scholarly journals USA, Russia and European Countries in the Arctic: Cooperation or Confrontation?

2021 ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Valerii Zhuravel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The North ◽  
Military Presence ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Arctic Region

Based on the analysis of the military-political and operational situation in the Arctic region, the article reveals the actual and potential threats to the national security of the Russian Federation from the United States and the countries of the NATO bloc. The directions of strengthening the military presence in the Arctic of the Arctic states and other alliance countries are characterised. It is emphasised that the North of Norway is becoming one of the most militarised regions in Scandinavia. It is concluded that the activation of NATO in the High North may lead to a reconfiguration of relations in the security sphere. The article reveals the measures of the Russian Federation to strengthen the defence capability in the Arctic direction, protect its sovereignty and territorial integrity, and normalise the situation and relations between Russia and the United States.

THE ACTIVITIES OF THE USA AND CHINA IN THE REGIONS OF THE WORLD, AFFECTING THE REALIZATION OF RUSSIA'S INTERESTS. Part 1: country interests and activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 149-166
Author(s):  
Dmitry V. Gordienko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact

The paper examines the interests of Russia, the United States and China in the regions of the world and identifies the priorities of Russia's activities in Europe, Central Asia and the Caucasus, the Asia-Pacific region, the Arctic, Africa, the Middle East and Latin America, their comparative assessment with the interests of the United States and China. An approach to assessing the impact of possible consequences of the activities of the United States and China on the realization of Russia's interests is proposed. This makes it possible to identify the priorities of the policy of the Russian Federation in various regions of the world. The results of the analysis can be used to substantiate recommendations to the military-political leadership of our country. It is concluded that the discrepancy between the interests of the United States and China is important for the implementation of the current economic and military policy of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals OFFENSIVE STRUCTURAL REALISM AND RUSSIAN EXPANSION IN THE ARCTIC

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon C. Halaychik
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Structural Realism ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Russian Government ◽  
The North ◽  
The Russian Federation

The Russian Federations drive to reestablish itself as a global power has severe security implications for the United States, its Arctic neighbors, and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization as a whole. The former Commander of United States Naval Forces Europe Admiral Mark Ferguson noted that the re-militarization of Russian security policy in the Arctic is one of the most significant developments in the twenty-first century adding that Russia is creating an “Arc of steel from the Arctic to the Mediterranean” (Herbst 2016, 166). Although the Russian Federation postulates its expansion into the Arctic is for purely economic means, the reality of the military hardware being placed in the region by the Russians tells otherwise. Implementation of military hardware such as anti-air defenses is contrary to the stipulated purposes of the Russian Government in the region. Therefore is the Russian Federation building strategic military bases in the Arctic to challenge the United States hegemony due to the mistreatment against the Russians by the United States and NATO after the collapse of the Soviet Union.

NATIONAL SECURITY CHALLENGES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE ARCTIC REGION

2020 ◽  
pp. 74-83
Author(s):  
Pavel A. Anisimov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Arctic Region

The article examines the main challenges to the national security of the Russian Federation in the Arctic region. In particular, the author analyzes the reasons for the behavioral patterns of Russia and the NATO countries in relation to the Arctic through the prism of a realistic paradigm in the theory of international relations. It is the comprehensive approach to the consideration of the Arctic situation that determines the novelty and relevance of the study. In connection with the discovery and development of large mineral deposits, the role of the Arctic region in modern world political processes has increased. Also, since the late 20th – early 21st century, the Arctic has been in the focus of increased attention of international actors due to its geopolitical importance. All this makes it a priority for Russia. The intensification of the economic activity of the Russian Federation in the Arctic, as well as the implementation of such projects as the Northern Sea Route, has become the cause of the growing tensions in the region. The United States and other NATO countries, whose geopolitical interests are affected, are not only strengthening their anti-Russian rhetoric, but also increasing their military presence. In turn, this is perceived by the Russian side as a strategic threat and leads to mirror measures, including the deployment of a military infrastructure and an increase in the number of military exercises. However, despite growing tensions in the Arctic, Russia has consistently demonstrated its readiness for open dialogue and cooperation with its Western partners.

scholarly journals The specificity of Russia’s chairmanship of the Arctic Council in 2021–2023

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Sofia Khusainova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Council ◽  
National Interests ◽  
The North ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Arctic Region

The subject of this research is the policy of the Russian Federation in the Arctic. The object is Russia’s chairmanship of the Arctic Council in 2021–2023. The author meticulously analyzes the positions of the state, taking into account national interests and peculiarities of the current international situation in the region. The article examines the domestic legislative acts adopted for regulation of the Arctic Region, as well as international documents aimed at sustainable development of the North. The conditions of collective security dictate moderate and clearly defined policy in the Arctic, which is the central arena for political action with the leading role of the Russian Federation until 2023. The conclusion is drawn that the Arctic Region is currently the most relevant vector of the policy of northern states. Chairmanship of the Russian Federation imposes enormous responsibility on the country, as despite the overall state of security in the region, there remains a range of unresolved issues. The attempts of institutionalization of the Arctic Council may become an implicit threat for the Russian Federation; this is why the systematization of domestic legislation and foreign policy actions on maintaining the health of ecosystem, cultural heritage, and environmental policy have become the priority vectors in the first year of Russia’s chairmanship. The overall responsibility of the leading actor the Arctic does not exclude the existence of classic threats to the security of state’s sovereignty, which requires accurate planning in subsequent years of the chairmanship.

