scholarly journals Attitudes towards People with Disabilities: A Systematic Review of Intervention Effectiveness

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuleinys A Castillo ◽  
Alan Larson
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Intervention Effectiveness ◽  
Literature Research ◽  
Comprehensive Search ◽  
Attitudinal Changes ◽  
The Impact

The improvement of attitudes towards people with disabilities has led to studies focusing on the impact of interventions.  This review systematically analyzes and synthesizes the use of interventions to influence attitudes toward people with disabilities. A comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases to identify studies that used an intervention in English with a defined assessment instrument meant to measure attitudinal changes toward people with disabilities. Based on a literature research, 32 studies conducted in fourteen different countries were included. In the majority of the cases, the use of interventions was an effective tool to improve attitudes towards disabilities. Implications of findings for practitioners and researchers are discussed.

SUSTAINABILE INTENSIFICATION OF AGRICULTURE – THE OPERATIONALIZATION DIRECTIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol XIX (2) ◽  
pp. 220-225
Author(s):  
Jakub Staniszewski
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Sustainable Intensification ◽  
Literature Research ◽  
Synthetic Indicators ◽  
Agriculture Intensification ◽  
The Impact

In the paper a systematic review of the works concentrated on the operationalization of the concept of sustainable agriculture intensification has been carried out. In the analyzed source literature, research was conducted mostly at the microeconomic level and concerned agriculture in Europe. Four main methods of operationalization have been identified as – synthetic indicators, modeling, eco-efficiency indices and statistical analysis. These methods were mainly used to assess whether agriculture is developing in line with sustainable intensification concept, to determine the impact of economic policy on this development, to determine the possibilities for implementing sustainable intensification in specific cases and the impact of other factors on the effectiveness of these processes.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Different Clinical Methods of Application for In-office Bleaching Materials with Hydrogen Peroxide: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 311-317
Author(s):  
Khaled Alghulikah ◽  
Ahmed Abdulrahman Alahmed ◽  
Arwa Zaid Bin Muattish ◽  
Aseel Ahmad Almazyad ◽  
Meshal Abdullah Almalki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Tooth Bleaching ◽  
Dental Practice ◽  
Comprehensive Search

Background: In the past few years, there has been an increase in demand for esthetic dental treatment. Vital tooth-bleaching is one of the most popular cosmetic procedures requested by patients in daily dental practice. There are various materials and protocols for treating discolored teeth since the introduction of vital tooth-bleaching to dental practice. In-office bleaching can be performed clinically using hydrogen peroxide alone or it can be combined with carbamide peroxide as a home bleaching technique. Hence the aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness of different application protocols. Methodology: A comprehensive search was performed using online databases (PubMed and ADA Center for Evidence-Based Dentistry) to obtain clinical trials relevant to the research question. The readers validated the studies that met the inclusion criteria. The included studies were evaluated using the risk of bias assessment instrument. In addition, the strength of recommendation of clinical trials was evaluated using Ex-GRADE. Results: After reviewing 89 studies, duplicates were removed and inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. Finally 10 clinical studies were accepted in this review.  Acceptable sampling was performed to obtain the clinical trials with strong evidence. Conclusion: A qualitative assessment for the included studies proved the hypothesis of the research in that the best clinical outcomes of in-office bleaching is achieved with a single application of hydrogen peroxide.

Physical Activity Interventions in Diverse US Schools: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 490-508
Author(s):  
Mindy Feldman Hecht ◽  
Sophia Li Ferry ◽  
Louise Falzon ◽  
Carol Garber
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Elementary School ◽  
Underserved Populations ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
School Based ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Comprehensive Search ◽  
The Impact

Objectives: Many researchers have studied the effectiveness of school-based physical activity (PA) interventions in promoting children's PA; yet, much remains unknown about best practices for promoting PA in diverse populations of school-aged US children. The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the impact of elementary school-based PA interventions on children's PA levels in minority or underserved populations. Methods: Studies were identified through a systematic search of electronic databases, related references, and additional sources. Inclusion criteria included US-based randomized controlled trials with validated instruments and scales. Results: A total of 10 publications met the inclusion criteria. Included studies had varying settings (classroom, playground, etc), study population sizes, and durations. Five of the 10 interventions, including all of the classroom-based interventions, were effective, and the others were equivocal. The effective PA interventions were well-planned and were implemented with fidelity to achieve sustainable results. Conclusion: Overall, classroom-based interventions improve the PA level of elementary-school age children. The lack of uniformity and fidelity in implementation across interventions limits the interpretation of the findings. Although we conducted a comprehensive search, only 10 studies met the inclusion criteria for this review, indicating a critical need for more research in this area.

