UKRAINIAN ARCHITECTURAL MODERN STYLE IN THE WORKS OF IVAN LEVINSKY

The article considers the formative features of the formation of the Ukrainian architectural style (modern style) as a phenomenon that has accumulated both properties characteristic of the style of Western European countries, and national traditions of the formation of folk housing or sacred construction. Ukrainian architectural style (modern style) has become an outstanding phenomenon in the development of domestic and European architectural art. It has absorbed many features that have become common to the pan-European architectural heritage, with its features and differences in the varieties of its expression. During the XIX-early XX centuries, church buildings appear in temple architecture, and they were based on the foundations of a "modern" or "realistic" understanding of shaping. Therefore, there is a focus on national culture and traditions, in an innovative sound. Linearity and decorativeness are manifested in stylistic solutions and detailing of decorative elements and inserts. In Galicia, for the first time in 1894, a building was implemented that embodied the above-mentioned features and principles of the formation of the UAS (UAMS). And its creator was the famous architect and industrialist Ivan Levinsky, professor of Lviv Polytechnic.

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PRIVATE CONSUMPTION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Economy and sociology ◽

10.36004/nier.es.2021.1-05 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 52-62

Author(s):

ONOFREI Nicoleta ◽

PAŞA, Adina Teodora

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

National Culture ◽

Private Consumption ◽

Western Europe ◽

European Countries ◽

Alcoholic Beverages ◽

Eastern European ◽

The European Union ◽

Western European ◽

Eastern European Countries

The aim of this paper is to study consumption of households from an economic and cultural perspective in the European Union with 28 Member States during the period 2010-2019. For this purpose, we compared the Eastern European countries, dominated by rapid economic growth and development with the Western European countries, which represent the most developed countries in the EU-28. From this perspective, we proposed a multidimensional analysis of consumption that includes macroeconomic indicators of households’ wealth, which strongly influence their consumption together with an overview on expenditure by consumption purpose. Moreover, we have also considered Hofstede’s cultural dimension theory based initially on four cultural dimensions (power distance, individualism versus collectivism, masculinity versus femininity, and uncertainty avoidance) to observe the impact national culture plays on households’ consumption in Eastern and Western European countries tracking the historical changes of these countries. Our methodological approach consisted in descriptive and inferential statistics based on the selected economic and cultural indicators. Pearson’s product-moment correlations were calculated to assess the correlations between the variables. Our analysis shows that the level of wealth is lower in Eastern European countries compared to Western Europe, which influences significantly the private consumption in these countries. Moreover, the systematic differences of national culture between Eastern and Western Europe influence strongly the private consumption of their population. Results of this paper indicate that in Eastern European countries the highest share of expenditure is allocated to primary needs such as food, non-alcoholic beverages, alcoholic beverages and cigarettes to the detriment of health, education, recreation and culture.

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CASE STUDY: Regional Cultural Differences Within and Across Four Western European Countries

TRANSNATIONAL MARKETING JOURNAL ◽

10.33182/tmj.v6i1.377 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 23-47

Author(s):

Nadine Waehning ◽

Ibrahim Sirkeci ◽

Stephan Dahl ◽

Sinan Zeyneloglu

Keyword(s):

Cultural Values ◽

Cultural Differences ◽

European Countries ◽

Cultural Value ◽

Business Strategies ◽

Business Plans ◽

Regional Markets ◽

Gender Education ◽

Western European

This case study examines and illustrates within country regional cultural differences and cross border cultural similarities across four western European countries. Drawing on the data from the World Values Survey (WVS), we refer to the Schwartz Cultural Values Inventory in the survey. The demographic variables of age, gender, education level, marital status and income vary across the regions and hence, have significant effects on the cultural value dimensions across regions. The findings help a better understanding of the homogeneity and heterogeneity of regions withinand across countries. Both researchers and managers will have to justify their sampling methods and generalisations more carefully when drawing conclusions for a whole country. This case study underlines the limited knowledge about regional within country cultural differences, while also illustrating the simplification of treating each country as culturally homogeneous. Cross-country business strategies connecting transnational regional markets based on cultural value characteristics need to take these similarities and differences into account when designating business plans.

