scholarly journals Optimal beef cattle management under agricultural policy reforms in Finland

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. PIHAMAA ◽  
K. PIETOLA
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Cattle Management ◽  
Silage Production ◽  
Agenda 2000 ◽  
Numerical Dynamic Programming

The supply for domestic beef has been decreasing sharply since Finland joined the European Union (EU) because profitability of beef production has been low. The goal of this study is to search for optimal beef management practices that increase returns on beef production in Finland. Numerical dynamic programming (DP) is used to simultaneously optimise feeding and timing of slaughtering. The DP-algorithm is solved under alternative subsidy, output price, and silage price scenarios. At 1998 prices and subsidies, the optimal carcass weight is estimated above 250 kg. The European Agenda 2000 reform is predicted to decrease the optimal carcass weight to 200 kg, which is 50 kg lower than under the 1998 prices and subsidies. This reform will increase farmer returns significantly and its income effect depends crucially on the price of silage. The results indicate also that the reform will result in adjustment of feeding. Particularly, farmers having high silage production costs will substitute feed concentrates for roughage in the diet. A farmer is entitled to a premium subsidy of FIM 200 (e33.63), provided that the carcass weight of a culled animal exceeds 270 kg. But when the Agenda 2000 reform is fully implemented, this premium subsidy is not large enough to supply carcasses heavier than 270 kg. The results suggest that carcass weights of at least 270 kg would require a premium subsidy of FIM 400-800 (e67-134). Rearing heavy animals will significantly increase production costs and, therefore, most of the subsidy will be taken away from the farm in terms of increased costs.;

Assessing the Training Need of Dairy Farmers on Scientific Cattle Management Practices

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 496-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shibu K Jacob ◽  
◽  
Anu George
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Cattle Management ◽  
Training Need

scholarly journals Adoption and Dis-Adoption of Sustainable Agriculture: A Case of Farmers’ Innovations and Integrated Fruit Fly Management in Kenya

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 338
Author(s):  
Charity M. Wangithi ◽  
Beatrice W. Muriithi ◽  
Raphael Belmin
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Gender And Education ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Indigenous Methods

The invasive fruit fly Bactrocera dorsalis poses a major threat to the production and trade of mango in sub-Saharan Africa. Farmers devise different innovations to manage the pest in an attempt to minimize yield loss and production costs while maximizing revenues. Using survey data obtained from Embu County, Kenya, we analyzed farmers’ knowledge and perception as regards the invasive fruit fly, their innovations for the management of the pest, and the determinants of their adoption and dis-adoption decisions of recently developed and promoted integrated pest management (IPM) technologies for suppression of the pest. The results show that farmers consider fruit flies as a major threat to mango production (99%) and primarily depend on pesticides (90%) for the management of the pest. Some farmers (35%) however use indigenous methods to manage the pest. Though farmers possess good knowledge of different IPM strategies, uptake is relatively low. The regression estimates show that continued use of IPM is positively associated with the gender and education of the household head, size of a mango orchard, knowledge on mango pests, training, contact with an extension officer, and use of at least one non-pesticide practice for fruit fly management, while IPM dis-adoption was negatively correlated with the size of the mango orchard, practice score and use of indigenous innovations for fruit fly management. We recommend enhancing farmer′s knowledge through increased access to training programs and extension services for enhanced adoption of sustainable management practices for B. dorsalis.

scholarly journals Agro-Economic Evaluation of Alternative Crop Management Options for Teff Production in Midland Agro-Ecology, Ethiopia

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 298
Author(s):  
Fekremariam Asargew Mihretie ◽  
Atsushi Tsunekawa ◽  
Nigussie Haregeweyn ◽  
Enyew Adgo ◽  
Mitsuru Tsubo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Weed Population

Teff is an important crop for smallholder farmers in Ethiopia. Improved crop management practices are needed to increase teff productivity and decrease production costs. Here, we used a split–split plot design to evaluate the impacts of different tillage, sowing, and soil compaction practices, and their combinations, on agronomic performance, weed population, lodging, and cost in teff production at the Aba Gerima watershed in northwestern Ethiopia in 2018–2020. Reduced tillage (RT) improved soil moisture, resulting in increased agronomic performance and decreased production costs compared with conventional tillage (CT); however, the weed population was substantially larger with RT than with CT. Row planting (RP) reduced seed cost and lodging but increased sowing and weeding costs compared with broadcast planting (BP). Plant population and leaf area index were substantially greater with BP than with RP during early-stage growth, but this reversed during late-stage growth. Despite labor costs being significantly greater with (WC) compaction than without (NC), little to no differences were observed in the weed population or in agronomic performance. Partial cost–benefit analysis revealed that RT–RP–WC followed by RT–RP–NC was the most economical treatment combination, suggesting that RT–RP–NC could be a labor-effective means of increasing teff production by smallholder farms in Ethiopia.

