scholarly journals Linking child travel routes and routine health data

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Mizen ◽  
Sarah Rodgers ◽  
Richard Fry ◽  
Ronan Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Data Linkage ◽  
Routine Data ◽  
Environmental Exposures ◽  
Health Data ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Natural Experiments ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Household Level

ABSTRACTObjectivesLinking routinely collected health and environment data can allow for large scale evaluations of how our environment impacts our health. Our data linkage approach advances previous research where residence-based environmental exposures were anonymously linked in the SAIL databank using Residential Anonymous Linking Fields (RALFs). The dose-response relationship between exposure to food and dietary intake has not been widely investigated. Previous research found conflicting views on whether increased environmental exposure to unhealthy food contributes to higher BMIs. This may have been due to different methodological approaches, including imprecise exposures, small numbers, and the use of self-reported BMIs. ApproachThis investigation calculated food exposure environments for routes from all homes to and from school. A Geographic Information System was used to calculate the environmental exposures along all potential routes up to a maximum age-appropriate walking distance from each school. Once within the SAIL databank we selected relevant routes using linked demographic and pupil datasets. To maintain privacy, the primary (doctoral) researcher generating the environmental exposures, did not have access to the final household-level exposure data in their identifiable form. The researcher automated their method so a second researcher could run the GIS analysis. Accuracy of modelled exposures will be compared with actual routes collected from GPS traces of children walking to school. ResultsRemoving access to the final identifiable household-level route exposures enabled the primary researcher to complete analysis on the combined household and individual-level data within the secure environment. The environmental exposures were linked with routine health data from the SAIL databank; including BMI as an indicator of obesity. BMI data for 4-5 year olds, and a sample of 1300 13-14 year olds were linked to associated environmental exposures. ConclusionDepending on modelled accuracy, a GIS and data linkage approach may allow the investigation of natural experiments and intervention evaluation at the scale of the total population. This is the first step towards anonymously modelling part of the daily exposure environment using routine data. A limitation is the lack of routinely collected BMI data for older children and teenagers an age when they are more likely to have the option to choose to buy food on the school route. This work will have many potential applications, including the delivery and evaluation of multiple school and workplace commuting interventions.

scholarly journals A large-scale intervention to introduce orange sweet potato in rural Mozambique increases vitamin A intakes among children and women

2011 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Hotz ◽  
Cornelia Loechl ◽  
Alan de Brauw ◽  
Patrick Eozenou ◽  
Daniel Gilligan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Training Model ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Effectiveness Study ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Production And Consumption

β-Carotene-rich orange sweet potato (OSP) has been shown to improve vitamin A status of infants and young children in controlled efficacy trials and in a small-scale effectiveness study with intensive exposure to project inputs. However, the potential of this important food crop to reduce the risk of vitamin A deficiency in deficient populations will depend on the ability to distribute OSP vines and promote its household production and consumption on a large scale. In rural Mozambique, we conducted a randomised, controlled effectiveness study of a large-scale intervention to promote household-level OSP production and consumption using integrated agricultural, demand creation/behaviour change and marketing components. The following two intervention models were compared: a low-intensity (1 year) and a high-intensity (nearly 3 years) training model. The primary nutrition outcomes were OSP and vitamin A intakes by children 6–35 months and 3–5·5 years of age, and women. The intervention resulted in significant net increases in OSP intakes (model 1: 46, 48 and 97 g/d) and vitamin A intakes (model 1: 263, 254 and 492 μg retinol activity equivalents/d) among the younger children, older children and women, respectively. OSP accounted for 47–60 % of all sweet potato consumed and, among reference children, provided 80 % of total vitamin A intakes. A similar magnitude of impact was observed for both models, suggesting that group-level trainings in nutrition and agriculture could be limited to the first project year without compromising impact. Introduction of OSP to rural, sweet potato-producing communities in Mozambique is an effective way to improve vitamin A intakes.

scholarly journals Revealing the Challenges of Smart Rainwater Harvesting for Integrated and Digital Resilience of Urban Water Infrastructure

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 1902
Author(s):  
Martin Oberascher ◽  
Aun Dastgir ◽  
Jiada Li ◽  
Sina Hesarkazzazi ◽  
Mohsen Hajibabaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Coupled Systems ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
System Failures ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
Smart Water

