scholarly journals Effect of Water Flow Rate on Cooling Capacity of Laminar Flow for Hot Steel Plate

1982 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 974-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natsuo HATTA ◽  
Jun-ichi KOKADO ◽  
Koichi HANASAKI ◽  
Hirohiko TAKUDA ◽  
Masaharu NAKAZAWA
Keyword(s):  
Laminar Flow ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Effect Of Water

scholarly journals Effect of Water Flow on Underwater Wet Welded A36 Steel

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 682
Author(s):  
Eko Surojo ◽  
Aziz Harya Gumilang ◽  
Triyono Triyono ◽  
Aditya Rio Prabowo ◽  
Eko Prasetya Budiana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Shielded Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Bending Effect ◽  
Metal Arc Welding ◽  
A36 Steel

Underwater wet welding (UWW) combined with the shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) method has proven to be an effective way of permanently joining metals that can be performed in water. This research was conducted to determine the effect of water flow rate on the physical and mechanical properties (tensile, hardness, toughness, and bending effect) of underwater welded bead on A36 steel plate. The control variables used were a welding speed of 4 mm/s, a current of 120 A, electrode E7018 with a diameter of 4 mm, and freshwater. The results show that variations in water flow affected defects, microstructure, and mechanical properties of underwater welds. These defects include spatter, porosity, and undercut, which occur in all underwater welding results. The presence of flow and an increased flow rate causes differences in the microstructure, increased porosity on the weld metal, and undercut on the UWW specimen. An increase in water flow rate causes the acicular ferrite microstructure to appear greater, and the heat-affected zone (HAZ) will form finer grains. The best mechanical properties are achieved by welding with the highest flow rate, with a tensile strength of 534.1 MPa, 3.6% elongation, a Vickers microhardness in the HAZ area of 424 HV, and an impact strength of 1.47 J/mm2.

Comprehensive analysis of the thermohydraulic performance of cooling networks subject to fouling and undergoing retrofit projects

2020 ◽  
pp. 0958305X2094531
Author(s):  
Hebert Lugo-Granados ◽  
Lázaro Canizalez-Dávalos ◽  
Martín Picón-Núñez
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Drop ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Fluid Velocity ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Volumetric Flow Rate ◽  
Cooling Capacity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Rate Distribution

The aim of this paper is to develop guidelines for the placing of new coolers in cooling systems subject to retrofit. The effects of the accumulation of scale on the flow system are considered. A methodology to assess the interconnected effect of local fluid velocity and fouling deposition is developed. The local average fluid velocity depends on the water flow rate distribution across the piping network. The methodology has four main calculation components: a) the determination of the flow rate distribution across the piping network, b) the prediction of fouling deposition, c) determination of the hydraulic changes and the effect on fouling brought about by the placing of new exchangers into an existing structure, and d) the calculation of the total cooling load and pressure drop of the system. The set of disturbances introduced to the system through fouling and the incorporation of new coolers, create network responses that eventually influence the cooling capacity and the pressure drop. In this work, these interactions are analysed using two case studies. The results indicate that, from the thermal point of view, the incorporation of new heat exchangers is recommended in series. The limit is the point where the increase of the total pressure drop causes a reduction in the overall volumetric flow rate. New coolers added in parallel create a reduction of pressure drop and an increase in the overall water flow rate; however, this increase is not enough to counteract the reduction of fluid velocity and heat capacity removal.

Analysis of Triangular Microchannel Under Forced Convection Heat Transfer Condition for Laminar Flow Condition

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Kamble ◽  
B. S. Gawali
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Laminar Flow ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Heat Input ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Temperature Drop ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Rate Condition ◽  
Wide Range

Micro-convection is a strategic area in transport phenomena, since it is the basis for a wide range of miniaturized high-performance heat transfer applications. Surface area is one of the important parameter for high flux heat transfer in microchannel performance. This experimental study deals with heat transfer using triangular microchannel having hydraulic diameters of 321μm and 289μm. Experimentation is carried out for triangular microchannel set for different heat input and flow rate condition. Triangular microchannel are manufactured with EDM technology. Testing of microchannel under laminar flow is considered with different tip angle, spacing, and length of microchannels. The different microchannels made up of copper material with 29 microchannel each having three different sets of length of 50 mm, 70 mm and 90 mm respectively. Tip angles for triangular microchannel is varied 50 ° and 60 ° with width of 30 mm each respectively are analyzed numerically. Spacing between triangular microchannels is also varied and 300μm and 400μm are considered for the analysis. Water flow rate is considered laminar flow. The flow rate of water is varied from 0.0167 kg/sec to 0.167 kg/sce to carry away heat. It is observed that as hydraulic diameters increase the heat transfer coefficient decreases. As the heat input to microchannel increases from 10 Watt to 100 Watt the temperature drop across varies from 2° C to 22°C as water flow rate increases. The numerical analysis is done using computer C programming. Experimental result differ from theoretical for temperature drop with variation of 2°C to 5°C. It is also observed that in all triangular microchannels its geometry i.e. tip angle and hydraulic diameter are dominant parameters which influences on rate of heat transfer. With increasing channel depth, increases flow passage area therefore enhances heat transfer sufficiently. From experimentation a Nu number correlation is proposed with considering tip angle, length, spacing of microchannel and other related parameters.

scholarly journals Effects of water flow rate and surface cover plant density on the growth of duckweed (Lemna minor L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Renata Caprina Samantha Mahadewi Hutabarat ◽  
Didik Indradewa
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Lemna Minor ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Surface Cover ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Effect Of Water

Globally, agriculture sector is facing unprecedented challenges in producing fertilizers and increasing the amount of fertilizer production without having negative impact on the environment. Thus, the organic fertilizers are needed to be produced as they do not give any damages to the environment. Duckweed plant has a lot of potentials that can be used in the agriculture sector. This plant can breed in approximately 16-48 hours by splitting. The water needs and its breeding speed ability are the basis for conducting this research. The research objective was to determine the effect of water flow rate and surface cover plant density on the growth and yield of duckweed plants. This research was conducted in November–December 2018 in Cangkringan District, Sleman, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The experiment was arranged in a split plot design. The main plot was irrigation water flow rate, consisting of two levels, namely large water flow rate (0.336 L.second-1) and small water flow rate (0.085 L.second-1). The subplot was the density of the duckweed plant surface cover, consisting of 10%, 20%, 40% and 60%. The results of this study indicated there was no effect of water flow rate on the plant growth, yield, and yield quality of duckweed plants. The C/N ratio of the duckweed plants fulfilled the requirement to be used as green manure.

The Effect of Water Flow Rate on Zooplankton and Its Role in Phosphorus Cycling in Small Impoundments

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ejsmont-Karabin ◽  
T. Weglenska ◽  
R. J. Wisniewski
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
Water Flow Rate ◽  
Turnover Time ◽  
Running Waters ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Phosphorus Regeneration ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Zooplankton Communities

The attempt was made to determine the effect of water flow rate on Zooplankton density, trophic structure and the role of phosphorus regeneration by Zooplankton in phosphorus sedimentation in four impoundments with a water exchange from less than 10 hours to 8-12 days. Formation of stagnant environments together with the increasing time of water exchange in impoundments created good conditions for development of Zooplankton communities. As a result, the rate of phosphorus regeneration was higher and the turnover time of the total and seston phosphorus was shorter in impoundments than in streams above impoundments. A hypothesis that the stations with a long time of water exchange could be a kind of a trap for nutrients excluded from cycling in running waters is validated.

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