scholarly journals Polar Research and the Secrets of the Arctic

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (0) ◽  
pp. 103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torbjørn Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Open Access Publishing ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Operational Environment ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Future State ◽  
The Military

The advantages that some military establishments have enjoyed in the remote Arctic region are diminishing. The military secrets of the Arctic Ocean are being progressively uncloaked, as civilian polar research expands into areas previously known only to a few. This study examines the security ramifications of broadened international research into what has been the most inhospitable and exclusive operational area on Earth. Firstly, the study argues that successful military operations in the Arctic depend on extended knowledge about area-specific issues related to e.g. the upper atmosphere and magnetosphere, weather, sea ice, ocean structure and dynamics, seafloor bathymetry and sediments, as well as reliable target detection systems. Secondly, it finds that a number of nations, both Arctic and non-Arctic, have stepped up their polar research in recent years. Secrets once held by a few are now accessible to many through international cooperation, data-sharing and open-access publishing. Finally, the study concludes that knowledge proliferation is likely to level the Arctic battlefield. Lending terms from Mica Endsley’s three-level Situation Awareness model, polar research will result in increasingly shared perceptions about the Arctic operational environment, contribute to a more uniform comprehension of the elements, and even enable new actors to project a future state of the Arctic environment. Responsible Editor: Øyvind Ravna, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway

Inclusion of the Cyber Space in the Operational Environment of the Military Actions - A New Paradigm in the Military Thinking

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93
Author(s):  
Mihai Marcel Neag
Keyword(s):  
Military Operations ◽  
Operational Environment ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Significant Challenge ◽  
Cyber Space ◽  
The Military

AbstractThe integration, coordination and synchronization of operations, missions and activities in the cyber space with those in the operational environment represent a significant challenge. The priority of the military operations is the accomplishment of the mission and in order for the cyber space to contribute to this purpose, a change of paradigm in the military thinking is necessary. From this perspective, the clarification of the terminological terminology is indispensable, especially in a domain that generates such different interpretations and reactions as those in the cyber field.

scholarly journals Medical and psychological rehabilitation of servicemen serving in the Arctic zone of Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-15
Author(s):  
S V Dolgikh ◽  
G N Ponomarenko ◽  
L L Bobrov ◽  
V N Ishchuk ◽  
A V Merzlikin
Keyword(s):  
Military Personnel ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Zone ◽  
Combat Training ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Arctic Region

The analysis and results of the generalization of domestic scientific research on the issues of service activities of military personnel and civilians in the Arctic are given. The problems of the organization of the protection of the health of servicemen serving in the Arctic region are shown. It has been established that military personnel performing combat training tasks in the Arctic zone of Russia mainly (more than 95% of cases) have the following types of psychophysical and neurotic disadaptosis - somatoform dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system, overwork, restrictions on activity caused by a decrease or disability. The role of medical and psychological rehabilitation as one of the effective methods for the prevention and treatment of maladaptive disorders in the military has been shown. Methodical approaches to the organization of medical and psychological rehabilitation of servicemen performing training and combat tasks in the Arctic zone of Russia, in particular, recommendations on the use of corrective methods in accordance with the clinical characteristics of syndromes are proposed.

scholarly journals Aquatorialities of the Arctic Region – A Systems Theoretical Analysis of Risks

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gorm Harste
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Political System ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Council ◽  
Legal Code ◽  
Communications Systems ◽  
Ecological Communication ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Arctic Region

In order to describe the Arctic system I propose using a concept functionally equivalent to territoriality, namely aquatoriality. Whether communicating about territoriality or aquatoriality, concepts and delimitations are both contingent to forms of communication systems. I will distinguish between six communications systems that differentiated from each other could become involved in the new deals emerging around the Arctic. Apart of an economic communication code about the Arctic, a legal code, ecological communication codes, and tourist communication codes, I will cope with the military coding of the Arctic. These codes could then appear structurally coupled to a political system that in an organizational way appears in the Arctic Council.

