scholarly journals Why Asymptomatic COVID19 Patient Could Face a Sudden Death

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (03) ◽  
pp. 178-183
Author(s):  
Amr Zaher ◽  
Sara Ali
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Sudden Death ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Death Cases

Since the novel SARS-COV 2 has emerged from its inception in December 2019 till November 2020 about 68,587,138 infected cases,47,482,639 recovered, and 1,563,468 deaths [1,2]. Most of the death cases were diagnosed with critically ill pneumonia correlated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) [2]. All of the previous numbers mostly have been recorded based on the patients who displayed symptoms whether from the most common symptoms like fatigue, cough, fever or severe symptoms as trouble breathing, persistent pain, or pressure in the chest. However, there are many infected people but didn't show any symptoms although they were developing COVID 19 complications, and some of them even died before know that they had a COVID 19. This is one of the most mysterious actions of coronavirus and bewildered the physicians how the patient could lose his oxygen gradually without panting to catch up his breath. In other words, asymptomatic patients who look completely fine don’t necessarily far from the risk; they perhaps internally suffer from silent hypoxia or lung damage.

Nitric oxide and interval hypoxic training in COVID-19 rehabilitation— new research direction

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-41
Author(s):  
Tatyana Nikolaevna Tsyganova ◽  
Egor Egorov ◽  
Tamara Nikolaevna Voronina
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Hypoxic Training

COVID-19, a disease caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, primarily affects lung tissue and disrupts gas exchange, leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome, systemic hypoxia, and lung damage. The search for methods of prevention and rehabilitation, especially after suffering from pneumonia caused by COVID-19, is on the agenda. This article discusses the possibilities of the interval hypoxic training (IHT) method for preventing infections by initiating nitric oxide production in the body. One of the main effects of IHT is the balanced stimulation of nitric oxide (NO) secretion. Over the past two decades, there has been an increasing interest in the function of nitric oxide (NO) in the human body. Nitric oxide plays a key role in maintaining normal vascular function and regulating inflammatory processes, including those leading to lung damage and the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Our immune system destroys bacteria and viruses by oxidative burst, i.e. when oxygen accumulates inside the cell. This process also involves nitric oxide, a signaling molecule that has an antibacterial and antiviral effect, as well as regulates vascular tone and affects the permeability of the cell wall. Interval hypoxytherapy enhances endogenous oxidative protection and increases the amount of nitric oxide, thus allowing the body’s cells to resist infection more effectively. Mitochondrial NOS induction and mitochondrial NO synthesis increase under the action of pathogenic factors on the cell. By modulating the activity of mtNOS and the synthesis of mitochondrial NO, it is possible to increase the resistance to hypoxic effects. Interval hypo-hyperoxic training as an effective non-specific method of increasing the body’s defenses is indispensable not only in the prevention of viral infection, but also in rehabilitation after viral pneumonia, as well as as a method that reduces the severity of viral infection in the event of infection.

Sevoflurane, Compared With Isoflurane, Minimizes Lung Damage in Pulmonary but Not in Extrapulmonary Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 491-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana N. Araújo ◽  
Cíntia L. Santos ◽  
Cynthia S. Samary ◽  
Luciana B. B. Heil ◽  
Vinicius C. M. Cavalcanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Lung Damage

scholarly journals Protective - ventilation strategy in the acute respiratory distress syndrome

2004 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Bumbasirevic ◽  
V. Bukumirovic ◽  
Nada Popovic ◽  
V. Nikolic ◽  
Nevena Kalezic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Pulmonary Ventilation ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Ventilatory Strategy ◽  
Protective Ventilation Strategy

Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) contribute to progressive hypoxemia in critically ill patients. It has been proved that conventional mechanical ventilation with physiological respiratory volume contributes to further lung damage. In this respect, application of protective ventilatory strategy - pulmonary ventilation with limited volume and pressure can avoid mentioned consequences. The aim of this paper is to discuss mechanims by which elements contained in protective mechanical ventilation of patients with ALI/ARDS prevent further progrssive lung injury, to argue the effects of positive end - expiratory pressure and present insturctions for its application.