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Knowledge about basic life support in European students

Orvosi Hetilap ◽

10.1556/oh.2014.29898 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 155 (21) ◽

pp. 833-837 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

József Marton ◽

Attila Pandúr ◽

Emese Pék ◽

Krisztina Deutsch ◽

Bálint Bánfai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Basic Life Support ◽

Life Support ◽

European Countries ◽

Eastern European ◽

Knowledge And Skills ◽

European Students ◽

Western European ◽

Eastern European Countries ◽

European Youth

Introduction: Better knowledge and skills of basic life support can save millions of lives each year in Europe. Aim: The aim of this study was to measure the knowledge about basic life support in European students. Method: From 13 European countries 1527 volunteer participated in the survey. The questionnaire consisted of socio-demographic questions and knowledge regarding basic life support. The maximum possible score was 18. Results: Those participants who had basic life support training earned 11.91 points, while those who had not participated in lifesaving education had 9.6 points (p<0.001). Participants from former socialist Eastern European countries reached 10.13 points, while Western Europeans had average 10.85 points (p<0.001). The best results were detected among the Swedish students, and the worst among the Belgians. Conclusions: Based on the results, there are significant differences in the knowledge about basic life support between students from different European countries. Western European youth, and those who were trained had better performance. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(21), 833–837.

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Central and Eastern European states in global production linkages: country-level and sector-level analysis

10.31338/1641-2478pe.2.17.3 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 38-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ewa Cieślik

Keyword(s):

Global Value Chains ◽

Jel Classification ◽

European Countries ◽

Value Chains ◽

Eastern European ◽

Large Share ◽

Country Level ◽

Western European ◽

Eastern European Countries ◽

Level Analysis

The paper evaluates Central and Eastern European countries’ (CEEs) location in global vertical specialization (global value chains, GVCs). To locate each country in global value chains (upstream or downstream segment/market) and to compare them with the selected countries, a very selective methodology was adopted. We concluded that (a) CEE countries differ in the levels of their participation in production linkages. Countries that have stronger links with Western European countries, especially with Germany, are more integrated; (b) a large share of the CEE countries’ gross exports passes through Western European GVCs; (c) most exporters in Central and Eastern Europe are positioned in the downstream segments of production rather than in the upstream markets. JEL classification: F14, F15.

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PMH54 ADHD Among Adults in Five Western European Countries: An Analysis of National Health and Wellness Survey Data

Value in Health ◽

10.1016/j.jval.2012.08.844 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 15 (7) ◽

pp. A343-A344 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S.L. Able ◽

V. Haynes ◽

K. Annunziata ◽

H. Upadhyaya ◽

W. Deberdt

Keyword(s):

Survey Data ◽

National Health ◽

European Countries ◽

Health And Wellness ◽

Western European

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Investigator Initiated Clinical Trials (IICTs): A Systematic Search in Registries to Compare the Czech Republic and Portugal in Terms of Funding Policies and Scientific Outcomes

Therapeutic Innovation & Regulatory Science ◽

10.1007/s43441-021-00293-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

C. Madeira ◽

L. Hořavová ◽

F. dos Santos ◽

J. R. Batuca ◽

K. Nebeska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Czech Republic ◽

Clinical Research ◽

Systematic Search ◽

European Countries ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Research Outcomes ◽

Funding Policies ◽

Funding Agencies ◽

First Time

Abstract Objectives Clinical trials provide one of the highest levels of evidence to support medical practice. Investigator initiated clinical trials (IICTs) answer relevant questions in clinical practice that may not be addressed by industry. For the first time, two European Countries are compared in terms of IICTs, respective funders and publications, envisaging to inspire others to use similar indicators to assess clinical research outcomes. Methods A retrospective systematic search of registered IICTs from 2004 to 2017, using four clinical trials registries was carried out in two European countries with similar population, GDP, HDI and medical schools but with different governmental models to fund clinical research. Each IICT was screened for sponsors, funders, type of intervention and associated publications, once completed. Results IICTs involving the Czech Republic and Portugal were n = 439 (42% with hospitals as sponsors) and n = 328 (47% with universities as sponsors), respectively. The Czech Republic and Portuguese funding agencies supported respectively 61 and 27 IICTs. Among these, trials with medicinal products represent 52% in Czech Republic and 4% in Portugal. In the first, a higher percentage of IICTs’ publications in high impact factor journals with national investigators as authors was observed, when compared to Portugal (75% vs 15%). Conclusion The better performance in clinical research by Czech Republic might be related to the existence of specific and periodic funding for clinical research, although further data are still needed to confirm this relationship. In upcoming years, the indicators used herein might be useful to tracking clinical research outcomes in these and other European countries.

