scholarly journals Change of car driver`s stress index during different periods of the day in urban traffic conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Yuri Davidich ◽  
◽  
Yevhen Kush ◽  
Denys Ponkratov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Transport Process ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Driving Assistance ◽  
Almost All

Nowadays, the transport industry plays an important role in human well-being and the functioning of any settlement. Transport systems are involved in almost all areas of production and services. Therefore, any failure in its operation can lead to significant material costs. One of the most important such systems is “driver - vehicle - road - environment”. It should be noted, that the main link in it is “driver”. The correctness and duration of decision-making in different road situations depend on the driver`s functional state. This directly affects the level of traffic safety. Consequently, the tasks of modern transport research are the introduction of methods of the vehicle driver`s conditions monitoring and the detection of his fatigue in its early stages. That`s why the actuality of studying the human operator role in the transport process and the creation of modern means of driving assistance are increasing now.

scholarly journals Traffic conditions and their impact on the functional state of the bus driver

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
Taras Postranskyy ◽  
Maksym Afonin ◽  
Dmytrii Kosynkin
Keyword(s):  
Functional State ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
The Road ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Bus Driver ◽  
The Impact

Problem. The study of the human factor in transport systems is increasingly important, given the rapid level of motorization and the development of the transport industry in general. Accordingly, there is a task of ensuring the appropriate traffic safety level. Today, in this area, are usually taken into account the road conditions and the road`s design parameters, but often miss the role of the "human factor". At the same time, with the development of methodologies and technical items, these issues are partly researched and solved. Thus, during considering issues related to traffic safety, it is necessary to pay attention to the drivers` functional state (FS) and psychophysiological qualities, their reliability, factors of negative impact on their body, etc. Goal. The research aims to establish how the bus driver`s FS changes under the influence of various traffic conditions` factors. Methodology. The approaches adopted in the paper, which are necessary to solve the goal, are based on theoretical and practical principles for determining the indicators of a human`s FS during professional activity, their regulatory values, allowable ranges of change, etc. Results. The obtained mathematical and graphical dependences take into account the change of transport process operator`s FS under the influence of such factors as the bus`s speed, the altitude of the highway and the duration of the driver work. The stress index (SI) is selected as the driver`s status indicator. It is established that its values range from 87 to 342 c.u. It was studied that the increase in speed leads to an increase in the driver's SI by about 35%. During the statistical data analysis, it was also found that the highest values of SI were observed on sections of roads at an altitude of 250 - 320 m and 420 - 500 m. At the same time, during the increase of the driver's work duration, the value of the SI increased by about 25% and could approach the value of 250 c.u. In accordance with the above, it can be argued that there is an influence of the driver`s driving conditions and work on his FS. Originality. The obtained regularities reflect the impact of drivers' working conditions on the value of their FS, which affects the probability of their accident-free operation and, as a result, traffic safety. Practical value. The obtained results allow the creation of recommendations for developing schedules of drivers` work and rest taking into account the traffic conditions on the route and the conditions of driver's work.

scholarly journals Decision-making on Public Transportation Services Based on the Socio-economic, Psychological, and Environmental Concern Factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
Nattanin Ueasin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Service Selection ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Border Area ◽  
Transportation Services ◽  
The Impact

Aim: This research aims to study the socio-economic, psychological, and environmental factors which affect the decision making of passengers with regard to the use of public transportation route from Nong Khai province, which is considered as the border area of Thailand and Laos, to many destinations. Methods: The study was initially carried out by collecting data from 450 passengers using two public transportation services and 200 passengers using private cars. An analysis was conducted by means of descriptive statistics, factor analysis and binary logistic regression. Results: The results showed that the status, age, domicile, self-satisfaction and accomplishment, safety of life and property, and self-consciousness and environmental conservation practice influenced the choice of both the alternatives. Conclusion: To develop a service model, a variety of bus and van services must be provided to match the varied demand of passengers with different levels of purchasing power. It is also important to consider the impact of various factors that affect the public bus service selection, which may result in improved public transport systems. As a consequence, the well-being of border area citizens can be improved.