scholarly journals Recovery of COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome with tocilizumab: successful outcome in two critically ill patients

Immunotherapy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 1127-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan David Cala-García ◽  
Juan David Sierra-Bretón ◽  
Jorge Eduardo Cavelier-Baiz ◽  
Álvaro A Faccini-Martínez ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Pérez-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Principal Mechanism ◽  
Prior Administration

Background: Severe pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to COVID-19 is a challenge for nowadays medical practice. Although there is no clarity in the principal mechanism of lung damage and ARDS development, it has been suggested that one of the main reasons of this pathology is the hyperactivation of the immune system, better known as cytokine storm syndrome. Tocilizumab has been proposed to treat COVID-19 severe cases associated to ARDS. Results & methodology: Here we present two successful cases of tocilizumab administration in two COVID-19 patients with prior administration of antiviral therapy (hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, lopinavir and ritonavir) with adequate response and resolution of ARDS, septic shock and severe pneumonia within the first 72 h. Discussion & conclusion: This case supports the usage of tocilizumab as an effective therapy in COVID-19 associated cytokine storm syndrome. Further studies should be done in order to assess its effectiveness and security.

scholarly journals Clinical characteristics and prognosis of drug-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome compared with non-drug-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome: a single-centre retrospective study in Japan

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. e015330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisuke Anan ◽  
Kazuya Ichikado ◽  
Kodai Kawamura ◽  
Takeshi Johkoh ◽  
Kiminori Fujimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Tension ◽  
Ventilator Weaning ◽  
Serum Lactate ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase

ObjectivesTo report the clinical features and prognosis of drug-associatedacute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).DesignA retrospective analysis of data collected during a prospective cohort study.SettingIntensive care unit in a teaching hospital.ParticipantsA total of 197 Japanese patients with ARDS diagnosed by the Berlin definition who were admitted to the Division of Respiratory Medicine from October 2004 to December 2015 were enrolled in the study and were classified as two groups according to their causes: a drug-associated ARDS group (n=27) and a non-drug-associated ARDS group (n=170). Primary outcome measure is 28-day mortality, and the secondaryoutcome measure is ventilator-free days.ResultsThe Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores were significantly lower in the drug-associated ARDS group than in the non-drug-associated ARDS group (median (IQR): 18.0 (16.5–21.0) vs 23.0 (18.0–26.0), p<0.001), and the arterial oxygen tension/fractional inspired oxygen ratio was higher (148.0 (114.1–177.5) vs 101.0 (71.5–134.0), p=0.003). In the drug-associated ARDS group, although high-resolution CT scores indicative of the extent of fibroproliferation (301.6 (244.1–339.8) vs 208.3 (183.4–271.6), p<0.001), serum lactate dehydrogenase levels (477 (365–585) vs 322 (246–434), p=0.003) and the McCabe scores (score 1/2/3, n (%): 20 (74)/4 (15)/3 (11)vs154 (91)/7 (4)/9 (5), p=0.04) were significantly higher, ventilator weaning was earlier (p<0.001) and 28-day mortality was better (p=0.043). After adjusting for potentially confounding covariates, drug-associated ARDS group was associated with lower 28-day mortality (adjusted HR (HR) 0.275; 95% CI 0.106 to 0.711; p=0.008).ConclusionsAlthough more severe lung damage with fibroproliferation was observed in patients with drug-associated ARDS, ventilator weaning was earlier, and their prognosis was better than the others. Further well-designed prospective studies are needed.

scholarly journals Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (PARDS) On Pediatric COVID-19 Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-157
Author(s):  
Siti Rahmah ◽  
Lalu Wahyu Alfian Muharzami ◽  
Lastri Akhdani Almaesy ◽  
Putri Nurhayati ◽  
Ridha Sasmitha A
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Handling Technique ◽  
The Difference ◽  
One Year ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

