scholarly journals Design and Construction of an Innovative Device for Corrosion Testing of Materials in Different Environments

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-303
Author(s):  
Fernando Garcia-Hernandez ◽  
◽  
Adrian H. Oskam ◽  
Victor M. Castano ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
The United States ◽  
Corrosion Testing ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Laboratory Equipment ◽  
Loop Reactor ◽  
The World

Corrosion is the deterioration of a substance (usually a metal) or its properties because of the reaction with its environment. There are many forms of corrosion, some of which are encountered in everyday life. Direct losses due to corrosion are more than $276 billion dollars annually = 3.1% of Gross Domestic Product only in the United States. If we consider the rest of the world this figure would be many times higher. However, corrosion and its control besides of its importance, is often a neglected element in the practice of engineering. This work presents the design of an innovative low cost device to carry out corrosion testing of materials in different environments. High costs that result from the fabrication of special probes or devices for testing, make it an interesting challenge for the engineer or designer. This original and innovative device has been designed accordingly to both the laboratory equipment which will do the characterization and assessment of the corrosion testing, as well as the “Loop reactor” where testing will be carried out in different environments.

scholarly journals The Coming Revolution: The Healthcare Challenge

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Halamka
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
World Economy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
The World ◽  
The Right ◽  
The U.S

The United States spends nearly 17% of its gross domestic product on healthcare,1 almost double that of any other industrialized country,2 and achieves worse outcomes by many measures.3 The U.S. may have the most healthcare in the world, but we do not have the best healthcare. Today, Healthcare in the U.S. is a poor value. If we are going to remain competitive in the world economy, we must deliver the right care in the right setting at the right time at the right cost.

The Economic Situation

1961 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 4-18 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
The United States ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Economic Environment ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic

The July measures were followed by a halt to the increase in the gross domestic product and almost certainly by a slight down-turn. So far there is no indication of significant change in the balance of payments situation since the second quarter, although the measures halted speculation against sterling and have been followed by a renewed inflow of foreign funds. The world economic environment now seems somewhat less favourable to an improvement in the United Kingdom's payments situation than it did in September, in spite of the recovery in the United States. The main reasons for a more cautious prognostication now lie in a pause in the economic expansion of western Europe; this has contributed to the weakness of commodity prices and is therefore limiting the prospects for expanding exports to primary producing countries.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF THE UNITED STATES AND CHINA TRADE WAR ON GROWTH IN ASEAN COUNTRIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-78
Author(s):  
Kamran Jafarpour Ghaleh Teimouri ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Taghi Raeissadat
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Government ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
The World ◽  
Trade War ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
United States Trade

For more than a century, American had the biggest economy and the highest Gross Domestic Product (GDP) about 24.1%. On the other side of the world. Recently, China with 15.1% Gross Domestic Product (GDP) placed as the second biggest and the most influential economy in the world in 2017 (World Bank, 2019). Therefore, China and United States together have over 40% of the world GDP with the huge spatial economic influence in the world. The impact of a trade war between the United States and China has a negative influence in other countries and regions in particular in the ASEAN countries. The ASEAN countries are very exposed to China and United States they are more vulnerable to trade war between the United States and China. This study first evaluates the degree of negative impact of China and United States trade war on ASEAN countries. After that, show how an effective regional economic integration can minimize such problems in future. This research is based on available secondary data in United States government reports (e.g., United States Department of State, Office of United States trade) and (e.g. OCBC Bank and ASEAN). Based on data and research the descriptive-analytical method is used in this paper.

Letter to the Editor

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-134
Author(s):  
Arthur J. Shepard ◽  
Mia W. Doron
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
The United States ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Live Births ◽  
Sick Neonate ◽  
The World ◽  
Physician Care ◽  
Market Driven ◽  
Developed Nations

We read with interest William A. Silverman's commentary regarding the ratio of neonatologists per 10 000 live births in the United States compared with other similarly developed nations of the world.1 The tone and title of the commentary imply that the United States unwisely spends a disproportionate amount of gross domestic product on physician care of the sick neonate. Silverman postulates rhetorically that perhaps other similarly developed nations have set realistic limits on the number and compensation of neonatologists, or that perhaps America's "laissez-faire" capitalism allows market-driven expansion of the specialty.

scholarly journals Economic Contributions of the Green Industry in the United States in 20181

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Charles R. Hall ◽  
Alan W. Hodges ◽  
Hayk Khachatryan ◽  
Marco A. Palma
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The United States ◽  
Product Line ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Total Output ◽  
Green Industry ◽  
Industry Output