scholarly journals NEW THREATS TO RUSSIA’S NATIONAL SECURITY IN THE ARCTIC: PROBLEMS OF COUNTERACTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 226 (6) ◽  
pp. 85-98
Author(s):  
VALERY P. ZHURAVEL ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Security ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article reveals real and potential threats to the national security of the Russian Federation in the Arctic region by the NATO. According to the author, these include: the strengthening of the military presence in the Arctic of the Arctic Ocean coastal States and other NATO countries; the increase in the combat capabilities of groups of coalition and national Armed Forces (Navy) of the United States and NATO; the development of naval-based missile defences and early warning systems; the expansion of the United States military satellite constellation to the Arctic; increased activity by the special services of foreign states in conducting intelligence activities in the Arctic and in the frontier territory of the Russian Federation; conduct of multinational military exercises and transfer of combat training areas to the Arctic; the desire of a number of foreign countries to give the Northern Sea Way the status of an international transport highway, and of the Norwegian leadership to change the status of Spitsbergen, to reduce and eventually completely displace the Russian Federation from the archipelago; increasing attempts to discredit the activities of the Russian Federation in the Arctic. The article discusses the measures of the Russian Federation to strengthen the defensive capability in the Arctic direction, paying special attention to the protection of its sovereignty and territorial integrity.

scholarly journals NATO Threat and National Security in the Arctic

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
Valery Zhuravel ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Arctic Council ◽  
European Continent ◽  
The North ◽  
Military Presence ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Balance Of Forces

The article reveals the real and potential threats to the national security of the Russian Federation in the Arctic region from the North Atlantic bloc. Special attention is paid to the study of the strengthening of the military presence in the Arctic of the Arctic states and other countries of the alliance, the main directions of discrediting the activities of the Russian Federation in the Arctic by our geopolitical opponents. The article analyzes the composition and direction of multinationnal military exercises that contribute to the growth of conflict potential in the region. It is noted that the North of Norway is becoming one of the most militarized regions of Scandinavia. It is concluded that the activation of NATO in the Far North can lead to a violation of the balance of forces and relations between states in the security sphere, negatively affect the course and results of the Russian presidency of the Arctic Council in 2021–2023.The measures of Russia to strengthen its defense capability in the Arctic direction, protect its sovereignty and territorial integrity are revealed. The importance of using the Recommendations of the participants of the expert dialogue on reducing the risks of military confrontation between Russia and NATO in Europe, which reflect specific measures to defuse military tensions on the European continent, including in the Arctic, is emphasized.

THE ACTIVITIES OF THE USA AND CHINA IN THE REGIONS OF THE WORLD, AFFECTING THE REALIZATION OF RUSSIA'S INTERESTS. PART 2: ACTIVITIES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA IN THE REGIONS OF THE WORLD

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (11) ◽  
pp. 164-179
Author(s):  
Dmitry V. Gordienko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Political Leadership ◽  
The United States ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact

The strategic and doctrinal documents of the United States, China and the Russian Feder-ation set out the views of the military and political leadership of these countries on how each country presents its main priorities in the field of foreign policy and ensuring global and regional security. This will allow us to formulate the interests of Russia, the United States and China. The paper examines the interests of Russia, the United States and China in the regions of the world and identifies the priorities of Russia's activities in Europe, Central Asia and the Caucasus, the Asia-Pacific region, the Arctic, Africa, the Middle East and Latin America, a comparative assessment with the interests of the United States and China. The proposed ap-proach to assessing the impact of the possible consequences of the activities of the United States and China on the realization of Russia's interests makes it possible to identify the priorities of the policy of the Russian Federation in various regions of the world. The results of the study can be used to substantiate recommenda-tions to the military-political leadership of our country. It is concluded that the discrepancy between the inter-ests of the United States and China is important for the implementation of the current economic and military policy of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals The Northern Sea Route: The Need and Prospects for Transit of Raw Materials

2020 ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
Aleksey Mikhailovich Khorev
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Current State ◽  
Northern Sea Route ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Near Future ◽  
The Arctic Region

The prospects and problems of using the Northern sea route for transportation of raw materials are examined. The author makes an attempt to study the current state of the Northern sea route as the most important transport corridor of the Arctic region, and analyzes the existing problems that reduce the economic efficiency of cargo transit along the NSR. The ways to improve the efficiency of transportation of raw materials along the Northern sea route are reviewed. The author assesses the importance of the Arctic region for the Russian Federation as a whole, as well as he points out the need for its development in the near future.

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