scholarly journals Maintaining social care provision in the context of financial austerity

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarunkorn Chotvijit ◽  
Malkiat Thiarai ◽  
Stephen A Jarvis
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Service Planning ◽  
City Council ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Vulnerable Children ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Provision Of Services ◽  
Using Data

There is significant national interest in tackling issues surrounding the needs of vulnerable children and adults. At the same time, UK cities are under significant financial strain, as local government financial settlements (the distribution of central government resources) decrease in real terms and yet urban populations, which draw on local government services, continue to grow. This study focusses on the city of Birmingham, the UK’s largest and most populous city outside of London. In a data-led study, using data derived from personal social care records, we analyse the management and delivery of social care services by Birmingham City Council, which itself is the largest local authority in Europe. This research employs state-of-the-art data analytic techniques to analyse six years of Birmingham City Council social care data, to identify: (i) Service cost profiles over time; (ii) Geographic dimensions to service demand and delivery; (iii) Patterns in the provision of services, which may assist with future service planning and provision, and (iv) The extent to which data value and data protection interact. In response to recent fiscal challenges, Birmingham City Council is expected to make savings of £815 million over the 9-year period 2011/12 to 2019/20. Delivering savings of this scale, whilst protecting and safeguarding the most vulnerable citizens within a growing urban population, is one of the biggest challenges facing the UK’s second largest city.

scholarly journals Balancing information governance obligations when accessing social care data for collaborative research

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 194-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malkiat Thiarai ◽  
Sarunkorn Chotvijit ◽  
Stephen Jarvis
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Research ◽  
Social Care ◽  
City Council ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Vulnerable Children ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Legal Obligations ◽  
Information Governance ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Data Analytic

Purpose There is significant national interest in tackling issues surrounding the needs of vulnerable children and adults. This paper aims to argue that much value can be gained from the application of new data-analytic approaches to assist with the care provided to vulnerable children. This paper highlights the ethical and information governance issues raised in the development of a research project that sought to access and analyse children’s social care data. Design/methodology/approach The paper documents the process involved in identifying, accessing and using data held in Birmingham City Council’s social care system for collaborative research with a partner organisation. This includes identifying the data, its structure and format; understanding the Data Protection Act 1998 and 2018 (DPA) exemptions that are relevant to ensure that legal obligations are met; data security and access management; the ethical and governance approval process. Findings The findings will include approaches to understanding the data, its structure and accessibility tasks involved in addressing ethical and legal obligations and requirements of the ethical and governance processes. Originality/value The aim of this research is to highlight the potential use of use new data-analytic techniques to examine the flow of children’s social care data from referral, through the assessment process, to the resulting service provision. Data held by Birmingham City Council are used throughout, and this paper highlights key ethical and information governance issues which were addressed in preparing and conducting the research. The findings provide insight for other data-led studies of a similar nature.

scholarly journals Current trends in debt policy of city councils and directions of its improvement

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-67
Author(s):  
S. Boyko ◽  
O. Dragan ◽  
K. Tkachenko
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Fiscal Decentralization ◽  
City Council ◽  
Government Bonds ◽  
City Councils ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Ministry Of Finance ◽  
Central Government Agencies ◽  
Debt Policy

The need to rethink the role of urban debt policy in accordance with the growing needs of urban communities and their sustainable socio-economic development is identified. In Ukraine, the legal preconditions for the formation of cities' own debt policy and the implementation of borrowing in both domestic and foreign nancial markets. The current state of local budgets and decentralization processes only highlight the need for cities to develop debt policy. The formation of the institution of local borrowings in Ukraine is analyzed and an in-depth analysis of borrowings of city councils in 2014-2019 is carried out with the definition of three periods: 2014-2015 - increase in borrowed funds, but such borrowings were formed mainly due to debt activity of Kyiv City Council domestic local bonds; 2016–2017 - decrease in the amount of borrowed funds, which occurred under the inÀuence of macroeconomic, political and fiscal instability; 2018-2019 - resumption of debt activity of city councils that had experience of borrowing in the previous, relatively analyzed, period and diversification of forms of local borrowing. Based on the cluster analysis, the main characteristics of the modern debt policy of city councils of Ukraine, which is based on the di൵erentiation of city councils-borrowers, are determined. The main borrower remains the Kyiv City Council (the share was about 67%), the activity of borrowings was noted in the following city councils: Zaporizhia, Dnipro, Lviv, Odessa, Ivano-Frankivsk. It is established that the debt policy of city councils is based on raising funds from NEFCO, state-owned banks and the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine. Improving the debt policy of city councils of Ukraine should be based on the synergy of actions of central government agencies: (Ministry of Finance of Ukraine, Debt Agency of Ukraine, NBU, National securities and stock market commission (NSSMC)Financial Control Ofice, etc.) and city councils. Vectors for improving the debt policy of city councils should be an integral part of the Strategy for the Development of the Financial Sector of Ukraine until 2025 and meet its key strategic goals and directions. Key words: debt policy, local debt, local borrowings, domestic local government bonds, external local government bonds, fiscal decentralization.

