scholarly journals La crisis mundial del siglo XXI y sus efectos para América Latina y México / The world crisis of the 21st century and its effects for Latin America and Mexico

Author(s):  
Blanca H. Morales Vázquez ◽  
María de Jesús Ramírez Domínguez ◽  
Martha Elva Reséndiz Ortega

La crisis internacional actual es mucho más que una crisis económica o financiera. Sus consecuencias son por demás nefastas, no solamente en los países altamente industrializados, sino en todos los continentes. Entre los efectos macroeconómicos en América Latina se pueden citar: la contracción de las exportaciones, la disminución del ingreso de capitales y de los ingresos fiscales, el deterioro de la cuenta corriente, la reducción del consumo y de las inversiones, tasas de interés más altas e inestabilidad de la tasa de cambio. Estos impactos fueron diferentes en cada país de la región. La resistencia popular y las movilizaciones sociales lograron cambios políticos alternativos y surgieron gobiernos "progresistas" que implementaron medidas anticrisis, en particular programas contra la pobreza, la desigualdad y el desempleo. Sin embargo, esto es insuficiente frente a la economía de mercado. Código JEL: F01

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Suranjit Kumar Saha

This text deals with the search of fundamentals to the south-south research about the key-problems of the emerging configurations of a new and multipolar world order. Highlights two main questions: if the neoliberal orthodox in its various forms is to be effectively challenged and if the predatory policies resulting from it should be reverted. It starts ofthe perspective that is necessary an alternative paradigm of development, clearly enounced, which reinforces the national identity in Latin America, India and the rest of the world in development. Such paradigm should favour the construction of mix and inclusives cultures able to create the sense of solidarity among great masses located in extensive areas with the objective to unblock, free and mobilize resistance against the predatory neoliberalism in the 21st centuryKeywords: Neoliberalismo, resistance, national identityEM BUSCA DE UMA TEORIA PARA AJUDAR A RESISTÊNCIA AO NEOLIBERALISMO PREDATÓRIO NO SÉCULO XXIResumo: O texto trata da busca de fundamentos para a pesquisa sul-sul sobre os problemas- chave das configurações emergentes de uma nova e multipolar ordem mundial. Destaca duas questões centrais : se o neoliberal ortodoxo em suas formas variadas é para ser efetivamente desafiado e se as políticas predatórias daí resultantes devem ser revertidas. Parte da perspectiva de que é necessário um paradigma alternativo de desenvolvimento, claramente enunciado, que reforce aidentidade nacional na América Latina, Índia e o resto do mundo em desenvolvimento. Tal paradigma deve favorecer a construção de culturas mistas e inclusivas capazes de criar senso de solidariedade entre grandes massas situadas em extensas áreas com vista a desbloquear, libertar e mobilizar resistência contra o neoliberalismo predatório no século XXIPalavras-chave: Neoliberalismo, resistência, identidade nacional


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Petrie ◽  
Clara García-Millán ◽  
María Mercedes Mateo-Berganza Díaz

There is a wealth of conversation around the world today on the future of the workplace and the skills required for children to thrive in that future. Without certain core abilities, even extreme knowledge or job-specific skills will not be worth much in the long run. To address these issues, the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and HundrED conducted this Spotlight project with the goal of identifying and researching leading innovations that focus on 21st Century Skills in Latin America and the Caribbean. The Spotlight program was supported by J.P. Morgan. The purpose of this project is to shine a spotlight, and make globally visible, leading education innovations from Latin America and the Caribbean doing exceptional work on developing 21st Century Skills for all students, teachers, and leaders in schools today. The main aims of this Spotlight are to: Discover the leading innovations cultivating 21st century skills in students globally; understand how schools or organizations can implement these innovations; gain insight into any required social or economic conditions for these innovations to be effectively introduced into a learning context; celebrate and broadcast these innovations to help them spread to new countries. All the findings of the Spotlight in 21st Century Skills are included in this report.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (20) ◽  
pp. 202101
Author(s):  
Thais Virga ◽  
Humberto Miranda do Nascimento

