scholarly journals Thorwaldt’s Cyst: Management by Combined Endoscopic Approach and Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Essa Tawfeeq
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Incidental Finding ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Clinical Suspicion ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Neck Stiffness ◽  
Constrictor Muscle ◽  
Superior Constrictor ◽  
Pharyngeal Endoderm

Thornwaldt cysts occur in the midline bursa of the nasopharynx above the upper border of the superior constrictor muscle. They represent a communication between notochord remnants and the pharyngeal endoderm. It is usually asymptomatic unless an infection or obstruction occurs, then, a Thornwaldt's cyst might develop. It is relatively uncommon, with a prevalence rate of 0.2% to 4%. Due to its nonspecific symptoms, physician often misdiagnose thornwaldt cyst. It is usually diagnosed as an incidental finding on MRI. Surgical excision is the definitive treatment. This paper describes a case of thornwaldt cyst in a 39 years old gentleman presented with neck stiffness. It also includes a literature review that aids in the clinical suspicion, prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment of thornwald cyst.

scholarly journals Localized Bilateral Superior and Inferior Orbital Neurofibroma in the Absence of Neurofibromatosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Daniela Rojas-Correa ◽  
Álvaro Bengoa-González ◽  
Enrique Mencía-Gutiérrez ◽  
Aurelio Hernández-Laín ◽  
Elena Salvador ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidental Finding ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Sensory Nerves ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Orbital Mass ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors ◽  
Ocular Symptoms ◽  
The Right

Localized or isolated neurofibromas are peripheral nerve sheath tumors. They are rare in the orbit and occur without a systemic neurofibromatosis. There are few cases of bilateral tumors reported but none affecting both supraorbital and infraorbital nerves. We report a 45-year-old female who presented an extraconal mass in the right orbit as an incidental finding in a head computer tomography, without ocular symptoms. Magnetic resonance image showed a well-defined oval mass in the right supraorbital and infraorbital nerves, of similar characteristics, as well as smaller masses in the left supraorbital and infraorbital nerves. A progressive increase in size of the left supraorbital and infraorbital tumor motivated their surgical excision. The histological result was compatible with a neurofibroma. These uncommon orbital tumors are slow growing and affect the sensory nerves of the trigeminal nerve. Neurofibromas usually present progressive symptoms due to the orbital mass, proptosis, or visual changes although not in this case. Surgical removal is the only definitive treatment.

scholarly journals Intrathyroid parathyroid adenoma: report of two cases and literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 4096
Author(s):  
Camilo Levi Acuna Pinzon ◽  
Eduardo Morales Valencia ◽  
Jefferson Nieves Condoy ◽  
Luis Abraham Zuniga Vasquez ◽  
Arturo Jorge Sotelo
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Primary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Parathyroid Adenoma ◽  
Clinical Suspicion ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Preoperative Period ◽  
Imaging Studies ◽  
High Clinical Suspicion ◽  
Parathyroid Adenomas ◽  
Ectopic Parathyroid

Approximately 80% of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism have a parathyroid adenoma, with surgery being the only definitive treatment. Sometimes in surgery there is difficulty in identifying the pathological parathyroid gland at which time the possibility of ectopic parathyroid should be considered. We present two cases of patients which after hemithyroidectomy histopathological report, reported intrathyroid parathyroid adenoma. Intrathyroid parathyroid adenomas are an infrequent presentation of parathyroid adenomas that require high clinical suspicion if they are not detected by imaging studies in the preoperative period.

scholarly journals Scrotal calculi with delayed urethroscrotal fistula: a rare case presentation with literature review

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 2225
Author(s):  
Ramesh K. Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Clinical Suspicion ◽  
Scrotal Skin ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Scrotal Swelling ◽  
Urethral Stone

Scrotal calculi are not so common entity in the clinical presentation. Scrotourethral fistula is an abnormal communication between scrotal skin and the urethra, usually result of the inflammation and due to perforation by urethral calculi and sometimes iatrogenic due to surgery done for urethral stone removal or uretheroplasty. We present here a very rare case of young adult gentleman who initially presented with a scrotal swelling, turned out into scrotal calculi while doing surgical excision, later on presented as uretheroscrotal fistula that managed conservatively. After going through the available literature and through the pub med articles (approx 148 articles while searching with titles of ‘scrotal calculi’, ‘scrotourethral fistula’, ‘uretherocutaneous fistula’) we found only 1-2 cases of scrotourethral fistula. A high index of clinical suspicion and examination is needed to diagnose such asymptomatic rare presentation cases.