scholarly journals Towards an End-to-End Framework of CCTV-Based Urban Traffic Volume Detection and Prediction

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 629
Author(s):  
Maria V. Peppa ◽  
Tom Komar ◽  
Wen Xiao ◽  
Phil James ◽  
Craig Robson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Approaches To Study ◽  
End To End

Near real-time urban traffic analysis and prediction are paramount for effective intelligent transport systems. Whilst there is a plethora of research on advanced approaches to study traffic recently, only one-third of them has focused on urban arterials. A ready-to-use framework to support decision making in local traffic bureaus using largely available IoT sensors, especially CCTV, is yet to be developed. This study presents an end-to-end urban traffic volume detection and prediction framework using CCTV image series. The framework incorporates a novel Faster R-CNN to generate vehicle counts and quantify traffic conditions. Then it investigates the performance of a statistical-based model (SARIMAX), a machine learning (random forest; RF) and a deep learning (LSTM) model to predict traffic volume 30 min in the future. Tests at six locations with varying traffic conditions under different lengths of past time series are used to train the prediction models. RF and LSTM provided the most accurate predictions, with RF being faster than LSTM. The developed framework has been successfully applied to fill data gaps under adverse weather conditions when data are missing. It can be potentially implemented in near real time at any CCTV location and integrated into an online visualization platform.

scholarly journals Study on Driver Visual Physiological Characteristics in Urban Traffic

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 789364
Author(s):  
Fengyuan Wang ◽  
Min Li ◽  
Jieyu Fan ◽  
Fuquan Pan
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Light Signal ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Urban Road ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Theoretical Support ◽  
Eye Closure ◽  
And Behavior

In the integrated traffic environment, human factor is always a main factor of the three elementary factors, besides the vehicle and road factor. The driver physiological and psychological characteristics have an important impact especially on traffic safety in urban road traffic conditions. Some typical traffic scenes in condition of urban road, such as light signal control at intersection, overtaking, and passing, are selected for condition analysis. An eye movement apparatus was used to obtain driver eye closure, blink frequency, and other visual physiological indicators in the traffic conditions of urban road. The regular patterns of driver visual characteristics in the corresponding scenes were analyzed in detail to provide data and theoretical support for the further research on traffic safety of urban environment from the viewpoint of driver psychology and behavior.

scholarly journals Striving for smart mobility in Morocco: a case of lanes designated to heavy goods vehicles in Casablanca

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-88
Author(s):  
Mohammed Mouhcine Maaroufi ◽  
Laila Stour ◽  
Ali Agoumi
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Efficient Solutions ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Traffic Information ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Smart Mobility ◽  
Heavy Goods Vehicles

Abstract This article highlights the need to rethink how to manage mobility in Morocco more intelligently, given that it is a major pillar of economic competitiveness. Smart mobility based on Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) allows to improve and ensure the optimal use of existing infrastructure before embarking on heavy and irreversible infrastructure projects. The case regarding the separation of the urban traffic and the Heavy Goods Vehicles (HGV) traffic circulating between Casablanca Port and Zenata Dry Port is a relevant example where smart mobility could provide efficient solutions without building costly tunnels. A dynamic simulation was made using the Aimsun software to quantify the relevance of the proposed lane designated to HGV in the existing road. This simulation allows to visualise congestion sections and quantify the circulation of vehicles and pedestrians. The article presents defined functions and characteristics of the Advanced Traffic Management (ATM) to ensure the optimal operation and efficient setting of the simulation. All appliances, hardware, and sensors that will be set up on-site will help to improve traffic safety, traffic flow, traffic information, and reduce congestion and pollution. This case study illustrates the complexity of managing the flow of goods in cities and suggests how to solve this type of problems using smart mobility. This research proposes reserving a special lane for HGV. ITS will help this cost-optimal alternative, will promote the urban framework of the coastal road, and contribute to sustainable mobility in Casablanca.