CAPITAL EXPANSION AND ACTIONS BY NATIONAL STATES IN THE GRAND AMAZONIA (2000-2019): impacts and impassesEXPANSIÓN DE CAPITAL Y ACCIONES DE LOS ESTADOS NACIONALES EN LA GRAN AMAZONÍA (2000-2019): impactos e impassesRESUMOA emergência da China como ator econômico global no limiar do século XXI impactou diretamente na consolidação e ampliação de novos e velhos centros de extração e produção agromineral em grande parte da América Latina. Objetiva-se, neste artigo, discutir sobre relevantes impactos dos investimentos chineses na Gran Amazonía no período 2000-2019 e mostrar como os Estados nacionais sul-americanos contribuíram para incrementar as frentes de expansão neste imenso espaço subcontinental. Como metodologia, apresenta-se o levantamento mais recente sobre as principais frentes de expansão do capital nos países da Gran Amazonía, com base em dados de pesquisa de campo, consultas a instituições governamentais, não governamentais, empresariais e outras organizações civis, além de bibliografia atualizada. Conclui-se que a expansão do capital chinês sobre toda a Gran Amazonía foi produto de uma relação consensual com os Estados Nacionais, gerando oportunidades econômicas, porém, com importantes implicações socioambientais.Palavras-chave: Expansão do Capital (China); Gran Amazonía; Ação dos Países Sul-americanos.ABSTRACTThe emergence of China as a global economic actor on the threshold of the 21st century had a direct impact on the consolidation and expansion of new and old centers of extraction and agromineral production in much of Latin America. The aim of this article is to discuss the relevant impacts of Chinese investments in Gran Amazonía in the period 2000-2019 and to show how the South American national states contributed to the expansion fronts in this immense subcontinental space. As a methodology, the most recent survey on the main fronts of capital expansion in the countries of Gran Amazonía is presented, based on data from field research, consultations with governmental, non-governmental, business and other civil organizations, in addition to updated bibliography. It is concluded that the expansion of Chinese capital over the whole of Gran Amazonía was the product of a consensual relationship with the National States, generating economic opportunities, however, with important socio-environmental implications.Keywords: Capital Expansion (China); Gran Amazonía; Action by South American Countries.RESUMENEl surgimiento de China como actor económico global en el umbral del siglo XXI tuvo un impacto directo en la consolidación y expansión de nuevos y viejos centros de extracción y producción agromineral en gran parte de América Latina. El objetivo de este artículo es discutir los impactos relevantes de las inversiones chinas en la Gran Amazonía en el período 2000-2019 y mostrar cómo los estados nacionales sudamericanos contribuyeron a los frentes de expansión en este inmenso espacio subcontinental. Como metodología se presenta la encuesta más reciente sobre los principales frentes de expansión de capital en los países de la Gran Amazonía, con base en datos de investigaciones de campo, consultas con organizaciones gubernamentales, no gubernamentales, empresariales y otras organizaciones civiles, además de bibliografía actualizada. Se concluye que la expansión del capital chino por toda la Gran Amazonía fue producto de una relación consensuada con los Estados Nacionales, generando oportunidades económicas, sin embargo, con importantes implicaciones socioambientales.Palabras clave: Expansión de Capital (China); Gran Amazonía; Acción de Países Sudamericanos.


Author(s):  
Lawrence D. Mann

The author is Professor Emeritus of Planning, School of Planning, College of Architecture, University of Arizona, Tucson; and Adjunct Professor of Regional Development, Department of Geography and Regional Development, Graduate College and the Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences of the same university. Professor Mann is adviser to organizations and governments locally, regionally, nationally, in Latin America, Europe, etc., and also a member of the World Society for Ekistics (WSE). The text that follows is a revised, edited and radically reduced version of a paper presented at the WSE Symposion "Defining Success of the City in the 21st Century," Berlin, 24-28 October, 2001.


