Making an Immigrant City

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-45
Author(s):  
Molly C. Ball
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Postwar Period ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
World War ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The City ◽  
Capital Intensive ◽  
Intensive Growth

This chapter demystifies how São Paulo’s population expanded from around 65,000 inhabitants in 1890 to roughly one million by 1930. It demonstrates São Paulo distinguished itself as a node of family immigration among immigrant receiving nations in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Immigrant registrations from the Hospedaria de Imigrantes and calls to immigrate, chamadas, demystify how the state’s immigration program built to support coffee agriculture dramatically impacted the city's growth and allow for distinctions between immigrant groups. There were complex and diverse migration streams to the city. Early Italian migration was followed by unskilled, Portuguese migration between 1903 and 1913, and a skilled German migration in the postwar period. This change signals that World War I marked a turning point in the city from labor-intensive toward capital-intensive growth. The records also suggest the war marked an increase in northeastern migration to São Paulo. In contrast to most regional assumptions, migrants from northeastern Brazil were more literate than many immigrant groups and Brazilians from other regions. Despite their literacy, they were much less likely to be contracted in the city than their European counterparts.

scholarly journals Niède Guidon: a cientista brasileira responsável pelo tesouro arqueológico nacional

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Jéssica Da Silva Gaudêncio
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Journal ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
Land Bridge ◽  
Unesco World Heritage ◽  
Carbon 14 ◽  
The City

ResumoO presente artigo aborda a trajetória científica da arqueóloga Niède Guidon, brasileira nascida no interior de São Paulo e Doutora em Pré-História pela Université Paris I Pantheon-Sorbonne. Chegou na cidade de São Raimundo Nonato (Piauí) em 1970 em busca de vestígios arqueológicos provenientes daquela região. Ao deparar-se com resultados de análises enviadas à laboratórios franceses, no qual datavam através da técnica com Carbono-14 artefatos e vestígios arqueológicos com mais de 18 mil anos BP[1], Niède ampliou suas pesquisas e reuniu esforços pela preservação do local que hoje é conhecido como Parque Nacional da Serra da Capivara, patrimônio cultural da humanidade pela Unesco. Em 1986, publicou suas descobertas na prestigiada revista científica britânica Nature, dando destaque internacional para os sítios arqueológicos do nordeste brasileiro. A partir daí Guidon continuou seu trabalho e suas descobertas arqueológicas constataram artefatos com datações de 100 mil anos BP, desenvolvendo novas teorias para a origem do homem americano, refutando assim a teoria mais aceita do Estreito de Bering. Isto causou a indignação de diversos arqueólogos internacionais e nacionais que questionavam a veracidade de suas pesquisas. Mesmo com todas essas polêmicas, Niède Guidon e demais pesquisadores seguem com seus estudos nos mais de 1300 sítios arqueológicos da região do Piauí, sugerindo que mais resultados ainda estão por vir.Palavras-chave: Niède Guidon; Arqueologia; Pré-história brasileira.AbstractThis article deals with the scientific accomplishments of the archaeologist Niède Guidon, a Brazilian born in the interior of São Paulo who earned a Ph.D. in Prehistory from the Université Paris I Pantheon-Sorbonne. He arrived in the city of São Raimundo Nonato (Piauí) in 1970 in search of archaeological remains from that region. When he first received the results from French laboratories of Carbon-14 analyses, a method capable of dating artifacts that are at least eighteen thousand years old, Niède expanded his research and joined efforts to preserve the location now known such as Serra da Capivara National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Center. In 1986, he published his findings in the prestigious British scientific journal Nature, gaining international prominence for the archeological sites of northeastern Brazil. From there Guidon continued his work and his archaeological discoveries, finding artifacts dating to 100,000 years before the present (BP), developed new theories for the origin of American humankind, thus refuting the more accepted theory of the humankind’s migration across the land bridge between Asia and North America. This caused indignation among several international and national archaeologists who questioned the veracity of his research. Even with controversies, Niède Guidon and other researchers have continued their studies in more than 1300 archaeological sites in the Piauí region, which suggests that more findings can be expected.Keywords: Niède Guidon; Archeology, Brazilian Prehistory.[1] Before the Present – Antes do Presente – escala utilizada pelas disciplinas científicas na datação de eventos do passado em relação à data presente.

