One-shot Multi-angle Measurement Device for Evaluating the Sparkle Impression

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (5) ◽  
pp. 60401-1-60401-8
Author(s):  
Shuhei Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Product Design ◽  
Angle Measurement ◽  
Observation Angle ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Quantification Method ◽  
Material Appearance ◽  
Subjective Score ◽  
Measurement Devices ◽  
Rotation Stage

The quantification of material appearance is important in product design. In particular, the sparkle impression of metallic paint used mainly for automobiles varies with the observation angle. Although several evaluation methods and multi-angle measurement devices have been proposed for the impression, it is necessary to add more light sources or cameras to the devices to increase the number of evaluation angles. The present study constructed a device that evaluates the multi-angle sparkle impression in one shot and developed a method for quantifying the impression. The device comprises a line spectral camera, light source, and motorized rotation stage. The quantification method is based on spatial frequency characteristics. It was confirmed that the evaluation value obtained from the image recorded by the constructed device correlates closely with a subjective score. Furthermore, the evaluation value is significantly correlated with that obtained using a commercially available evaluation device.

scholarly journals One-shot Multi-angle Measurement Device for Evaluating the Sparkle Impression

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 60401-1-60401-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuhei Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Product Design ◽  
Angle Measurement ◽  
Observation Angle ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Quantification Method ◽  
Material Appearance ◽  
Subjective Score ◽  
Measurement Devices ◽  
Rotation Stage

Abstract The quantification of material appearance is important in product design. In particular, the sparkle impression of metallic paint used mainly for automobiles varies with the observation angle. Although several evaluation methods and multi-angle measurement devices have been proposed for the impression, it is necessary to add more light sources or cameras to the devices to increase the number of evaluation angles. The present study constructed a device that evaluates the multi-angle sparkle impression in one shot and developed a method for quantifying the impression. The device comprises a line spectral camera, light source, and motorized rotation stage. The quantification method is based on spatial frequency characteristics. It was confirmed that the evaluation value obtained from the image recorded by the constructed device correlates closely with a subjective score. Furthermore, the evaluation value is significantly correlated with that obtained using a commercially available evaluation device.

Accuracy of hoof angle measurement devices in comparison with digitally analysed radiographs

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 319-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Moleman ◽  
M. C. V. van Heel ◽  
A. J. M. van den Belt ◽  
W. Back
Keyword(s):  
Angle Measurement ◽  
Measurement Devices

scholarly journals Light Technology for Efficient and Effective Photodynamic Therapy: A Critical Review

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3484
Author(s):  
José Francisco Algorri ◽  
Mario Ochoa ◽  
Pablo Roldán-Varona ◽  
Luís Rodríguez-Cobo ◽  
José Miguel López-Higuera
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Immunological Response ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Measurement Devices ◽  
Technological Paradigms ◽  
Insight Into

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a cancer treatment with strong potential over well-established standard therapies in certain cases. Non-ionising radiation, localisation, possible repeated treatments, and stimulation of immunological response are some of the main beneficial features of PDT. Despite the great potential, its application remains challenging. Limited light penetration depth, non-ideal photosensitisers, complex dosimetry, and complicated implementations in the clinic are some limiting factors hindering the extended use of PDT. To surpass actual technological paradigms, radically new sources, light-based devices, advanced photosensitisers, measurement devices, and innovative application strategies are under extensive investigation. The main aim of this review is to highlight the advantages/pitfalls, technical challenges and opportunities of PDT, with a focus on technologies for light activation of photosensitisers, such as light sources, delivery devices, and systems. In this vein, a broad overview of the current status of superficial, interstitial, and deep PDT modalities—and a critical review of light sources and their effects on the PDT process—are presented. Insight into the technical advancements and remaining challenges of optical sources and light devices is provided from a physical and bioengineering perspective.

scholarly journals Automatic Calibration System for Precision Angle Measurement Devices

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-167
Author(s):  
Wang Yung-Cheng ◽  
Shyuw Lih-Horng ◽  
Eberhard Manske ◽  
Chang Chung-Ping ◽  
Eberhard Manske ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angle Measurement ◽  
Automatic Calibration ◽  
Calibration System ◽  
Measurement Devices

Ring Laser for Angle Measurement Devices

2021 ◽  
pp. 775-784
Author(s):  
Irina Cherepanska ◽  
Olena Bezvesilna ◽  
Artem Sazonov ◽  
Petro Melnychuk ◽  
Valerii Kyrylovych
Keyword(s):  
Ring Laser ◽  
Angle Measurement ◽  
Measurement Devices

Research of Optical Radiation Impact on Materials of Museum Exhibits and Requirements to Measurement Devices