At the end of 2019, there was a pandemic happening in the world, called the novel Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Various spectrums of disease from COVID-19, one of which is ARDS. The incidence of COVID-19 in children is not as much as in adults. However, in children under one year of age it can get worse. The main characteristic of worsening infection is the occurrence of ARDS.  Objective: To find out the best treatment for PARDS in COVID-19 patients. Method: The writing of this article uses various sources from scientific journals to government guidelines and related institutions. Search articles using the keywords “Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome”, “ARDS”, “Pediatric Respiratory Distress Syndrome”, “PARDS”, and “PARDS on COVID-19” Result and Discussion: PARDS was defined based on PALICC in 2015. Pathophysiology of PARDS in COVID-19 patients is still unclear. However, there is a theory that explains the way SARS-Cov-2 enters cells, namely through membrane fusion, giving rise to ARDS. The difference in handling PARDS for COVID-19 patients is that the handling technique is more alert to the risk of aerosols. Conclusions: There are differences in the handling of PARDS for COVID-19 patients in the technique by reducing the risk of virus transmission by preventing leakage when using a ventilator and using a bacterial/virus filter, as well as rescuers and staff using complete PPE during the procedure.

scholarly journals Overview of therapeutic options in COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 669-677
Author(s):  
Sarthak Katyal, Dr. Swarupa Chakole
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Respiratory Disorder ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Disease Avoidance ◽  
The World ◽  
The City

Coronavirus is essentially a respiratory sickness brought about by a newfound rSARS-CoV-2 infection and distinguished in the city of Wuhan, China in December 2019. The emerging outbreak of Covid disease 2019 (COVID-19) brought about because ofthe severe respiratory disorder Covid 2 (SARS-CoV-2) presents a phenomenal test for medical services frameworks around the world.WHO has proclaimed this illness as a pandemic, and cautioned different nations. Like other Covids, this may create respiratory plot contaminations in the patients range from gentle to lethal ailment like pneumonia and ARDS(acute respiratory distress syndrome).The features of coronavirus and the capacity to quickly make far reaching contamination has significant ramifications, justifying vivacious disease avoidance and the preventive measures. While the affirmed quantity of the cases have outperformed 10.3 million throughout the world and keeps on developing, as the possible seriousness related to infection along  with its destructive confusions needs critical advancement of the novel restorative specialists to both forestall and cure the COVID-19 illness . In spite of the fact that antibodies and explicit medication treatments presently can't seem to be found, progressing investigation and subjective preliminaries have led to the examination of viability of the  reused medications for curing COVID-19 illness .According to the current audit, some of the medication competitors have been recommended to cure  COVID-19 will be talked about. While these incorporate enemy of the viral specialists (remdesivir ,rebetol, lopinavir-ritonavir,choloroquine, favipiravir, hydroxychloroquine, umifenovir ,oseltamivir,), immunomodulating based specialists (interferons, plasma bondings , tocilizumab), (azithromycin, corticosteroids),  along with other random specialists. With components of activity and further pharmacology based property which should be investigated, within a specific spotlight on the proof  base wellbeing with viability of a every specialist.

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) Caused by the Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A Practical Comprehensive Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Montenegro ◽  
Luis Unigarro ◽  
Gustavo Paredes ◽  
Tatiana Moya ◽  
Ana Romero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Introduction: The exponential growth of the SARS-CoV-2 virus transmission during the first months of 2020 has placed substantial pressure on health systems worldwide. The complications derived from the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vary in due to comorbidities, sex and age, with more than 50% of the patients who require some level of intensive care developing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Areas covered: Various complications caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection have been identified, the most lethal being the acute respiratory distress syndrome, caused most likely by the presence of severe immune cell response and the concomitant alveolus inflammation. The authors carried out an extensive and comprehensive literature review on SARS-CoV-2 infection, the clinical, pathological and radiological presentation as well as the current treatment strategies. Expert Opinion Elevation of inflammatory biomarkers is a common trend among seriously ill patients. The information available strongly suggests that in COVID-19 patients, their altered immune response, including a massive cytokine storm, is responsible for the further damage evidenced among ARDS patients. The increasingly high number of scientific articles and evidence available can only suggest that the individualization of each case is the norm, not all patients with acute respiratory failure due to COVID-19 meet the Berlin definition and therefore ARDS should be considered as a heterogeneous disease, with a wide range in the expression of its severity and clinical manifestations.

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