Navigating Life and Work in Old Republic São Paulo

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly C. Ball
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
World War I ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Labor Market Discrimination ◽  
Old Republic

This book examines the experiences of São Paulo’s diverse working class as they encountered rapid urbanization and industrialization brought on by the coffee boom during Brazil’s Old Republic (1891–1930). It places the rank-and-file at the center of its analysis to understand how macroeconomic trends connected to daily life and individual and family responses to labor market discrimination, inflation, and fluctuating (im)migration. The study emphasizes the family-centered nature of immigration to São Paulo in comparison to other immigrant cities like Buenos Aires and New York City. It shows how World War I exacerbated existing working-class hierarchies and cut short important standard-of-living advancements. The study demonstrates how despite its intended purpose to funnel agricultural laborers into the coffee interior, the city’s immigrant receiving station also played a decisive role in shaping the city of São Paulo, serving both as a safety net for residents and labor supplier for employers. Methodologically, this book embraces both social and economic history, deconstructing the population along racial, ethnic, national, and gender lines. Combining statistical analysis alongside close readings of immigrant letters provides a nuanced analysis of recently arrived Paulistanos from Italy, Portugal, Germany, Lebanon, and Japan and from northeastern Brazil. The research demonstrates how Portuguese, women, and Afro-Brazilians all faced significant labor market discrimination, impacting individual and family decisions about where to work and live and whether to join labor movements. The approach provides a powerful tool to address archival silences, recover embedded narratives, and understand historic underdevelopment.

scholarly journals Multidisciplinariedade e Interdisciplinaridade na Graduação em RI: o ensino de História e Teoria das Relações Internacionais | Multidisciplinarity and Interdisciplinarity in International Relations: teaching History and Theory of International Relations

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Loureiro ◽  
Feliciano De Sá Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Political Science ◽  
International Security ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
World War ◽  
Teaching History ◽  
The University

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma experiência interdisciplinar que vem sendo implementada em um curso de Relações Internacionais do Instituto de Relações Internacionais de Universidade de São Paulo entre as disciplinas de História das Relações Internacionais e Teoria das Relações Internacionais. Essas disciplinas foram estruturadas a partir de um eixo temático comum (segurança internacional e origem de guerras, em particular a 1º Guerra Mundial), a fim de viabilizar uma melhor interação entre as áreas de História e Ciência Política, tendo em vista a predominância de internacionalistas com formação em Política Internacional na oferta de cursos de Teorias de RI. Os resultados sugerem que as diferenças de abordagem teórico-metodológica entre História e Ciência Política, amplamente reconhecidas pela literatura, e que dificultam a integração entre essas disciplinas, também abrem ricas perspectivas para que limitações de um campo do conhecimento sejam compensadas pelas vantagens do outro.Palavras-chave: Ensino, Interdisciplinaridade, Multidisciplinaridade.ABSTRACTThis paper presents the results of an interdisciplinary experience that has been implemented in an International Relations course at the Institute of International Relations at the University of São Paulo between the disciplines of International Relations History and International Relations Theory. These disciplines were structured around a common thematic axis - international security and origin of wars, particularly World War I - to enable a better interaction between the areas of History and Political Science. The results suggest that the differences in the theoretical-methodological approach between History and Political Science, widely recognized in the literature, and which hinder the integration between these disciplines, also open rich perspectives for limitations of one field of knowledge to be offset by the advantages of the other.Keywords: Teaching, Interdisciplinarity, Multidisciplinarity.Recebido em: 01 out. 2018 | Aceito em: 08 abr. 2019

Seasonal Variation of Suicide in the City of São Paulo, Brazil, 1996–2010

Crisis ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Hideki Bando ◽  
Fernando Madalena Volpe
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Health Statistics ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
June July ◽  
The City ◽  
Over Time

Background: In light of the few reports from intertropical latitudes and their conflicting results, we aimed to replicate and update the investigation of seasonal patterns of suicide occurrences in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: Data relating to male and female suicides were extracted from the Mortality Information Enhancement Program (PRO-AIM), the official health statistics of the municipality of São Paulo. Seasonality was assessed by studying distribution of suicides over time using cosinor analyses. Results: There were 6,916 registered suicides (76.7% men), with an average of 39.0 ± 7.0 observed suicides per month. For the total sample and for both sexes, cosinor analysis estimated a significant seasonal pattern. For the total sample and for males suicide peaked in November (late spring) with a trough in May–June (late autumn). For females, the estimated peak occurred in January, and the trough in June–July. Conclusions: A seasonal pattern of suicides was found for both males and females, peaking in spring/summer and dipping in fall/winter. The scarcity of reports from intertropical latitudes warrants promoting more studies in this area.