Abdominal catecholamine producing paragangliomas: A rare disease

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 14144-14144
Author(s):  
R. Karras ◽  
A. Sardi
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Incidental Finding ◽  
Preoperative Evaluation ◽  
Plasma Catecholamines ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Cat Scan ◽  
Efficacious Treatment ◽  
Abdominal Masses ◽  
Alpha Blockade ◽  
History Of

14144 Background: Paragangliomas are rare extra-adrenal neuroendocrine tumors of chromaffin cells. It is estimated that 90 percent of paragangliomas are intra-abdominal. 50% of which are catecholamine secreting. Patients with abdominal masses are not routinely screened. A literature review and our experience is reported. Methods: A retrospective literature review of 85 cases reported over the past 26 years are discussed with regard to age, gender, clinical presentation, catecholamine status, preoperative evaluation, clinical course and outcome. Additionally, a review of compiled data from 1997 to 2005 identified 4 cases at our institution. Results: Males numbered 57.3% of the cases reviewed. The mean age was 57.9 years (range 11–76). The primary site of tumor included: 42 retroperitoneal, 44 intra-abdominal and 1 multifocal. 61/89 (68.5%) reported elevated urine and/or plasma catecholamines. Clinical presentations included, abdominal pain (10%), hematuria (3%), and a history of hypertension (46%). Only one case presented as an incidental finding. Primary work-up consisted of a CT scan in 86/89 (96.6%) of cases. Tumor size ranged from 1.2 cm to 25 cm. CAT scan preceded appropriate medical therapy with alpha blockade, and subsequent surgical excision via laparoscopy, laparotomy and one case of ERCP. Of the 63 cases which reported follow-up, 2 patients developed metastatic disease, 1 patient had unresolved hypertension and 60 were disease free. Conclusions: This retrospective review demonstrates the importance of pre-operative screening for safe and efficacious treatment of patients with paragangliomas. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Monitoring enlarged dental follicles: case report and literature review of an unusual presentation of a unicystic ameloblastoma

Dental Update ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 564-569
Author(s):  
Lily Long ◽  
Jasveen Matharu ◽  
Sunil Sah
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Pathological Fracture ◽  
Incidental Finding ◽  
Third Molar ◽  
Dental Follicle ◽  
Odontogenic Tumour ◽  
Unicystic Ameloblastoma ◽  
Dental Practitioners ◽  
Unerupted Teeth

An ameloblastoma is a benign, yet locally aggressive odontogenic tumour. The vast majority (80%) of ameloblastomas arise in the mandible, and unicystic ameloblastomas are commonly found in relation to an unerupted lower third molar. We present the case of a 39-year-old patient with an incidental finding of an enlarged dental follicle around an unerupted lower third molar that progressed to an extensive unicystic ameloblastoma. This ameloblastoma was decompressed and marsupialized before enucleation to reduce the risk of pathological fracture due to the extensive size of the tumour. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The case is relevant to general dental practitioners when considering monitoring dental follicles of unerupted teeth because the enlarged dental follicle described progressed to an extensive odontogenic tumour.

TAMI-01. BRAIN METASTASES: CURRENT LITERATURE REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi198-vi198
Author(s):  
Ruchi Raval ◽  
Aadi Pandya ◽  
Jaspreet Behl ◽  
Sumul Raval
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Brain Metastases ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Anticoagulation Therapy ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
The Body ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Cancer Breast ◽  
The Brain