An Intelligent Knowledge Treasure for Military Decision Support

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanju Mishra ◽  
Sarika Jain
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Information Integration ◽  
Support Service ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Ontology Language ◽  
Military Commanders ◽  
Core Concepts ◽  
The Military ◽  
Heterogeneous Resources

Information integration is great for military operations because the range of pertinent information sources is significantly distinct and dynamic. This article develops an intelligent knowledge treasure comprised of military resource ontology and procedures, as a learning model for better interoperability of heterogeneous resources of the Indian military. This model can interpret and learn the context of military information automatically, thereby facilitating the military commanders with decision making in several operations, such as command and control, teaching and training, military coalition, situation awareness and many more. To design the military resource ontology, this article specifies the core concepts of the ontology based on terms derived from heterogeneous resources. WWW standard ontology language, OWL has been used to codify the ontology. This article develops an intelligent tool—“QueryOnto”—as an interface to the military resource ontology that provides a commander decision support service and demonstrates how to apply the military ontology in practice. The developed ontology has been verified and validated with the best known approaches and metrics available. The presented model is helpful for military commanders to train their juniors in a systematic way and will provide an efficient web-based learning of different military tasks in future.

An Intelligent Knowledge Treasure for Military Decision Support

2021 ◽  
pp. 498-521
Author(s):  
Sanju Mishra ◽  
Sarika Jain
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Information Integration ◽  
Support Service ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Military Commanders ◽  
Core Concepts ◽  
The Military ◽  
Heterogeneous Resources

Information integration is great for military operations because the range of pertinent information sources is significantly distinct and dynamic. This article develops an intelligent knowledge treasure comprised of military resource ontology and procedures, as a learning model for better interoperability of heterogeneous resources of the Indian military. This model can interpret and learn the context of military information automatically, thereby facilitating the military commanders with decision making in several operations, such as command and control, teaching and training, military coalition, situation awareness and many more. To design the military resource ontology, this article specifies the core concepts of the ontology based on terms derived from heterogeneous resources. WWW standard ontology language, OWL has been used to codify the ontology. This article develops an intelligent tool—“QueryOnto”—as an interface to the military resource ontology that provides a commander decision support service and demonstrates how to apply the military ontology in practice. The developed ontology has been verified and validated with the best known approaches and metrics available. The presented model is helpful for military commanders to train their juniors in a systematic way and will provide an efficient web-based learning of different military tasks in future.

THE IMPORTANCE OF MISSION ANALYSIS IN MODERN MILITARY OPERATIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-84
Author(s):  
George-Ion TOROI
Keyword(s):  
Planning Process ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Operational Environment ◽  
Mission Analysis ◽  
State Actors ◽  
Correct Understanding ◽  
The Military

Abstract: The complexity of today’s operational environment has a direct impact on the military instrument of power of every nation. Nowadays, conflicts have a much bigger unconventional component. This component lies in the types of actors involved and the methods used by them. Most contemporary conflicts are no longer classic confrontations between two states that use their military constituent to impose their will on the adversary. Today, the other instruments of power play an equally important role. The resolution of today's conflicts does not only require a military approach to the problem, which further complicates the mission of the military forces, as they are forced to focus on other areas outside the military. Today, non-state actors play a much more important role in armed conflicts. They often fail to comply with international conventions on armed conflict and use any means available to achieve their own goals. In addition, the unprecedented technological development of society in general, but also the unrestricted access to these types of technologies further facilitates the use of unconventional methods by malicious non-state actors in support of their own interests. Therefore, it can be seen that, nowadays, the complexity of armed conflicts has increased exponentially, and the identification and understanding of the problem, the causes of conflicts, as well as the ways to resolve it have become increasingly difficult to achieve. In this regard, I believe that the military should develop appropriate procedures to support the correct understanding of what needs to be done to achieve success and to insist on optimizing the mission analysis as part of the military operations planning process, analysis that should develop the correct understanding of the situation and should support viable future options to solve the conflict.

scholarly journals Problems of the Soviet Arctic Development in the Works by Anglo-American Researchers of the 1930s-1950s

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 454-479
Author(s):  
Denis Anan'ev
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Polar Research Institute ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Arctic Region

