysed. Clay depressed the solubility of added Zn in ruminal (65.3% vs. 16.5%), abomasal (97.7% vs. 33.7%), and duodenal conditions (41.3% vs. 21.1%), the results of which were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Moreover, clay reduced dissolved Cu (µg/mL) (RC: 0.13 vs. 0.10; AC: 0.16 vs. 0.13; DC: 0.10 vs. 0.08) and Mn (µg/mL) (RC: 3.00 vs. 1.80; AC: 5.53 vs. 4.80; DC: 3.18 vs. 1.77) (p < 0.05 in all cases). The presence of clay minerals increased the concentrations of solubilised Fe (µg/mL) in abomasal (1.80 vs. 2.86, p < 0.05) and duodenal conditions (1.76 vs. 2.67; p < 0.05). In total, the present in vitro study demonstrates the potential of clay minerals ingested with ruminant feeds for depressing the solubility of dietary Zn, as well as the depression of dietary Cu and Mn along the passage of the digesta from the rumen until the duodenum. Additionally, clay minerals may release Fe into the digesta.

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Nilai VFA dan NH3 Rumput Alam Padang Penggembalaan Kecamatan Haharu Kabupaten Sumba Timur

Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan Terapan ◽

10.25047/jipt.v5i1.2588 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 8-12

Author(s):

Marselinus Hambakodu ◽

Elvis Pati Ranja ◽

Made Adi Sudarma

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Steam Distillation ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Survey Method ◽

Bothriochloa Ischaemum ◽

Natural Grass ◽

The Mean

This study aims to determine the value of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonia (NH3) of natural grass in grazing fields in vitro. The study used a direct survey method in the field. Natural grass was tested in vitro using Bali cattle rumen fluid. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive analysis based on the mean and standard deviation. Natural grass consisted of Heteropogon insignis, Bracharia decumbens, Bothriochloa ischaemum. The measurement of the value of VFA uses steam distillation, while the method of measuring the value of NH3 uses Conway micro diffusion. The results showed that Bracharia decumbens grass had a total VFA value of 74.48 mM and an NH3 value of 8.50 mM which was higher than Heteropogon insignis grass (total VFA 65.79 mM and NH3 6.67 mM), and Bothriochloa ischaemum grass (total VFA 60.64 mM and NH3 5.34 mM). The conclusion of this study was based on the value of VFA and NH3, Bracharia decumbens grass was a natural grass that may be cultivated for ruminants.

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Screening of Cyanide-Utilizing Bacteria from Rumen and In Vitro Evaluation of Fresh Cassava Root Utilization with Pellet Containing High Sulfur Diet

10.20944/preprints202012.0042.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rittikeard Prachumchai ◽

Anusorn Cherdthong ◽

Metha Wanapat

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Gas Production ◽

Ruminal Fermentation ◽

Cassava Root ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design

The current work aimed to screen the ruminal cyanide-utilizing bacteria and evaluate the influence of fresh cassava root (FCR) and pellets containing high sulfur (PELFUR) on cyanide content, kinetics of gas, in vitro degradability, and ruminal fermentation. The experiment was conducted in a Completely randomized design (CRD) for a screening of cyanide-utilizing bacteria and the dietary treatments were the level of cyanide at 0, 150, 300, and 450 ppm. A 5 × 3 factorial arrangement in a Completely randomized design was used for in vitro study. Factor A was the level of FCR at 0, 260, 350, 440, and 530 g/kg of 0.5 g dry matter (DM) substrate, and factor B was the level of PELFUR at 0, 15, and 30 g/kg DM substrate. Adding different doses of cyanide significantly affected cyanide-utilizing rumen bacterial growth (p < 0.05). Increasing the concentration of cyanide from 0 to 150 and 150 to 300 ppm, resulted in an increase in cyanide-utilizing rumen bacteria of 38.2% and 15.0%, respectively. Increasing the FCR level to more than 260 g/kg of 0.5 g substrate could increase cumulative gas production (p < 0.05), whereas increasing doses of PELFUR from 15 to 30 g/kg increased the cumulative gas production when compared with that of 0 g/kg PELFUR (p < 0.05). Cyanide concentration in rumen fluid decreased with PELFUR (p < 0.05) supplementation. Degradability of in vitro dry matter and organic matter following incubation increased at 12 and 24 h due to PELFUR supplementation with FCR and increased additionally with 15 g/kg PELFUR (p < 0.05) in 440 g/kg FCR. Proportions of the total volatile fatty acids, acetic acid (C2), propionic acid (C3), and butyric acid, as well as the ratio of C2 to C3 among supplementations with FCR (p < 0.05) were significantly different. As the proportion of FCR increased to 530 g/kg of the substrate, the volume of C3 increased by 14.6%. This is the first finding of bacteria in the rumen capable of utilizing cyanide, and cyanide might function as a nitrogen source for bacterial cell synthesis. Inclusion of FCR of 530 g/kg with 30 g/kg PELFUR could increase the cumulative gas production, the bacterial population, the in vitro degradability, the proportion of C3, and the rate of the disappearance of cyanide.

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