scholarly journals Niède Guidon: a cientista brasileira responsável pelo tesouro arqueológico nacional

Author(s):  
Jéssica Da Silva Gaudêncio

ResumoO presente artigo aborda a trajetória científica da arqueóloga Niède Guidon, brasileira nascida no interior de São Paulo e Doutora em Pré-História pela Université Paris I Pantheon-Sorbonne. Chegou na cidade de São Raimundo Nonato (Piauí) em 1970 em busca de vestígios arqueológicos provenientes daquela região. Ao deparar-se com resultados de análises enviadas à laboratórios franceses, no qual datavam através da técnica com Carbono-14 artefatos e vestígios arqueológicos com mais de 18 mil anos BP[1], Niède ampliou suas pesquisas e reuniu esforços pela preservação do local que hoje é conhecido como Parque Nacional da Serra da Capivara, patrimônio cultural da humanidade pela Unesco. Em 1986, publicou suas descobertas na prestigiada revista científica britânica Nature, dando destaque internacional para os sítios arqueológicos do nordeste brasileiro. A partir daí Guidon continuou seu trabalho e suas descobertas arqueológicas constataram artefatos com datações de 100 mil anos BP, desenvolvendo novas teorias para a origem do homem americano, refutando assim a teoria mais aceita do Estreito de Bering. Isto causou a indignação de diversos arqueólogos internacionais e nacionais que questionavam a veracidade de suas pesquisas. Mesmo com todas essas polêmicas, Niède Guidon e demais pesquisadores seguem com seus estudos nos mais de 1300 sítios arqueológicos da região do Piauí, sugerindo que mais resultados ainda estão por vir.Palavras-chave: Niède Guidon; Arqueologia; Pré-história brasileira.AbstractThis article deals with the scientific accomplishments of the archaeologist Niède Guidon, a Brazilian born in the interior of São Paulo who earned a Ph.D. in Prehistory from the Université Paris I Pantheon-Sorbonne. He arrived in the city of São Raimundo Nonato (Piauí) in 1970 in search of archaeological remains from that region. When he first received the results from French laboratories of Carbon-14 analyses, a method capable of dating artifacts that are at least eighteen thousand years old, Niède expanded his research and joined efforts to preserve the location now known such as Serra da Capivara National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Center. In 1986, he published his findings in the prestigious British scientific journal Nature, gaining international prominence for the archeological sites of northeastern Brazil. From there Guidon continued his work and his archaeological discoveries, finding artifacts dating to 100,000 years before the present (BP), developed new theories for the origin of American humankind, thus refuting the more accepted theory of the humankind’s migration across the land bridge between Asia and North America. This caused indignation among several international and national archaeologists who questioned the veracity of his research. Even with controversies, Niède Guidon and other researchers have continued their studies in more than 1300 archaeological sites in the Piauí region, which suggests that more findings can be expected.Keywords: Niède Guidon; Archeology, Brazilian Prehistory.[1] Before the Present – Antes do Presente – escala utilizada pelas disciplinas científicas na datação de eventos do passado em relação à data presente.

Author(s):  
Molly C. Ball

This chapter demystifies how São Paulo’s population expanded from around 65,000 inhabitants in 1890 to roughly one million by 1930. It demonstrates São Paulo distinguished itself as a node of family immigration among immigrant receiving nations in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Immigrant registrations from the Hospedaria de Imigrantes and calls to immigrate, chamadas, demystify how the state’s immigration program built to support coffee agriculture dramatically impacted the city's growth and allow for distinctions between immigrant groups. There were complex and diverse migration streams to the city. Early Italian migration was followed by unskilled, Portuguese migration between 1903 and 1913, and a skilled German migration in the postwar period. This change signals that World War I marked a turning point in the city from labor-intensive toward capital-intensive growth. The records also suggest the war marked an increase in northeastern migration to São Paulo. In contrast to most regional assumptions, migrants from northeastern Brazil were more literate than many immigrant groups and Brazilians from other regions. Despite their literacy, they were much less likely to be contracted in the city than their European counterparts.


Crisis ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Hideki Bando ◽  
Fernando Madalena Volpe

Background: In light of the few reports from intertropical latitudes and their conflicting results, we aimed to replicate and update the investigation of seasonal patterns of suicide occurrences in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: Data relating to male and female suicides were extracted from the Mortality Information Enhancement Program (PRO-AIM), the official health statistics of the municipality of São Paulo. Seasonality was assessed by studying distribution of suicides over time using cosinor analyses. Results: There were 6,916 registered suicides (76.7% men), with an average of 39.0 ± 7.0 observed suicides per month. For the total sample and for both sexes, cosinor analysis estimated a significant seasonal pattern. For the total sample and for males suicide peaked in November (late spring) with a trough in May–June (late autumn). For females, the estimated peak occurred in January, and the trough in June–July. Conclusions: A seasonal pattern of suicides was found for both males and females, peaking in spring/summer and dipping in fall/winter. The scarcity of reports from intertropical latitudes warrants promoting more studies in this area.


2001 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 407-408
Author(s):  
E. LANDULFO ◽  
A. PAPAYANNIS ◽  
A. ZANARDI DE FREITAS ◽  
M.P.P.. M. JORGE ◽  
N.D. VIEIRA JÚNIOR
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6185
Author(s):  
André Ruoppolo Biazoti ◽  
Angélica Campos Nakamura ◽  
Gustavo Nagib ◽  
Vitória Oliveira Pereira de Souza Leão ◽  
Giulia Giacchè ◽  
...  

During the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic, farmers worldwide were greatly affected by disruptions in the food chain. In 2020, São Paulo city experienced most of the effects of the pandemic in Brazil, with 15,587 deaths through December 2020. Here, we describe the impacts of COVID-19 on urban agriculture (UA) in São Paulo from April to August 2020. We analyzed two governmental surveys of 2100 farmers from São Paulo state and 148 from São Paulo city and two qualitative surveys of volunteers from ten community gardens and seven urban farmers. Our data showed that 50% of the farmers were impacted by the pandemic with drops in sales, especially those that depended on intermediaries. Some farmers in the city adapted to novel sales channels, but 22% claimed that obtaining inputs became difficult. No municipal support was provided to UA in São Paulo, and pre-existing issues were exacerbated. Work on community gardens decreased, but no garden permanently closed. Post COVID-19, UA will have the challenge of maintaining local food chains established during the pandemic. Due to the increase in the price of inputs and the lack of technical assistance, governmental efforts should be implemented to support UA.


2005 ◽  
Vol 75 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 135-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Maura de Miranda ◽  
Maria de Fátima Andrade ◽  
Artemio Plana Fattori

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1451-1460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilia Brasilio Rodrigues Camargo ◽  
Maysa Seabra Cendoroglo ◽  
Luiz Roberto Ramos ◽  
Maria do Rosario Dias de Oliveira Latorre ◽  
Gabriela Luporini Saraiva ◽  
...  

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Silva-Sánchez ◽  
P.R. Jacobi
Keyword(s):  

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 870-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E O. Yai ◽  
W. A. Cañon-Franco ◽  
V. C. Geraldi ◽  
M. E L. Summa ◽  
M. C G. O. Camargo ◽  
...  

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Ceretti-Júnior ◽  
Antônio Ralph Medeiros-Sousa ◽  
André Barretto Bruno Wilke ◽  
Regina Claudia Strobel ◽  
Lilian Dias Orico ◽  
...  

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