The paper objective is to analyze the works by the Anglo-American researchers (T.A. Taracouzio, T. Armstrong, C.J. Webster et al.) published in the 1930s–1950s, and to estimate their contribution to the study of the early stage of the Soviet Arctic development. These works by Western scholars are of interest to the contemporary researchers not only because they show how the ups and downs of the Soviet policy towards the Arctic were perceived and evaluated in other countries. Some conclusions drawn in the works under consideration remain relevant nowadays, such as the idea that it is impossible to address the problems of the Arctic region effectively without meaningful international cooperation. The Anglo-American specialists used a vast amount of documentary sources and research literature (for the most part, published in Russian) and covered a wide range of issues related to this topic. These issues include the history of scientific exploration; the system of governance in the Arctic in the 1920s-1950s; the economic development; the policy towards the indigenous population etc. While admitting the outstanding accomplishments of the Soviet explorers of the Arctic region, the Western authors also pointed out that there was certain continuity between the pre-revolutionary and Soviet policies implemented in the Arctic; stressed the military and strategic significance of the Arctic territories and negative human impact on the Arctic environment. Specialized scientific research centers contributed to the comprehensive study of the topic. Among such centers one should mention the Scott Polar Research Institute (Cambridge) and the Arctic Institute of North America, which prepared and published 16 volumes of «Arctic bibliography». The author concludes that the Anglo-American researchers laid a foundation for the further study of the problems related to the development of the Arctic zone of the USSR and Russian Federation.

Risk and Reliability Centered Maintenance for Maritime Operations in the Arctic: Experience From Fishing

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar McGuinness ◽  
Tora Gjermstad Dypvik ◽  
Ingrid Bouwer Utne ◽  
Ingunn Marie Holmen
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Operational Environment ◽  
Fishing Fleet ◽  
Mandatory Requirement ◽  
Under Construction

The Arctic is a vast area with many future economic possibilities for the oil and gas, shipping and the fishing industries. The climate is harsh, the environment vulnerable, but the potential profits from future expansion in the area are huge. The on-going public debate on the Arctic includes discussions both for and against industrial development in these areas, however the reality is that as resources become scarcer in other parts of the world, Arctic expansion will become inevitable. Therefore adequate preplanning of the activities, understanding of the operational environment and development of barriers against undesired events becomes infinitely more important for sustainable, reliable and safe operation in the future. The fishing fleet has been operating in the Arctic region for decades and while the safety for the fishers is questionable, it is a matter of resources that drove and will continue to drive this expansion. The IMO’s Polar Code for shipping is now under construction and the fishing fleet will have to comply with this and other regulations for future operations in the Arctic. This paper focuses on the maintenance and safety management regimes and requirements of the fishing fleet currently operating in the Arctic. With long distances to service and help, and a short operating season, a reliable system is a mandatory requirement for the economic stability of these operations. Mutual benefits may be gained if operational experiences from fishing can be utilized by the oil and gas industry and ship transport when moving their operations into the arctic areas, whereas the fishing fleet can improve their safety performance through closer alignment with those standardized procedures applied in other industries.

scholarly journals Design of Military Actions in the Operational Environment Hybrid Type

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-162
Author(s):  
Mihai Marcel Neag
Keyword(s):  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Deterrent Effect ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Operational Environment ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Collective Defense ◽  
Hybrid Threats ◽  
Hybrid War ◽  
The Military

Abstract Collective defense arrangements promoted by security-related institutions have generally proven that they can produce the deterrent effect of the armed conflict. However, hybrid warfare actions have challenged the capability of countering and threatening hybrid threats. The paper seeks a point of view on developments in the current operational environment, focusing on the review of the military operations typology in identifying potential measures to counteract the actions of the hybrid war and highlighting the need for a new approach to the construction of armed power in terms of new types risks, challenges and threats

scholarly journals USA, Russia and European Countries in the Arctic: Cooperation or Confrontation?

2021 ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Valerii Zhuravel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The North ◽  
Military Presence ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Arctic Region

Based on the analysis of the military-political and operational situation in the Arctic region, the article reveals the actual and potential threats to the national security of the Russian Federation from the United States and the countries of the NATO bloc. The directions of strengthening the military presence in the Arctic of the Arctic states and other alliance countries are characterised. It is emphasised that the North of Norway is becoming one of the most militarised regions in Scandinavia. It is concluded that the activation of NATO in the High North may lead to a reconfiguration of relations in the security sphere. The article reveals the measures of the Russian Federation to strengthen the defence capability in the Arctic direction, protect its sovereignty and territorial integrity, and normalise the situation and relations between Russia and the United States.

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