Contributions of Zebrafish Studies on the Behavioural Consequences of Early Alcohol Exposure: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia Gheller Schaidhauer ◽  
Higor Arruda Caetano ◽  
Guilherme Pietro da Silva ◽  
Rosane Souza da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Alcohol Exposure ◽  
Ethanol Exposure ◽  
Learning Problems ◽  
Behavioural Effects ◽  
Suitable Animal Model ◽  
Comprehensive Search ◽  
The Impact

Background: The consequences of mild to severe exposure to alcohol during brain development is still a matter of debate and scientific investigation. The long-term behavioural effects of ethanol exposure have been related to impaired social skills and cognition. Zebrafish have become a suitable animal model to investigate the effects of early ethanol exposure because it is very feasible to promote drug delivery during early development. Objective: The goal of the current report is to review existing behavioural studies addressing the impact of early alcohol exposure using zebrafish to determine whether these models resemble the behavioural effects of early alcohol exposure in humans. Methods: A comprehensive search of biomedical databases was performed using the operation order: “ZEBRAFISH AND BEHAV* AND (ETHANOL OR ALCOHOL)”. The eligibility of studies was determined using the PICOS strategy, contemplating the population as zebrafish, intervention as exposure to ethanol, comparison with a non-exposed control animal, and outcomes as behavioural parameters. Results: The systematic search returned 29 scientific articles as eligible. The zebrafish is presented as a versatile animal model that is useful to study FASD short and long-term behaviour impairments, such as anxiety, impaired sociability, aggressiveness, learning problems, memory impairment, seizure susceptibility, sleep disorders, motivational problems, and addiction. Conclusion: This systematic review serves to further promote the use of zebrafish as a model system to study the pathophysiological and behavioural consequences of early alcohol exposure.

Association between Hypertension and Epistaxis: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 157 (6) ◽  
pp. 921-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun Jin Min ◽  
Hyun Kang ◽  
Geun Joo Choi ◽  
Kyung Soo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Number Needed To Treat ◽  
Large Patient ◽  
Comprehensive Search ◽  
The Impact

Objective Whether there is an association or a cause-and-effect relationship between epistaxis and hypertension is a subject of longstanding controversy. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the association between epistaxis and hypertension and to verify whether hypertension is an independent risk factor of epistaxis. Data Sources A comprehensive search was performed using the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases. Review Methods The review was performed according to the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines and reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis guidelines. Results We screened 2768 unique studies and selected 10 for this meta-analysis. Overall, the risk of epistaxis was significantly increased for patients with hypertension (odds ratio, 1.532 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.181-1.986]; number needed to treat, 14.9 [95% CI, 12.3-19.0]). Results of the Q test and I2 statistics suggested considerable heterogeneity ([Formula: see text] = 0.038, I2 = 49.3%). The sensitivity analysis was performed by excluding 1 study at a time, and it revealed no change in statistical significance. Conclusion Although this meta-analysis had some limitations, our study demonstrated that hypertension was significantly associated with the risk of epistaxis. However, since this association does not support a causal relationship between hypertension and epistaxis, further clinical trials with large patient populations will be required to determine the impact of hypertension on epistaxis.

Systematic review methodology for development: An example from microfinance

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carina Van Rooyen ◽  
Ruth Stewart ◽  
Thea De Wet
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
International Development ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Systematic Review Methodology ◽  
Development Interventions ◽  
The Us ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Evidence Based Decision Making

Big international development donors such as the UK’s Department for International Development and USAID have recently started using systematic review as a methodology to assess the effectiveness of various development interventions to help them decide what is the ‘best’ intervention to spend money on. Such an approach to evidence-based decision-making has long been practiced in the health sector in the US, UK, and elsewhere but it is relatively new in the development field. In this article we use the case of a systematic review of the impact of microfinance on the poor in sub-Saharan African to indicate how systematic review as a methodology can be used to assess the impact of specific development interventions.

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