Biological age, testosterone, and estradiol as discriminating factors of muscle strength levels in young athletes

Background: Endocrine mechanisms can be a determining factor in the neuromuscular performance of young athletes. Objective: The objective of the present study was to relate maturational and hormonal markers to neuromuscular performance, as well as to verify whether young athletes with different testosterone levels show differences in muscle strength. Methods: The sample consisted of 37 young male Brazilian athletes (11.3 ± 0.94 years) who were members of a sports initiation project. Hormonal markers were analyzed biochemically by blood samples, and maturation markers by mathematical models based on anthropometry. Body composition was verified by tetrapolar bioimpedance. The performance of upper and lower limb strength and body speed were analyzed. Results: Hormonal and maturational markers were related to neuromuscular performance (p < 0.05). Young people with higher testosterone levels showed higher muscle strength (p < 0.05). Artificial neural networks showed that testosterone predicted the performance of upper limbs by 49%, and maturation by 60%. Maturation foreshadowed the performance of lower limbs by 30.3%. Conclusion: Biological maturation and hormonal levels can be related to neuromuscular performance, and young people with higher testosterone levels show superior muscle strength in relation to the others.

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Jump-Land Characteristics and Muscle Strength Development in Young Athletes

The American Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/0363546505281242 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 375-384 ◽

Cited By ~ 91

Author(s):

Sue D. Barber-Westin ◽

Frank R. Noyes ◽

Marc Galloway

Keyword(s):

Muscle Strength ◽

Strength Development ◽

Young Athletes

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ISOKINETIC MUSCLE STRENGTH AND EXERCISE FOR OSGOOD SCHLATTER DISEASE IN YOUNG ATHLETES

INTERNATIONAL REFEREED ACADEMIC JOURNAL OF SPORTS ◽

10.17363/sstb.2019.32.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 0 (32) ◽

pp. 0-0

Author(s):

Canan GÖNEN AYDIN ◽

Deniz KARGIN ◽

Mehmet Özbey BÜYÜKKUŞCU ◽

Burak FARIZ ◽

Dilek ÖZTAŞ ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Strength ◽

Young Athletes ◽

Isokinetic Muscle Strength

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Characteristics of Technical and Physical Fitness of Young Athletes in the Selection for Classes in the Basketball Section

Bulletin of Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University ◽

10.12958/2227-2844-2021-2(340)-2-252-259 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2 (340)) ◽

pp. 252-259

Author(s):

Serhii Shynkarov ◽

Keyword(s):

Biological Age ◽

Small Scale ◽

Sports Training ◽

Social Psychological ◽

Young Athletes ◽

Basketball Players ◽

Selection For ◽

The Relationship ◽

Initial Selection ◽

Selection Of

The article reveals the essence of the content and basic theoretical principles of selection and sports training of young basketball players based on biological age, substantiates the need to take into account the biological age of young basketball players in sports training. The main features of the initial selection of young basketball players are identified, systematized and characterized. It is shown that the problem of selection of athletes is very multifaceted. It affects many aspects: social, psychological, pedagogical, philosophical and others. On some issues of selection there are more or less clear ideas from the theory, on others – they are still in the process of formation. The idea of the relationship between physical and technical fitness of young athletes in the selection for classes in the basketball section, their sports training in the training of young basketball players, taking into account the biological age, was expanded. A small-scale and quantitatively selective experiment was conducted, which provided an opportunity to solve the objectives of the study. The importance of using different methods and means of selection, the importance of this process to achieve high results in basketball give grounds for further scientifically sound search for a solution to this problem.