Abstract The economic contributions of the green industry in the United States were estimated for 2018 using information on industry employment and wages, and economic multipliers from a U.S. IMPLAN economic model. Direct industry output for all sectors was estimated at $159.57 billion (B), and total output contributions, including indirect and induced regional economic multiplier effects of export sales, were $348.08 B. The total value added contribution to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was $190.98 B, including labor income contributions of $121.55 B, other property income contributions of $16.01 B and business taxes paid to local, state and federal governments of $25.84 B. The industry had direct employment of 1,599,662 fulltime and part-time individuals, and total employment contributions of 2,315,357 jobs in the broader economy. The largest individual industry sectors in terms of employment and GDP contributions were landscaping and horticultural services (1,460,669 jobs, $221.89 B), greenhouse, nursery and floriculture production (217,574 jobs, $28.69 B), and lawn and garden equipment and supplies stores (292,614 jobs, $43.80 B). The top ten states in terms of employment contributions were California (264,913 jobs), Florida (203,482), Texas (161,151), Ohio (90,406), Pennsylvania (90,075), New York (90,266), Illinois (87,595), North Carolina (78,766), Michigan (77,719), and Georgia (66,527). Since 2013, green industry contributions in 2018 increased by 16.2% for employment and 17.3% for GDP in inflation-adjusted terms. Growth in the industry was highest for wholesale and retail trade, while production and manufacturing declined. Although the green industry has grown slowly in recent years, it remains an important contributor to national, state and local economies. Index words: Sales, industry output, employment, value added, Gross Domestic Product, production, manufacturing, landscaping services, wholesale, retail, lawn and garden product line.

scholarly journals Financial impact of foreign exchange entering the state of Guanajuato

2019 ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
María De La Luz Gómez-Bravo ◽  
Jessica Margarita Gomez-Bravo ◽  
Miguel Ángel Andrade-Oseguera ◽  
José Luis Barcenas-Puente
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Financial Impact ◽  
Domestic Product

This work is focused on the financial impact that the state of Guanajuato has for the dozens of families that depend on the currencies sent by their relatives who are in the United States of America since these are the ones that reactivate the economy of the 46 municipalities of the state, the Currencies are almost 90% of the sources of income for families in the state. The Bank of Mexico reported that in the first half of the year more than One Thousand Two Hundred million dollars arrived, then approximately 600 million dollars are arriving in the state per quarter, this money that is sent by migrants has been destined to the basic needs of their relatives a 70% is used in food the other 30% is used in health and housing modifications. This places the state of Guanajuato in 3rd place of migrants to the neighboring country, the currencies for the state represent 6% of the Gross Domestic Product GDP of the state

scholarly journals The Role of TNCs in U.S. Economic Strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (520) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
O. V. Chernova ◽  
◽  
D. H. Zaiats ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Transnational Corporations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Economic Strategy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

The article is aimed at analyzing the impact of American transnational corporations (TNCs) on the economic strategy of the United States of America. During the research, the essence of the category of «transnational corporation» is considered and the peculiarities of functioning of the leading TNCs are defined. The key vectors of U. S. economic strategy at the present stage are specified. The activities of transnational (multinational) corporations in the United States of America is analyzed. The article carries out a comprehensive analysis of the existing ratings of American transnational corporations. The key indicators of their activity in various spheres of public production and sectors of economy are analyzed. The impact of transnational corporations on the U.S. economy is evaluated by analyzing the dynamics of exports, imports, indices of gross domestic product (GDP) and gross domestic product per capita. The activities of American TNCs in the territories of foreign countries is studied. The analysis of the dynamics of direct foreign investment of the United States of America abroad and the scale of investment in the national economy of the country from abroad is carried out. The geographical structure of foreign direct investment from the United States of America is considered. Existing threats to the U.S. economy caused by transnational corporations are identified, and their consequences are estimated. Conclusions have been drawn on the future prospects of transnationalization of the US economy and the impact of global companies on the economic strategy of the United States of America.

Technology and Gross World Product

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Angus Hooke ◽  
Lauren Alati
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Economic History ◽  
The United States ◽  
The World ◽  
Income Approach ◽  
History Of ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Gross World Product

This chapter divides the economic history of humans into technological eras and uses a population multiplied by per capita income approach to estimate gross world product in each era and, therefore, for the history of humankind. It also provides an overview of the major technologies that introduced each era and supported growth during the era. The chapter uses a model developed by the authors to predict gross world product during the remainder of the 21st century (2021-2100). It also considers which economies might have been the largest in the world since the dawn of civilisation about 6,000 years ago. The chapter concludes with the prediction that China, India, and the United States will remain the dominant economic powers during the remainder of the 21st century, that the gross domestic product (GDP) of India will pass that of the United States in the late 2030s and the GDP of China in the late 2040s, and will be more than 50% larger than that of second-placed China by 2100.

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