2019 ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Sergei S. Bayev ◽  
Vladimir N. Kuzmin ◽  
Konstantin A. Tomsky
Keyword(s):  
Acceptable Level ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Led Lighting ◽  
Museum Exhibits ◽  
Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
Colour Measurements ◽  
Uv Irradiance ◽  
Measurement Devices ◽  
Special Studies

LED lighting creates capability of the best representation of museum exhibits and creation of additional light perception effects. It also allows us to use the results of light and colour measurements for adjustment of quantity and quality of lighting. Photometric devices may become permanent assistants in decoration of exhibitions and museum premises. Even more important are photometers for monitoring of acceptable level of illuminance and UV irradiance. With correct evaluation of adverse impact of LED lighting, there is an opportunity to significantly increase the permitted level of exhibits lighting, which is a permanent requirement by designers. The recommendations for standardisation of lighting are based on results of special studies performed with consideration of material light-resistance groups and properties of light sources. Such studies were performed by STE TKA, LLC, and GOSNIIRESTAVRATSII by request of the Ministry of Culture. The article describes major results of this study, which mainly aimed at specification of safe acceptable level of UV irradiation of materials with application of energy-saving fluorescent lamps as well as major characteristics of produced photometers. Similar studies and elaboration of recommendation are required also for LED light sources.

Determination of the Best Emulsion for the Microscopy of Crystals

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 32-33
Author(s):  
David A. Grano ◽  
Kenneth H. Downing
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Experimental Situation ◽  
Photographic Emulsion ◽  
Modulation Transfer ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Frequency Space ◽  
Noise Ratio

The retrieval of high-resolution information from images of biological crystals depends, in part, on the use of the correct photographic emulsion. We have been investigating the information transfer properties of twelve emulsions with a view toward 1) characterizing the emulsions by a few, measurable quantities, and 2) identifying the “best” emulsion of those we have studied for use in any given experimental situation. Because our interests lie in the examination of crystalline specimens, we've chosen to evaluate an emulsion's signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as a function of spatial frequency and use this as our critereon for determining the best emulsion.The signal-to-noise ratio in frequency space depends on several factors. First, the signal depends on the speed of the emulsion and its modulation transfer function (MTF). By procedures outlined in, MTF's have been found for all the emulsions tested and can be fit by an analytic expression 1/(1+(S/S0)2). Figure 1 shows the experimental data and fitted curve for an emulsion with a better than average MTF. A single parameter, the spatial frequency at which the transfer falls to 50% (S0), characterizes this curve.

Density-based discrimination of protein and RNA in the ribosome

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 464-465
Author(s):  
Joachim Frank
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Function ◽  
Spatial Frequency ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Wiener Filter ◽  
Dark Field Image ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Bright Field ◽  
Contrast Transfer Function ◽  
Pass Filter

Cryo-electron microscopy combined with single-particle reconstruction techniques has allowed us to form a three-dimensional image of the Escherichia coli ribosome.In the interior, we observe strong density variations which may be attributed to the difference in scattering density between ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and protein. This identification can only be tentative, and lacks quantitation at this stage, because of the nature of image formation by bright field phase contrast. Apart from limiting the resolution, the contrast transfer function acts as a high-pass filter which produces edge enhancement effects that can explain at least part of the observed variations. As a step toward a more quantitative analysis, it is necessary to correct the transfer function in the low-spatial-frequency range. Unfortunately, it is in that range where Fourier components unrelated to elastic bright-field imaging are found, and a Wiener-filter type restoration would lead to incorrect results. Depending upon the thickness of the ice layer, a varying contribution to the Fourier components in the low-spatial-frequency range originates from an “inelastic dark field” image. The only prospect to obtain quantitatively interpretable images (i.e., which would allow discrimination between rRNA and protein by application of a density threshold set to the average RNA scattering density may therefore lie in the use of energy-filtering microscopes.

Spatially Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy: Recent Progress and Future Plans

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 388-389
Author(s):  
A. M. Bradshaw
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Target Material ◽  
Orbital Energy ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Hartree Fock ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Koopmans Theorem ◽  
Surface Analytical Technique

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS or ESCA) was not developed by Siegbahn and co-workers as a surface analytical technique, but rather as a general probe of electronic structure and chemical reactivity. The method is based on the phenomenon of photoionisation: The absorption of monochromatic radiation in the target material (free atoms, molecules, solids or liquids) causes electrons to be injected into the vacuum continuum. Pseudo-monochromatic laboratory light sources (e.g. AlKα) have mostly been used hitherto for this excitation; in recent years synchrotron radiation has become increasingly important. A kinetic energy analysis of the so-called photoelectrons gives rise to a spectrum which consists of a series of lines corresponding to each discrete core and valence level of the system. The measured binding energy, EB, given by EB = hv−EK, where EK is the kineticenergy relative to the vacuum level, may be equated with the orbital energy derived from a Hartree-Fock SCF calculation of the system under consideration (Koopmans theorem).

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