2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (266) ◽  
pp. 360
Author(s):  
Pedro Assis Ribeiro de Oliveira

A importância sociológica da religião não se mede pelo número de seus adeptos, mas por sua capacidade de formar o “clima moral” da sociedade. A América Latina, constituída para ser economicamente explorada pelas metrópoles e ainda na periferia do sistema econômico mundial, vive hoje uma onda de participação política dos setores populares em busca de democracia e de uma outra AL possível. Esses sinais dos tempos interpelam a Igreja católica, onde a pastoral comprometida com os Direitos Humanos e com as lutas populares tem sido contestada por setores conservadores. O V CELAM reafirmará a participação da Igreja na construção desse novo “clima político”, ou se preocupará apenas em aumentar o número de seus membros?Abstract: The sociological significance of religion is not measured by the number of its followers but by its ability to produce a “moral climate” in society. Latin America, still on the periphery of the world economic system and constituted to be economically exploited by the metropolises is currently experiencing a wave of political participation on the part of the most popular sectors of society in search of real democracy and of other possibilities for Latin America. These signsofthetimes are challenging the Catholic Church where the pastoral committed to the popular struggle and to Human Rights is being contested by the conservative sectors. Will the 5th Latin American Episcopal Conference (CELAM) reaffirm the Church’s participation in the construction of this new “political climate” or will it only be concerned with expanding its membership?


2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-52
Author(s):  
L Gironés ◽  
A.H. Arias ◽  
J.E. Marcovecchio

Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are compounds that have been forbidden in most of the World countries for been highly toxic and persistent. Due to their intrinsic characteristics, even today, they can be found in almost any environment. In this work it was aimed to analyze their distribution in Latin American coastal sediments, at Atlantic and Pacific oceans, through the analysis of thirty three scientific publications that characterized a total of fifty five sites. It was observed that general concentrations depended of the own characteristics of each site, being larger closer to big cities or intensive agricultural fields, as well as semi-closed environments with larger rates of water permanence and consequently larger influence from the continent. Likewise it was observed that the composed addition of OCPs was similar among sites located in the same country or region. Keywords: Organochlorine pesticides, sediments, coasts, Latin America, composition.


2017 ◽  
pp. 15-53
Author(s):  
Carolina Arias Hurtado

En el artículo, se realiza una aproximación a la problemática del neoextractivismo en el siglo xxi desde la ecología política en el ámbito regional, nacional y local. En primer lugar, se presenta un panorama sobre las contradicciones del desarrollo neoextractivista en América Latina como expresión de la crisis multidimensional y la necesidad de búsqueda de alternativas. Enseguida, se examina la situación actual del neoextractivismo en Colombia, a partir del reconocimiento de los conflictos socioambientales y las luchas sociales por la justicia ambiental. Por último, se analiza el caso del municipio de Marmato (Colombia), lugar emblemático por la constante defensa del territorio como un patrimonio y un derecho.Palabras clave: neoextractivismo, ecología política, conflictos socioambientales, justicia ambiental. AbstractNeo-extractivism in Latin America and Colombia: a political ecology reflexion In this article an approach is performed to the problematic of neoextractivism in the 21st century at a regional, national and local level from the political ecology view. In the first place, it presents a panorama on the contradictions of the neo-extractivist development in Latin America, as an expression of the multidimensional crisis and the needing to search for alternatives. Next, it examines the current situation of neo-extractivism in Colombia from the * Estudiante del doctorado en Estudios del Desarrollo de la Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas (México). Correo electrónico: [email protected] Controversia 207 abril 2018.indd 17 6/25/2018 8:20:18 PM 18 Controversia 208 recognition of the social-environmental conflicts and social struggles for environmental justice. Finally, the paper analyzes the case of the municipality of Marmato (Colombia), emblematic in the defense of the territory as a heritage and a right.Keywords: neo-extractivism, political ecology, social-environmental conflicts, environmental justice.


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