The Relationship Between Hearing Loss Self-Management and Hearing Aid Benefit and Satisfaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Convery ◽  
Gitte Keidser ◽  
Louise Hickson ◽  
Carly Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Hearing Aid Benefit ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Hearing loss self-management refers to the knowledge and skills people use to manage the effects of hearing loss on all aspects of their daily lives. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-reported hearing loss self-management and hearing aid benefit and satisfaction. Method Thirty-seven adults with hearing loss, all of whom were current users of bilateral hearing aids, participated in this observational study. The participants completed self-report inventories probing their hearing loss self-management and hearing aid benefit and satisfaction. Correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationship between individual domains of hearing loss self-management and hearing aid benefit and satisfaction. Results Participants who reported better self-management of the effects of their hearing loss on their emotional well-being and social participation were more likely to report less aided listening difficulty in noisy and reverberant environments and greater satisfaction with the effect of their hearing aids on their self-image. Participants who reported better self-management in the areas of adhering to treatment, participating in shared decision making, accessing services and resources, attending appointments, and monitoring for changes in their hearing and functional status were more likely to report greater satisfaction with the sound quality and performance of their hearing aids. Conclusion Study findings highlight the potential for using information about a patient's hearing loss self-management in different domains as part of clinical decision making and management planning.

scholarly journals Covid-19 FAQ’s in Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology – AEPC position paper.

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Skaiste Sendzikaite ◽  
Ruth Heying ◽  
Ornella Milanesi ◽  
Katarina Hanseus ◽  
Ina Michel-Behnke
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Position Paper ◽  
Paediatric Cardiology ◽  
European Paediatric ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
The Times ◽  
Almost All

Abstract The Covid-19 pandemic has had a huge influence in almost all areas of life, affecting societies, economics and health care systems worldwide. The paediatric cardiology community is no exception. As the challenging battle with Covid-19 continues, professionals from the Association for the European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology (AEPC) receive many questions regarding Covid-19 in a Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology setting. The aim of this paper is to present the AEPC position on frequently asked questions based on the most recent scientific data, as well as to frame a discussion on how to take care of our patients during this unprecedented crisis. As the times are changing quickly and information regarding Covid-19 is very dynamic, continuous collection of evidence will help guide constructive decision-making.

A moral analysis of intelligent decision-support systems in diagnostics through the lens of Luciano Floridi’s information ethics

Human Affairs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-164
Author(s):  
Dmytro Mykhailov
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Medical Diagnosis ◽  
Moral Agency ◽  
Moral Agent ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Medical Diagnostics ◽  
Intelligent Decision ◽  
Luciano Floridi ◽  
Intelligent Decision Support

Abstract Contemporary medical diagnostics has a dynamic moral landscape, which includes a variety of agents, factors, and components. A significant part of this landscape is composed of information technologies that play a vital role in doctors’ decision-making. This paper focuses on the so-called Intelligent Decision-Support System that is widely implemented in the domain of contemporary medical diagnosis. The purpose of this article is twofold. First, I will show that the IDSS may be considered a moral agent in the practice of medicine today. To develop this idea I will introduce the approach to artificial agency provided by Luciano Floridi. Simultaneously, I will situate this approach in the context of contemporary discussions regarding the nature of artificial agency. It is argued here that the IDSS possesses a specific sort of agency, includes several agent features (e.g. autonomy, interactivity, adaptability), and hence, performs an autonomous behavior, which may have a substantial moral impact on the patient’s well-being. It follows that, through the technology of artificial neural networks combined with ‘deep learning’ mechanisms, the IDSS tool achieves a specific sort of independence (autonomy) and may possess a certain type of moral agency. Second, I will provide a conceptual framework for the ethical evaluation of the moral impact that the IDSS may have on the doctor’s decision-making and, consequently, on the patient’s wellbeing. This framework is the Object-Oriented Model of Moral Action developed by Luciano Floridi. Although this model appears in many contemporary discussions in the field of information and computer ethics, it has not yet been applied to the medical domain. This paper addresses this gap and seeks to reveal the hidden potentialities of the OOP model for the field of medical diagnosis.

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