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Digital Graphic Documentation and Architectural Heritage: Deformations in a 16th-Century Ceiling of the Pinelo Palace in Seville (Spain)

ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information ◽

10.3390/ijgi10020085 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 85

Author(s):

Juan Reinoso-Gordo ◽

Antonio Gámiz-Gordo ◽

Pedro Barrero-Ortega

Keyword(s):

20Th Century ◽

Digital Image ◽

Digital Images ◽

Laser Scanner ◽

16Th Century ◽

Southern Europe ◽

Architectural Heritage ◽

Digital Documentation ◽

First Time

Suitable graphic documentation is essential to ascertain and conserve architectural heritage. For the first time, accurate digital images are provided of a 16th-century wooden ceiling, composed of geometric interlacing patterns, in the Pinelo Palace in Seville. Today, this ceiling suffers from significant deformation. Although there are many publications on the digital documentation of architectural heritage, no graphic studies on this type of deformed ceilings have been presented. This study starts by providing data on the palace history concerning the design of geometric interlacing patterns in carpentry according to the 1633 book by López de Arenas, and on the ceiling consolidation in the 20th century. Images were then obtained using two complementary procedures: from a 3D laser scanner, which offers metric data on deformations; and from photogrammetry, which facilitates the visualisation of details. In this way, this type of heritage is documented in an innovative graphic approach, which is essential for its conservation and/or restoration with scientific foundations and also to disseminate a reliable digital image of the most beautiful ceiling of this Renaissance palace in southern Europe.

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Avoidance, ambiguity, alternation: Position blurring strategies in multidimensional party competition

European Union Politics ◽

10.1177/14651165211027472 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 146511652110274

Author(s):

Jelle Koedam

Keyword(s):

European Integration ◽

Strategic Behavior ◽

Party Competition ◽

European Countries ◽

Political Accountability ◽

Democratic Representation ◽

Party Leaders ◽

Party Strategy ◽

Political Outcome ◽

Western European

In a multidimensional environment, parties may have compelling incentives to obscure their preferences on select issues. This study contributes to a growing literature on position blurring by demonstrating how party leaders purposively create uncertainty about where their party stands on the issue of European integration. By doing so, it theoretically and empirically disentangles the cause of position blurring—parties’ strategic behavior—from its intended political outcome. The analysis of survey and manifesto data across 14 Western European countries (1999–2019) confirms that three distinct strategies—avoidance, ambiguity, and alternation—all increase expert uncertainty about a party's position. This finding is then unpacked by examining for whom avoidance is particularly effective. This study has important implications for our understanding of party strategy, democratic representation, and political accountability.

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The Developmental Consequences for Asylum-seeking Children Living With the Prospect for Five Years or More of Enforced Return to Their Home Country

European Journal of Migration and Law ◽

10.1163/157181609x410584 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 41-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

M.E. Kalverboer ◽

A.E. Zijlstra ◽

E.J. Knorth

Keyword(s):

Home Country ◽

Children's Rights ◽

Legal Framework ◽

European Countries ◽

Children’S Rights ◽

Positive Development ◽

Member States ◽

Developmental Risks ◽

Western European ◽

Legal Procedures

This study examines the European legal framework and policy on children’s rights and on the development and developmental risks of children from asylum-seeking families who have lived in asylum centres for over five years with the prospect of being forced to return to their home country. The legal procedures and practices of Member States in the Western European countries seem to be far too lengthy, and the standards for reception far too low to protect the children’s positive development.

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