Abstract PURPOSE As more information is gathered about brain metastases, it still remains that the current prognosis of brain metastases is very poor. Due to this, it is imperative that physicians are aware of the most important components regarding brain metastases. This literature review will encompass the most current literature in order to highlight the most crucial information. METHODS All mentioned studies and literature reviews cited in the paper were obtained through various sites, and were published between 1996 and 2017. The main components that were required from the papers reviewed included where in the body the brain metastases originated from, where in the brain they tended to spread to, what the signs and symptoms typical of patients with brain metastases are, and what the options are in terms of treatment. RESULTS Using the results from a variety of studies performed within the past three decades, it is apparent that brain metastases most commonly originate from, in order of increasing frequency, lung cancer, breast cancer, melanoma, and colorectal cancer. In addition, it is reaffirmed that the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the best diagnostic tool to be used when dealing with brain metastases. The most frequent signs and symptoms of a brain metastases include cognitive changes, headaches, weakness, and seizures. Finally, supportive treatment includes use of corticosteroids, antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), and anticoagulation therapy. Definitive treatment for brain metastases varies based on size, location, and prevalence in the brain, but the most effective options include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery. CONCLUSIONS The study’s results confirm the need for more research to be done regarding brain metastases, and better options to increase the survival of patients.

scholarly journals Preoperative Cyanoacrylate Embolization of Venous Malformations

2018 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. 042-050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Monroe ◽  
Rush Chewning ◽  
Kevin Koo ◽  
Giri Shivaram
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Surgical Margin ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Incomplete Resection ◽  
Venous Malformations ◽  
Cyanoacrylate Glue ◽  
Multiple Treatment ◽  
Percutaneous Sclerotherapy

AbstractPercutaneous sclerotherapy and standalone surgical excision have historically been the mainstay of treatment for pediatric venous malformations (VMs). However, both approaches have significant limitations. Sclerotherapy often requires multiple treatment sessions, with each round adding additional procedural and anesthetic risks as well as radiation exposure. Standalone surgical excision of VMs can be complicated by high-volume blood loss, and indistinct lesion margins can lead to incomplete resection, resulting in recurrence. An alternative to these approaches is percutaneous cyanoacrylate glue embolization followed by immediate surgical excision, a single-stage procedure that allows for better surgical margin definition and reduced intraoperative blood loss, potentially leading to more definitive treatment. The authors describe the interventional radiology aspects of this combined procedure, emphasizing materials preparation and embolization technique.

scholarly journals Endometriosis of Rectus Muscle Excised During Cesarean Section: A Case Report and Literature Review

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Recep Erin ◽  
Kübra Baki Erin ◽  
Derya Burkankulu Ağırbaş ◽  
Burcu Kemal Okatan
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Pregnant Woman ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Rectus Muscle ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Abdominal Wall Endometriosis ◽  
Subcutaneous Mass

<p>We aimed to present a case with abdominal wall endometriosis following cesarean section in this case report. <br />A 32 year old 39 weeks pregnant woman with G2P1 was admitted to gynaecology clinic with abdominal lump and pain in the midline. Her physical examination included a hard and painful palpable subcutaneous mass of 4x5 cm size in the midline of the abdomen which was semisolid and irreducible. <br />Under general anesthesia, the mass on the rectus muscle was excised with the healthy tissue around with the diagnosis of endometriosis during cesarean section and the pathological diagnosis was reported as endometriosis.<br />Surgical excision is the best treatment method in abdominal wall endometriosis. <br /><br /></p>

Bouveret syndrome: a rare form of gallstone ileus

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. e238126
Author(s):  
Don Haering ◽  
Mattie Murphy ◽  
John Craig ◽  
Gavin A Falk
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Incidental Finding ◽  
Gallstone Ileus ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Abdominal Radiograph ◽  
Quadrant Pain ◽  
Abdominal Ct Scan ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bouveret Syndrome ◽  
High Index Of Suspicion

A 57-year-old woman presented with a 5-day history of worsening right upper quadrant pain, bilious emesis and approximately 20 pounds of weight loss. The patient was afebrile, without jaundice and had mild tenderness in her right upper quadrant. She noted an incidental finding of asymptomatic cholelithiasis on imaging 4 years earlier. An abdominal radiograph revealed pneumobilia and a large ectopic calculus. An abdominal CT scan confirmed pneumobilia, a large concretion completely obstructing the third portion of the duodenum and a soft tissue communication between the gallbladder and proximal duodenum. She was brought to the operating room for definitive treatment and had the obstructing gallstone removed via a transverse duodenotomy. Bouveret syndrome is a rare cause of small bowel obstruction that requires a high index of suspicion for diagnosis. It should be considered in older patients with clinical evidence of gastric or duodenal obstruction, particularly with a history of cholelithiasis.

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