Energy Efficient Optimization in a Typical School Building: Kurdistan Typical School Buildings as a Case Study

Energy efficiency of existing buildings is a concept to manage and restrain the growth in energy consumption and one of the crucial issues due to the magnitude of the sector. Educational buildings are in charge of about 15% of the total energy consumption of the non-residential building sector. However, not only operational but also embodied energy of a building should be reduced to get the overall benefits of energy efficiency, where, using energy efficient architectural measures and low emitting materials during every retrofit action can be a logical step. The majority of buildings in Turkey and EU was built earlier than the development of the energy efficiency in the construction sector, hence, without energy retrofit, consume an enormous amount of energy that can be averted significantly by the implementation of some even not advanced retrofit measures. Furthermore, demolishing of a building to construct a new one is not a rational approach concerning cost, time and environmental pollution. The study has been focused on the impact assessment of the various architectural scenarios of energy efficiency upgrading on the Life Cycle Energy Consumption (LCEC) and Life Cycle CO2 (LCCO2) emission. Within the scope of the study, a primary school building is selected to be analysed. Through analysis, the total embodied and operational energy use and CO2 emission regarding the life cycle phase of the building is quantitatively defined and investigated in the framework of life cycle inventory. The paper concentrates on the operation and embodied energy consumption arising from the application of a variety of measures on the building envelope. An educational building with low LCCO2 emissions and LCEC in Turkey is proposed. To exemplify the approach, contributions are applied to a case study in Istanbul as a representative school building. The primary energy consumption of the case study building is calculated with a dynamic simulation tool, EnergyPlus. Afterwards, a sort of architectural energy efficient measures is implemented in the envelope while the lighting and mechanical systems remain constant. The energy used in the production and transportation of materials, which are the significant parts of the embodied energy, are taken into account as well.

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A Case Study on Passive vs. Active Strategies for an Energy-Efficient School Building Design

10.3390/ifou-e004 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Cheol-Soo Park ◽

Ji-Eun Kang ◽

Ki-Uhn Ahn ◽

Thorsten Schuetze

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficient ◽

Building Design ◽

School Building

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Seismic Retrofit of a Typical School Building Using Column Jacketing and Supplement Beams

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.501-504.1556 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 501-504 ◽

pp. 1556-1559

Author(s):

Chao Hsum Huang ◽

Wei Chang ◽

Shih Hua Liu

Keyword(s):

Seismic Performance ◽

Shear Walls ◽

Department Of Education ◽

School Buildings ◽

School Building ◽

Seismic Evaluation ◽

Seismic Safety ◽

Existing Building ◽

Column Jacketing ◽

Typical School

To ensure the safety of students during earthquakes, the Department of Education in Taiwan has been conducting a seismic evaluation and rehabilitation project on elementary and high-school buildings in recent years. In this project, column-jacketing is one of the most frequently used retrofit techniques due to its compatibility with existing building configurations. However, the seismic performance of column-jacketing often falls behind other retrofit techniques such as addition of shear walls. In order to enhance the seismic performance of column-jacketing, the addition of supplemental beams is proposed in this study. Analysis conducted on a typical school building based on nonlinear push-over analysis indicates that such addition could improve the seismic performance of column-jacketing for 38%, which would provide a great enhancement on the seismic safety of the retrofitted building.

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A Virtual Laboratory to Practice Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks: A Case Study on Energy Efficient and Safe Weighted Clustering Algorithm

Journal of Information Processing Systems ◽

10.3745/jips.02.0019 ◽

2015 ◽

Keyword(s):

Wireless Sensor Networks ◽

Sensor Networks ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Clustering Algorithm ◽

Wireless Sensor ◽

Virtual Laboratory ◽

Mobile Wireless ◽

Weighted Clustering ◽

Mobile Wireless Sensor

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On the Investigation of Energy Efficient Torque Distribution Strategies through a Comprehensive Powertrain Model

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13084549 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 4549

Author(s):

Sara Salamone ◽

Basilio Lenzo ◽

Giovanni Lutzemberger ◽

Francesco Bucchi ◽

Luca Sani

Keyword(s):

Energy Storage ◽

Electric Vehicles ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Storage System ◽

Energy Storage System ◽

Torque Distribution ◽

Driving Cycles ◽

Energy Models ◽

Battery State Of Charge

In electric vehicles with multiple motors, the torque at each wheel can be controlled independently, offering significant opportunities for enhancing vehicle dynamics behaviour and system efficiency. This paper investigates energy efficient torque distribution strategies for improving the operational efficiency of electric vehicles with multiple motors. The proposed strategies are based on the minimisation of power losses, considering the powertrain efficiency characteristics, and are easily implementable in real-time. A longitudinal dynamics vehicle model is developed in Simulink/Simscape environment, including energy models for the electrical machines, the converter, and the energy storage system. The energy efficient torque distribution strategies are compared with simple distribution schemes under different standardised driving cycles. The effect of the different strategies on the powertrain elements, such as the electric machine and the energy storage system, are analysed. Simulation results show that the optimal torque distribution strategies provide a reduction in energy consumption of up to 5.5% for the case-study vehicle compared to simple distribution strategies, also benefiting the battery state of charge.

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A new framework to select energy-efficient retrofit schemes of external walls: A case study

Journal of Cleaner Production ◽

10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125718 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 289 ◽

pp. 125718

Author(s):

Fan Zhang ◽

Yanbing Ju ◽

Ernesto D.R. Santibanez Gonzalez ◽

Aihua Wang ◽

Peiwu Dong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficient ◽

New Framework

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Towards DC Energy Efficient Homes

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11136005 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (13) ◽

pp. 6005

Author(s):

Daniel Villanueva ◽

Moisés Cordeiro-Costas ◽

Andrés E. Feijóo-Lorenzo ◽

Antonio Fernández-Otero ◽

Edelmiro Miguez-García

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Electric Vehicles ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Electricity Consumption ◽

Real Data ◽

Mean Values ◽

Led Lighting ◽

Shed Light

The aim of this paper is to shed light on the question regarding whether the integration of an electric battery as a part of a domestic installation may increase its energy efficiency in comparison with a conventional case. When a battery is included in such an installation, two types of electrical conversion must be considered, i.e., AC/DC and DC/AC, and hence the corresponding losses due to these converters must not be forgotten when performing the analysis. The efficiency of the whole system can be increased if one of the mentioned converters is avoided or simply when its dimensioning is reduced. Possible ways to achieve this goal can be: to use electric vehicles as DC suppliers, the use of as many DC home devices as possible, and LED lighting or charging devices based on renewables. With all this in mind, several scenarios are proposed here in order to have a look at all possibilities concerning AC and DC powering. With the aim of checking these scenarios using real data, a case study is analyzed by operating with electricity consumption mean values.

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