Smart rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems can automatically release stormwater prior to rainfall events to increase detention capacity on a household level. However, impacts and benefits of a widespread implementation of these systems are often unknown. This works aims to investigate the effect of a large-scale implementation of smart RWH systems on urban resilience by hypothetically retrofitting an Alpine municipality with smart rain barrels. Smart RWH systems represent dynamic systems, and therefore, the interaction between the coupled systems RWH units, an urban drainage network (UDN) and digital infrastructure is critical for evaluating resilience against system failures. In particular, digital parameters (e.g., accuracy of weather forecasts, or reliability of data communication) can differ from an ideal performance. Therefore, different digital parameters are varied to determine the range of uncertainties associated with smart RWH systems. As the results demonstrate, smart RWH systems can further increase integrated system resilience but require a coordinated integration into the overall system. Additionally, sufficient consideration of digital uncertainties is of great importance for smart water systems, as uncertainties can reduce/eliminate gained performance improvements. Moreover, a long-term simulation should be applied to investigate resilience with digital applications to reduce dependence on boundary conditions and rainfall patterns.

scholarly journals Privacy, security, and the public health researcher in the era of electronic health record research

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neal D Goldstein ◽  
Anand D Sarwate
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Data Privacy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Health Data ◽  
Shared Responsibility ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Researcher ◽  
Public Health Researcher ◽  
Electronic Health

Health data derived from electronic health records are increasingly utilized in large-scale population health analyses. Going hand in hand with this increase in data is an increasing number of data breaches. Ensuring privacy and security of these data is a shared responsibility between the public health researcher, collaborators, and their institutions. In this article, we review the requirements of data privacy and security and discuss epidemiologic implications of emerging technologies from the computer science community that can be used for health data. In order to ensure that our needs as researchers are captured in these technologies, we must engage in the dialogue surrounding the development of these tools.

scholarly journals Planting the S.E.E.D.S of Indigenous Population Health Data Linkage

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn K Rowe ◽  
Jennifer D Walker
Keyword(s):  
Population Health ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Health Care Policy ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Data Linkage ◽  
Indigenous Health ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Health Data ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Data Stewardship

IntroductionThe increasing accessibility of data through digitization and linkage has resulted in Indigenous and allied individuals, scholars, practitioners, and data users recognizing a need to advance ways that assert Indigenous sovereignty and governance within data environments. Advances are being talked about around the world for how Indigenous data is collected, used, stored, shared, linked, and analysed. Objectives and ApproachDuring the International Population Data Linkage Network Conference in September of 2018, two sessions were hosted and led by international collaborators that focused on regional Indigenous health data linkage. Notes, discussions, and artistic contributions gathered from the conference led to collaborative efforts to highlight the common approaches to Indigenous data linkage, as discussed internationally. This presentation will share the braided culmination of these discussions and offer S.E.E.D.S as a set of guiding Indigenous data linkage principles. ResultsS.E.E.D.S emerges as a living and expanding set of guiding principles that: 1) prioritizes Indigenous Peoples’ right to Self-determination; 2) makes space for Indigenous Peoples to Exercise sovereignty; 3) adheres to Ethical protocols; 4) acknowledges and respects Data stewardship and governance, and; 5) works to Support reconciliation between Indigenous Peoples and settler states. S.E.E.D.S aims to centre and advance Indigenous-driven population data linkage and research while weaving together common global approaches to Indigenous data linkage. Conclusion / ImplicationsEach of the five elements of S.E.E.D.S interweave and need to be enacted together to create a positive Indigenous data linkage environment. When implemented together, the primary goals of the S.E.E.D.S Principles is to guide positive Indigenous population health data linkage in an effort to create more meaningful research approaches through improved Indigenous-based research processes. The implementation of these principles can, in turn, lead to better measurements of health progress that are critical to enhancing health care policy and improving health and wellness outcomes for Indigenous populations.

scholarly journals Involving the Public in Data Linkage Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mhairi Aitken ◽  
Annette Braunack-Mayer ◽  
Felicity Flack ◽  
Kimberlyn M McGrail ◽  
Michael Burgess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Engagement ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Consensus Statement ◽  
Data Linkage ◽  
Health Data ◽  
Advisory Council ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Plain Language ◽  
The Public ◽  
Data Intensive