Sex workers access to health and social care services: A social justice response

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-348
Author(s):  
Leigh-Ann Sweeney ◽  
Leonard Taylor ◽  
Michal Molcho
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Sex Work ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Sex Industry ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
Provision Of Services

This research explores service providers’ views on the barriers that prevent women in the sex work industry in Ireland from accessing co-ordinated health services. A purposive sample of eight service providers in the field of women’s health and social care in the West of Ireland were selected and interviewed for this study. The service providers were asked about their perception of the barriers of sex workers accessing health and social care services. Using thematic analysis, three key themes were identified: (1) lack of knowledge of women’s involvement in sex work; (2) identified barriers to health services; and (3) legislative and policy barriers to providing supportive services. While the service providers acknowledged that they do not knowingly provide services for sex workers, they all recognise that some of their service users are at risk of, and potentially are, involved in sex work. Yet, they were able to identify some of the barriers sex workers face when accessing their services. All these barriers were the result to the services’ limited capacity to support women engaging in sex work. At the time of data collection, the legislative context meant that selling sex under certain conditions was outside the law. This study highlights the consequences that criminalisation can have on the health of sex workers and the need for a paradigm shift in existing health and social care services. In this paper, we propose that a social justice rather than a criminal justice approach has the potential to address sex workers’ right to access appropriate health care. This paper gives due recognition to marginalised women, and advocates for better provision of services for women in the sex industry, while considering the new legislation of 2017.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KONFIGURASI PAJAK DAERAH DI KOTA DEPOK (T AHUN 2000 - 2004)

2009 ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Eka Sri Sunarti
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Local Taxes ◽  
The Law ◽  
Local Budget ◽  
Using Data ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

AbstrakThis research focuses on four questions and purposes, namely; (a) the greatof contribution of the local original income (PAD) to the Local Budget(APBD); (b) the great of contribution of the local taxes to the Local OriginalIncome (PAD); (c) variation of collecting different kinds of local taxes onany district in Depok City, and (d) the factors having impact on suchvariation. The research in Depok City in the consideration of the City statutehas just been given in the beginning of the effective of the Law No. 22 of1999 concerning Local Government and the Law No. 25 of 1999 on theFinance Balance between the Central Government and Local Government.This research is a qualitative research using data in five years period, from2000 until 2004. The data variations are limited on 2004. The secondarydata has been obtained through document studies such as local budget,annual report, local regulations and local monograph. The research resultsshow that the contribution of local original income (PAD) to the local budgetis still small. In this case means that Depok City is depending on centralgovernment's grant to carry out its services and society's development. Theother finding shows that the contribution of the local original income (PAD)resembles the contribution of the local original income (PAD). This casemeans that public service is unable to be fully carried out yet as expected bythe Law No. 22 of 1999 on Local Government. Beside that it is found thevariation of income on different tax among districts as the impact of thevariation of the district potential and condition of human resources workingat the Office of Local Income. Based on the research results, it isrecommended that it is necessary to make intensification rather thanextensification to the collection of local taxes and conduct a research on theperformance of human resources working at the Office of Local Income inDepok City.

scholarly journals Impact of Fiscal Decentralisation on Human Development: A Case Study of Pakistan

2010 ◽  
Vol 49 (4II) ◽  
pp. 513-530
Author(s):  
Rashid Mehmood ◽  
Sara Sadiq
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The People ◽  
Provision Of Services ◽  
Fiscal Decentralisation ◽  
Efficient Allocations ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
National Governments

Fiscal decentralisation refers to the transfer of authority and responsibility from central government to sub-national or the local government. It is mostly pre-assumed that fiscal decentralisation can play important role in the efficient allocations of resources and improvement of the political, economic and social activities. Many studies unlock the relationship between federal government and sub-national governments or local government. Fiscal decentralisation theories mostly based on Richard Musgrave’s (1939) functions of government. He defined three roles: stabilisation, allocation and distribution whereas, only the allocation function seems to be appropriate to fiscal decentralisation theory. Because these three functions are not equally suitable for all level of governments and it is necessary for efficiency that each function is properly matched to the level. It is a step forward towards more responsive and efficient governance if the decentralisation is done properly [Oates (1972)]. The logic behind fiscal decentralisation is accountability and efficiency; the smaller organisations are more fragile for accountability than the larger ones. However, decentralisation has not always been effective in the provision of service delivery and hardly accountable due to lack of community participation. If there is no spill over effects and in the absence of diseconomies of scale it could be effective and efficient. The sub-national governments where the externalities are internalised and scale economies are acceptable fiscal responsibilities should be assigned [Rodden, et al. (2003)]. The sub-national governments are much closer to the people and they are better informed to respond according to their demands of goods and services [Hayek (1945); Qian and Weingast (1997)]. Service deliveries are highly dependent on transfers from central governments. It is necessary to increase the revenue autonomy of sub-national governments and it is linked with the service delivery in social sector [Elhiraika (2007)]. Lower level of governments is closer to the people and much aware of the preferences of localities. Service deliveries should be located at the lowest level because decentralised provision of services increases the economic welfare [Oates (1999)].

