Sexual Exploitation or Child Pornography: Terminological Analysis in Criminal Codes of Southeast European Countries

Author(s):  
J. Jurinic ◽  
T. Ramljak
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus M. Beier

Paedophilia—a sexual preference for the body scheme of pre-pubescent children—is defined as a disorder within the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) of the World Health Organization as well as within the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) of the American Psychiatric Association. Contrary to popular belief, not all sex offenders who target children are paedophiles, and not all paedophiles commit sexual offences. But quite obviously paedophilia is an emotionally charged and controversial topic, which might be an explanation for putting it out of focus within the healthcare system. Mental health professionals are mainly (and worldwide) not well trained in terms of assessment methods and intervention techniques available to develop and implement effective policies and practices. This presents an obstacle for prevention, in that proactive strategies to protect children from child sexual abuse and sexual exploitation by online offences, such as the consumption or distribution of child abusive images (so-called child pornography), which emphasises the internationally relevant dimension of the issue. The article will address key concerns and questions in dealing with this clinically relevant population, offer insights into a primary prevention approach developed in Germany, and discuss the situation on a European level.


2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Yohanes Benedicktus Meninu Nalele

Commercial sexual exploitation of children is a social problem that has several categories. This issue is scattered in many countries, especially in Asian countries. Child’s commercial sexual exploitation or eksploitasi seksual komersial anak (ESKA) can ruin the future of the children who are victims, of which they are the successors of the nation. Childhood should be filled by playing and learning but changing with the dark. The role of government as the supreme authority of a country in overcoming the problem of ESKA looks not maximized. The purpose of this research is to find out the role of international organizations in addressing the ESKA problem. International organizations, in this case, are ECPAT or End Child Prostitution, child pornographic grapy, and Trafficking of Children for Sexual Purposes. How are their efforts and roles in overcoming ESKA and its cooperation with the Indonesian government, obstacles, and challenges faced? The benefits of this journal are useful in the development of International Relations, especially those involving the role of international organizations in addressing the problems of ESKA. The method used is descriptive – qualitative, where this method illustrates and analyzes the role of ECPAT as an international organization in addressing the ESKA in Indonesia (2011 – 2015).


Author(s):  
Keith F. Durkin ◽  
Ronald L. DeLong

Internet crimes against children are a problematic yet often misunderstood phenomenon. Prominent examples of these offenses include child pornography, adults soliciting minors online, and the commercialized sexual exploitation of minors (e.g., human trafficking). Drawing upon recent research, the characteristics of offenses, offenders, and victims are examined. A multitude of issues related to the psychological assessment, classification, and treatment of the individuals who commit these offenses are also explored. Strategies for the prevention of this behavior and protection of minors online are discussed.


Author(s):  
Amin Ibrahim

The sexual exploitation of children remains a very serious problem and is rapidly increasing globally through the use of the Internet. This chapter focuses on the child pornography and IT, and the various methods to combat this problem. The ease of acquiring IT and digital equipments, the global reach of Internet and freely available peer-to-peer services have made child pornography a very complex issue to undertake. The borderless nature of the Internet and the lack of unified criminal code among nations further escalated the complexity of law enforcement against child pornography.


Author(s):  
Raquel Martins Fernandes Mota ◽  
Luiz Augusto Passos ◽  
Cleonice Terezinha Fernandes ◽  
Degmar Francisco dos Anjos