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Lean mass and biological maturation as predictors of muscle power and strength performance in young athletes

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0254552 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (7) ◽

pp. e0254552

Author(s):

Paulo Francisco de Almeida-Neto ◽

Rafaela Catherine da Silva Cunha de Medeiros ◽

Dihogo Gama de Matos ◽

Adam D. G. Baxter-Jones ◽

Felipe J. Aidar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Strength ◽

Muscle Power ◽

Bone Age ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Height Velocity ◽

Upper Limbs ◽

Young Athletes ◽

Adolescent Athletes ◽

Network Analyses ◽

Biological Maturation

Background The biological maturation (BM) analyzed by peak height velocity (PHV) and bone age (BA), and lean body mass has been associated with the strength and muscle power of young athletes. However, the ability of BM (PHV and BA) and LM markers to predict muscle strength and power in young athletes remains uncertain. Objective The Aim was determine the predicting power of BM markers (PHV and BA) and LM in relation to muscle power of upper and lower limbs and muscle strength of upper limbs in adolescent athletes at puberty. Methods Ninety-two adolescent athletes (both sexes; age 12.4 ± 1.02 years) were assessed for body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Power of upper limbs (ULP), force handgrip (HG), vertical jump (VJ) and countermovement jump (CMJ) were recorded. BM was predicted by mathematical models to estimate PHV and BA. Multilayer artificial neural network analyses (MLP’s) were used to determine the power of prediction of LM, PHV and BA on muscle power and strength of upper- and lower-limbs of the athletes. Results LM, BA and PHV were associated with HG (r>0.74, p<0.05) and ULS (r>0.60, p<0.05) in both sexes. In both sexes BA was associated with VJ (r>0.55, p<0.05) and CMJ (r>0.53, p<0.05). LM indicated associations (r>0.60, p<0.05) with BA and with PHV (r<0.83, p<0.05) in both sexes. MLP’s analysis revealed that the LM provides > 72% of probability to predict the muscle power of upper- and lower-limbs, and the strength of the upper limbs; whereas PHV provides > 43% and bone age >64% in both female and male adolescent athletes. Conclusion We identified that, like PHV and BA, LM is a strong predictor of low cost of both upper limbs muscle strength and upper and lower limbs power in adolescent athletes.

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Jump-Land Characteristics and Muscle Strength Development in Young Athletes: A Gender Comparison of 1140 Athletes 9 to 17 Years of Age

Yearbook of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1016/s0162-0908(08)70238-1 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 2007 ◽

pp. 300-301

Author(s):

T. Rowland

Keyword(s):

Muscle Strength ◽

Strength Development ◽

Young Athletes ◽

Gender Comparison

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The Effectiveness of Biological Maturation and Lean Mass in Relation to Muscle Strength Performance in Elite Young Athletes

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12176696 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (17) ◽

pp. 6696 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Paulo Francisco de Almeida-Neto ◽

Dihogo Gama de Matos ◽

Adam D. G. Baxter-Jones ◽

Gilmário Ricarte Batista ◽

Vanessa Carla Monteiro Pinto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Strength ◽

Lean Mass ◽

Lower Limb ◽

Local Effect ◽

Strength Development ◽

Young Athletes ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Strength Performance ◽

Tennis Players ◽

Lower Limb Strength

This study aimed to identify the interactional relationships between maturation (biological age (BA)) and lean mass on strength development in young athletes from different sports. Using a cross-sectional study design, a sample of 64 young athletes (rowers, swimmers, jiu-jitsu, volleyball, soccer and tennis players) of both sexes (13.6 ± 1.17 years) were recruited. Body composition was assessed using dual energy bone densitometry with X-ray source (DEXA). Strength of upper limbs (ULS), force hand grip (HG), vertical jump (VJ) and jump against movement (CMJ) were recorded. BA was estimated from anthropometrics. BA relationships were identified with upper limb strength in all athletes, and with the lower limb strength of tennis players, only (p < 0.05). An interaction effect between lean mass and BA was found (η2p = 0.753), as was a local effect within the regression models (ƒ2 ≥ 0.33). Athletes with a higher concentration of lean mass had superior upper and lower limb strength (p < 0.05). Lean mass showed a local effect (ƒ2) greater than that associated with BA. Although maturation is related to strength development, the strength of the relationship is mitigated by the accrual of lean mass. Specifically, the local effect of lean mass on muscle strength is broader than that of maturation, especially for lower limb strength.

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