Introduction“The Consensus Statement on Public Involvement and Engagement with Data-Intensive Health Research”, recent data breaches, and growing public awareness and controversy associated with secondary use of health data all highlight the need to understand what data sharing the public will support, under what circumstances, for what purposes and with whom. Objectives and ApproachThis symposium explores methods and findings from public engagement at all stages of data linkage research, beginning with short presentations (~6-8 minutes) on recent work: Mhairi Aitken: Consensus Statement - principles and an application using deliberative workshops to explore public expectations of public benefits from data-intensive health research Annette Braunack-Mayer/Felicity Flack: Surveys and citizens’ juries: Sharing government data with private industry Kim McGrail/Mike Burgess: Public deliberations on cross-sector data linkage, and combining public and private sources of data Alison Paprica: Plain language communication informed by Health Data Research Network Canada’s Public Advisory Council. Half the session will be spent interacting with the audience through live polling. The moderator will post a series of poll question such as “What is the most important thing for meaningful public engagement?” to prompt audience thinking on the topic. After the audience responses are revealed, panelists will share their own views about what they think is the best answer, and the main reason(s) behind their choice. The last 10-15 minutes of the session will be reserved for Q&A and dialogue with the audience. ResultsWe anticipate that this approach will surface emerging and tacit knowledge from presenters and the audience, and augment that through generative discussion. Conclusion / ImplicationsSession attendees will leave with a better understanding of the current state of knowledge and ways to talk about that understanding with other researchers, policy makers and the public.

scholarly journals Eat or Throw Away? Factors Differentiating High Food Wasters from Low Food Wasters

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 10741
Author(s):  
Ovidija Eičaitė ◽  
Gitana Alenčikienė ◽  
Ingrida Pauliukaitytė ◽  
Alvija Šalaševičienė
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Impulse Buying ◽  
High Food ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Sample Data

More than half of food waste is generated at the household level, and therefore, it is important to tackle and attempt to solve the problem of consumer food waste. This study aimed to identify factors differentiating high food wasters from low food wasters. A large-scale survey was conducted in Lithuania. A total of 1001 respondents had participated in this survey and were selected using a multi-stage probability sample. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. Binary logistic regression modelling was used to analyse the effect of socio-demographics, food-related behaviours, attitudes towards food waste, and knowledge of date labelling on levels of food waste. Impulse buying, inappropriate food preparation practices, non-consumption of leftovers, lack of concern about food waste, and worry about food poisoning were related to higher food waste. On the other hand, correct planning practices and knowledge of date labelling were related to lower food waste. The findings of this study have practical implications for designing interventions aimed at reducing consumer food waste.

scholarly journals Application of A Framework to Guide Policy on Healthcare Resource Allocation Decisions to Data Linkage Projects

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Olver
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Data Linkage ◽  
Health Data ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Policy Decisions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Resource Allocation ◽  
Allocation Decisions ◽  
Resource Allocation Decisions

IntroductionData linkage of population data sets often across jurisdictions or linking health data sets or health data with non-health data often involves balancing ethical principles such as privacy with beneficence as represented by the public good. Similar ethical dilemmas occur in health resource allocation decisions. The NHMRC have published a framework to guide policy on health resource allocation decisions that could be applied to ensure the justification of data linkage projects that is defensible as in the interest of the public good. Objectives and ApproachThe four main conditions for legitimacy of policy decisions about access to healthcare in a democracy with a public health system and limited resources wereexamined for their relevance to decisions about the use of public data and linking data sets. ResultsPublic policy decisions must be defensible and responsive to the interests of those affected. Decision-makers should articulate their reasoning and recommendations so that citizens can judge them. While the context of policy decisions will differ, their legitimacy depends upon (1) the transparency of the reasoning which should be free from conflicts of interest, the basis for decisions recorded and report widely, (2) the accountability of the decision-makers to the wider community, (3) the testability of the evidence used to inform the decision-making, which usually means that it will stand up to independent review and(4) the inclusive recognition of those the decision affects which often requires that the implications for disadvantaged groups are considered, even if they can’t always be accommodated. These conditions are interrelated but ensure that the good of society in general and not just specific dominant groups are accommodated. Conclusion / ImplicationsIt these principles are applied to decisions about data linkage projects they have clear applicability in society accepting data linkage projects having balanced the good against the ethical risks involved.

Normative Sexual Behavior in Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 456-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
William N. Friedrich ◽  
Patricia Grambsch ◽  
Daniel Broughton ◽  
James Kuiper ◽  
Robert L. Beilke
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Community Based ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family Variables ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Internalizing And Externalizing

A large-scale, community-based survey was done to assess the frequency of a wide variety of sexual behaviors in normal preadolescent children and to measure the relationship of these behaviors to age, gender, and socioeconomic and family variables. A sample of 880 2-through 12-year-old children screened to exclude those with a history of sexual abuse were rated by their mothers using several questionnaire measures. The frequency of different behaviors varied widely, with more aggressive sexual behaviors and behaviors imitative of adults being rare. Older children (both boys and girls) were less sexual than younger children. Sexuality was found to be related to the level of general behavior problems, as measured by the Achenbach Internalizing and Externalizing T scores and to a measure of family nudity. It was not related to socioeconomic variables.

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