scholarly journals An analysis of the effects of equalisation funds on service delivery in selected local authorities in Zambia

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanson Chishimba ◽  
Eustarckio Kazonga ◽  
Evaristo Nsenduluka
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Income Taxes ◽  
City Council ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Property Owners ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Self Help Groups

Background: The government of the Republic of Zambia established the Local Government Equalisation Fund, to which each year parliament appropriates not less than 5% of the total amount of projected income taxes collected for the republic for that financial year. The purpose of the fund is to provide a source of financing for service delivery.Aim: The goal of this study was to analyse the effects of equalisation funds on service delivery in selected local authorities in Zambia.Setting: The study focused on Lusaka City Council, Luanshya Municipal Council and Chisamba and Luangwa town councils in Zambia.Methods: A concurrent mixed-methods approach was used. The population comprised registered property owners and council officials in the selected districts. The sample was drawn using stratified sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires and analysed by using descriptive statistics and regression analysis using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. Qualitative data were analysed using a narrative approach.Results: The expenditure composition of the equalisation funds shows that expenditure on personal emoluments accounts for a greater proportion than capital and service expenditure. There were similarities and differences in the methods of service delivery among local authorities: the use of local government enterprise, contracting out, franchises, volunteers, self-help groups and in-house provision.Conclusion: There is lack of satisfactory adherence to the guidelines on utilisation of equalisation funds for service delivery as espoused by the central government. The local authorities studied do not adhere to the prescribed guidelines on the utilisation of equalisation funds.

A New Era for Social Policy: A New Enlightenment or a New Leviathan?

1991 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard Glennerster ◽  
Anne Power ◽  
Tony Travers
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Common Elements ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
New Era ◽  
Care Services ◽  
The Social ◽  
Housing Estates

ABSTRACTA succession of Acts of Parliament passed between 1988 and 1990 mark the most decisive break in British social policy since the period between 1944 and 1948. This paper examines the extent to which common principles underlie this legislation. One of the most important common elements has been the reduction in the powers of local government and in the presumption that local authorities should be the main providers of social welfare outside the social security system. Schools, housing estates and social care services are to be given greater powers to run themselves or to become separate organisations. Local authorities are to use their resources to fund and contract with external agencies. The possible outcomes of this change in governance are discussed.

OPTIMALISASI PERAN PEMDA DALAM MENGATASI KENDALA PELAKSANAAN KONSERVASI KEANEKARAGAMAN HAYATI DI DAERAH (STUDI KASUS PROVINSI BENGKULU)

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antung Deddy Radiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Conservation Areas ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Conservation Policies

Gaps in biodiversity conservation management within the Conservation Area that are the responsibility of the central government and outside the Conservation Areas or as the Essential Ecosystems Area (EEA) which are the authority of the Regional Government, have caused various spatial conflicts between wildlife /wild plants and land management activities. Several obstacles faced by the Local Government to conduct its authority to manage (EEA), caused the number and area of EEA determined by the Local Government to be still low. At present only 703,000 ha are determined from the 67 million ha indicated by EEA. This study aims to overview biodiversity conservation policies by local governments and company perceptions in implementing conservation policies and formulate strategies for optimizing the role of Local Governments. From the results of this study, there has not been found any legal umbrella for the implementation of Law number 23/ 2014 related to the conservation of important ecosystems in the regions. This regulatory vacuum leaves the local government in a dilemma for continuing various conservation programs. By using a SWOT to the internal strategic environment and external stratetegic environment of the Environment and Forestry Service, Bengkulu Province , as well as using an analysis of company perceptions of the conservation policies regulatary , this study has been formulated a “survival strategy” through collaboration between the Central Government, Local Governments and the Private Sector to optimize the role of Local Government’s to establish EEA in the regions.Keywords: Management gaps, Essential Ecosystems Area (EEA), Conservation Areas, SWOT analysis and perception analysis

PERIMBANGAN KEUANGAN ANTARA PEMERINTAH PUSAT DENGAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH DALAM PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN DAERAH

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Edward Hutagalung
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Fiscal Capacity ◽  
Regional Autonomy ◽  
The Public ◽  
Delegation Of Authority ◽  
Regional Authority ◽  
Local Sources ◽  
Tax Sharing

The fi nancial relationship between central and local government can be defi ned as a system that regulates how some funds were divided among various levels of government as well as how to fi ndsources of local empowerment to support the activities of the public sector.Fiscal decentralization is the delegation of authority granted by the central government to theregions to make policy in the area of   fi nancial management.One of the main pillars of regional autonomy is a regional authority to independently manage thefi nancial area. State of Indonesia as a unitary state of Indonesia adheres to a combination of elementsof recognition for local authorities to independently manage fi nances combined with the element oftransferring fi scal authority and supervision of the fi scal policy area.General Allocation Fund an area allocated on the basis of the fi scal gap and basic allocation whilethe fi scal gap is reduced by the fi scal needs of local fi scal capacity. Fiscal capacity of local sources offunding that comes from the area of   regional revenue and Tax Sharing Funds outside the ReforestationFund.The results showed that the strengthening of local fi scal capacity is in line with regional autonomy.

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