International Opera in Nineteenth-century New York

2020 ◽  
pp. 244-269
Author(s):  
Karen Ahlquist
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
World War I ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Considerable Extent ◽  
World War ◽  
Metropolitan Opera ◽  
The City

This chapter charts how canonic repertories evolved in very different forms in New York City during the nineteenth century. The unstable succession of entrepreneurial touring troupes that visited the city adapted both repertory and individual pieces to the audience’s taste, from which there emerged a major theater, the Metropolitan Opera, offering a mix of German, Italian, and French works. The stable repertory in place there by 1910 resembles to a considerable extent that performed in the same theater today. Indeed, all of the twenty-five operas most often performed between 1883 and 2015 at the Metropolitan Opera were written before World War I. The repertory may seem haphazard in its diversity, but that very condition proved to be its strength in the long term. This chapter is paired with Benjamin Walton’s “Canons of real and imagined opera: Buenos Aires and Montevideo, 1810–1860.”

A Tower of Tangled Histories: The Upper Silesia Tower in Poznań and the Making of an Unromantic Poland, 1911–1955

Slavic Review ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 566-590
Author(s):  
Patryk Babiracki
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Cold War ◽  
World War I ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
World War ◽  
Upper Silesia ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The City ◽  
Over Time

Engaging with regional, international, and spatial histories, this article proposes a new reading of the twentieth-century Polish past by exploring the vicissitudes of a building known as the Upper Silesia Tower. Renowned German architect Hans Poelzig designed the Tower for the 1911 Ostdeutsche Ausstellung in Posen, an ethnically Polish city under Prussian rule. After Poland regained its independence following World War I, the pavilion, standing centrally on the grounds of Poznań’s International Trade Fair, became the fair's symbol, and over time, also evolved into visual shorthand for the city itself. I argue that the Tower's significance extends beyond Posen/Poznań, however. As an embodiment of the conflicts and contradictions of Polish-German historical entanglements, the building, in its changing forms, also concretized various efforts to redefine the dominant Polish national identity away from Romantic ideals toward values such as order, industriousness, and hard work. I also suggest that eventually, as a material structure harnessed into the service of socialism, the Tower, with its complicated past, also brings into relief questions about the regional dimensions of the clashes over the meaning of modernity during the Cold War.

scholarly journals AEROSOLS OBSERVATIONS BY AN ELASTIC LIDAR SYSTEM OVER THE CITY OF SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL

2001 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 407-408
Author(s):  
E. LANDULFO ◽  
A. PAPAYANNIS ◽  
A. ZANARDI DE FREITAS ◽  
M.P.P.. M. JORGE ◽  
N.D. VIEIRA JÚNIOR
Keyword(s):  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Lidar System ◽  
The City

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 on Urban Agriculture in São Paulo, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6185
Author(s):  
André Ruoppolo Biazoti ◽  
Angélica Campos Nakamura ◽  
Gustavo Nagib ◽  
Vitória Oliveira Pereira de Souza Leão ◽  
Giulia Giacchè ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Community Gardens ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Food Chains ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Sales Channels ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

During the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic, farmers worldwide were greatly affected by disruptions in the food chain. In 2020, São Paulo city experienced most of the effects of the pandemic in Brazil, with 15,587 deaths through December 2020. Here, we describe the impacts of COVID-19 on urban agriculture (UA) in São Paulo from April to August 2020. We analyzed two governmental surveys of 2100 farmers from São Paulo state and 148 from São Paulo city and two qualitative surveys of volunteers from ten community gardens and seven urban farmers. Our data showed that 50% of the farmers were impacted by the pandemic with drops in sales, especially those that depended on intermediaries. Some farmers in the city adapted to novel sales channels, but 22% claimed that obtaining inputs became difficult. No municipal support was provided to UA in São Paulo, and pre-existing issues were exacerbated. Work on community gardens decreased, but no garden permanently closed. Post COVID-19, UA will have the challenge of maintaining local food chains established during the pandemic. Due to the increase in the price of inputs and the lack of technical assistance, governmental efforts should be implemented to support UA.

Commentary: ‘Just the tip of the iceberg’: Queensland’s experience of the influenza pandemic of 1918–20

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-165
Author(s):  
Patrick Hodgson
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
The State ◽  
World War ◽  
Coastal Shipping ◽  
The City

AbstractThis article provides a synopsis of the spread of epidemic influenza throughout Queensland in 1919–20.1 Statewide the story was, to a greater or lesser extent, the same – regardless of occupation or whether one was from the city or the bush, on the coast or in the far west, no one was immune; even being 300 kilometres from the nearest epicentre of the outbreak was no guarantee of safety. An examination of the state’s newspapers, particularly the Brisbane Courier, makes it evident that outbreaks of influenza erupted almost simultaneously throughout the state. Aided and abetted by Queensland’s network of railways and coastal shipping, together with the crowding of people at country shows, race meetings and celebrations of the formal conclusion of World War I, the disease was swiftly diffused throughout the state. This article hopes to give the reader a sense of how the sheer scale and urgency of the crisis at times overwhelmed authorities and communities.

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