Revisão sistemática - RS é um processo metodológico que sintetiza resultados de estudos sobre determinado tema. A RS seleciona pesquisas relevantes no âmbito teórico-prático para a pesquisa bibliográfica. A presente RS teve como objetivo conhecer a realidade da ESCCA – Exploração Sexual e Comercial de Crianças e Adolescentes em nosso país em uma perspectiva fenomenológica, a partir do olhar de pesquisas empíricas. Descritores em língua portuguesa foram: exploração sexual comercial, violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes -abuso sexual contra crianças e adolescentes, tráfico sexual de crianças e adolescentes, turismo sexual, pornografia infantil e pedofilia. Foram encontradas 76 publicações nas bases de dados eletrônicas: Google acadêmico, Scielo e Portal de periódicos da Capes, sendo que 22 estudos preencheram os critérios de inclusão: i) estudos empíricos: ii) entre 1990 e 2011; iii) publicados em Língua Portuguesa; iv) sobre quaisquer tipos de exploração, exclusivamente, para o público de crianças e adolescentes. Constatou-se que a problemática da ESCCA está banhada de pluridimensionalidade, que não se esgota na violência da opressão socioeconômica e de reconhecimento da condição humana; implica na produção de um sistema simbólico gerador de estigma cultural, que traz impactos sobre todas as dimensões do ser com implicações locais, pessoais, políticas e planetária. A partir do diálogo teórico entre as pesquisas empíricas desta RS e estudiosos da área, pode-se concluir que a temática precisa ser aprofundada, em suas especificidades, para que os vulneráveis invisíveis e suscetíveis a todo tipo de violência simbólica da nossa sociedade desigual não permaneçam nesta situação.Palavras-chave: Ensino. Educação. Exploração Sexual Comercial. Violência.AbstractSystematic review - RS is a methodological process that synthesizes results of studies on a given theme. The RS selects relevant research inthe theoretical-practical scope for the bibliographic research. The purpose of this present RS was to know the reality of ESCCA - Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents in our country in a phenomenological perspective from the perspective of empirical research. Descriptors in Portuguese: sexual violence against children and adolescents, sexual abuse of children and adolescents, sexual trafficking of children and adolescents, sexual tourism, child pornography and pedophilia; 76 publications were found in the electronic databases: Google academic, Scielo and Portal of journals of Capes, 22 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria: i) empirical studies: ii) between 1990 and 2011; iii) published in Portuguese; iv) on any kind of exploitation exclusively for the public of children and adolescents. It was verified that the ESCCA problem is loaded with multidimensionality, which is not barred with the violence of socioeconomic oppression and recognition of the human condition; It implies the production of a symbolic system that generates cultural stigma, which impacts on all dimensions of being with local, personal, political and planetary implications. From the theoretical dialogue between the empirical researches of this RS and scholars in the area, it can be concluded that the theme needs to be deepened in its specificities, so that the vulnerable individuals which are invisible and susceptible to all kinds of symbolic violence of our unequal society do not remain in this situation.Keywords: Teaching. Education. Commercial Sexual Exploitation. Violence.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-23
Author(s):  
Ranjana Ferrao

Tourism has three sides: the good, the bad and the ugly. The good side is it generates employment and brings in investment. Tourism earns the state an average Rs 4,000 crore annually. 23 lakh tourists visit Goa; this income contributes to 15 per cent of India’s foreign exchange. The bad side is everything has become commercial in a state like Goa, where employment opportunities are few and everyone wants to ride the bus of tourism. They want to set up hotels, rent their homes, bikes and cars or start some business to facilitate tourism. In this process, the beautiful scenic Goa has become a commercial hub. The ugly side is tourism not only brings tourists but also their culture, culture which views children as sex objects or views sex with a child as normal behaviour. This has made Goa the sex capital of India. Many Indian and foreign tourists come in search of child sex in Goa. Goa is also openly advertised as a state with free and liberal values. This has made our children vulnerable. There are various ways in which the sex offenders get access to children. Some approach the children directly on the beach, while others offer them a drink or a meal before taking them back their hotel rooms. Many contact children through their social media platforms. After making friends and chatting with them for a considerable period of time, they fix a meeting with them only to exploit them. Many people function as agents who are involved in supplying children to these men who come in search of them. This article discusses the evil effects of tourism on children such as sale of children, child sexual abuse, child pornography, child prostitution and paedophilia. Abuse and exploitation of children in tourism can have severe impact on children; it can also affect the tourist destination. The article will discuss ethical methods, which can be adopted to encourage tourism and keep the children of Goa safe.


2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Ahmad Sofian ◽  
Bambang Pratama ◽  
Chiara Talerico

Online Child Sexual Exploitation (OCSE) is a form of crime against children that can be reviewed from various perspectives such as criminal law, criminology and culture. This offence is governed in several international legal instruments because perpetrators and victims are often located in different territories or have different nationalities. The Optional Protocol on Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography (OPSC) is one that provides a reference in combating this crime, but this instrument has the disadvantage of not providing specific guidance in overcoming sexual crimes of children who are in the online sphere. OPSC focuses more on child pornography, whereas OCSE has evolved rapidly enough to give birth to new forms of crime that are not just child pornography. Another weakness can be found in national laws, due to the lack, or limited, response to address the issue. Therefore, a cultural approach is important to prevent and tackle this problem. This paper is aimed to weight the needs to use a Preventive Cultural approach and a Crime-Based Enforcement in addressing Online Sexual  Abuse in Indonesia. It is a normative legal research that reads various primary and secondary legal materials. The study recommends that there is a need to use appropriate legal terminology and provide a clear interpretation of the terminology in national law so that these crimes can be quickly addressed. In addition, it also argued that cultural approaches may be used to prevent the occurrence of OSCE by means of involving the community and religious leaders, educating family, as well as raising the awareness of children.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document