scholarly journals Influence of the Climate Policy of the European Union on the Competitiveness of Pollution-generating Sectors of the Polish Economy in the Context of Sustainable Development

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 81-96
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Burchard-Dziubińska
Keyword(s):  
Climate Policy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Greenhouse Gasses ◽  
Common System ◽  
Eu Climate Policy ◽  
Polish Economy ◽  
Emission Limits ◽  
The Eu

The text analyses the influence of the EU climate policy on the competitiveness pollution-generating of sectors of the Polish economy. Study of literature and the results of the questionnaire survey, carried out in 2008 in enterprises located in Poland and representing the steel, glass, aluminium and cement industries became a basis for formulating conclusions concerning the consequences of the climate policy already implemented and planned after 2012. The EU climate policy, particularly the common system of emission allowances trade, makes the enterprises face new developmental barriers. The expected increase in production costs will not only slow down the production dynamics, but may also entail lowering the competitiveness of Polish companies compared to companies from outside the EU, to which the greenhouse gasses emission limits do not apply. Adverse consequences for employment and for regional development should also be considered indisputable. If that was accompanied by an emission leakage outside the EU, achieving the global purposes of the climate policy would also become questionable. The businesses surveyed represent industries which are pollution generators by their nature and even ecologically-oriented technological progress is incapable of ensuring considerable emission reductions without general switching of the economy to renewable energy sources.

scholarly journals Planting density and initial growth of two tree species adapted to the semi-arid region

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 951-960
Author(s):  
Paulo Sérgio Lima e Silva ◽  
Alexandre Emanuel Régis Holanda ◽  
Haroldo Nogueira de Paiva ◽  
Fábio Henrique Tavares de Oliveira ◽  
Odaci Fernandes de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Plant Age ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
One Year

Planting densities influence several aspects of forest formation, including management practices, timber yield, quality, and extraction, and consequently its production costs. The objective of this study was to evaluate Mimosa caesalpiinifolia and Gliricidia sepium growth as a function of planting density (400, 600, 800, 1000, and 1200 plants ha-1) and plant age. The species were evaluated every 90 days for plant height (PH), crown diameter (CD) and root collar diameter (RCD) (10 cm above the ground), with the first evaluation performed at 90 days and the last at 720 days. When plants were one year of age and beyond, evaluations were conducted also for stem diameter at breast height (DBH) (1.30 m above the ground). A randomized block design with split-plots and three replicates was adopted. Species were assigned to plots, planting densities were assigned to subplots, and evaluation ages were assigned to subsubplots. The four traits in both species had their values decreased as planting density increased, but continually increased as plant age increased. For PH and RCD there was an alternation between species superiority, with gliricidia being superior to sabiá at some ages, while the opposite occurred at other ages. As to CD the species only differed in the last measurement, gliricidia being superior. With regard to DBH, gliricidia was superior starting from the second measurement. There was an effect of the species × ages interaction for the four traits and also an effect of the densities × ages interaction for CD and DBH.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT IRRIGATION DEPTHS IN FORAGE SORGHUM CROPS

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
PAULO GLEISSON RODRIGUES DE SOUSA ◽  
THALES VINÍCIUS DE ARAÚJO VIANA ◽  
CLAYTON MOURA DE CARVALHO ◽  
JOSÉ DE PAULA FIRMIANO DE SOUSA ◽  
KILMER COELHO CAMPOS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operating Cost ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Operating Profit ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Positive Indicators ◽  
Silage Production ◽  
Break Even Point ◽  
Education Science ◽  
Different Levels

The objective of this work was to evaluate the production costs and profitability indexes of sorghum crop for silage production under different irrigation depths. The work was conducted at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceará (IFCE) – Umirim Campus, from September to December 2016. The treatments were arranged in 5 x 5 split plots with 5 replications. Irrigations were performed on a daily basis, and the applied depths were calculated based on crop evapotranspiration (ETc). The primary treatments were 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150% of ETc, associated with different levels of carnauba bagana mulch (0.00, 2.50, 3.75, 5.00, and 6.25 cm). Effective Operating Cost (EOC), Total Operating Cost (TOC), Gross Revenue (GR), Operating Profit (OP), Profitability Index (PI) and Break-Even Price (BEP) were estimated. According to the indicators analyzed, it was found that this is a promising crop within the different agricultural production schools, with favorable rates for the producer. The variety evaluated presents high resistance as to the water limitation factor, showing positive indicators such as break-even point below the average prices practiced in the region.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT IRRIGATION DEPTHS IN FORAGE SORGHUM CROPS

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
PAULO GLEISSON RODRIGUES DE SOUSA ◽  
THALES VINÍCIUS DE ARAÚJO VIANA ◽  
CLAYTON MOURA DE CARVALHO ◽  
JOSÉ DE PAULA FIRMIANO DE SOUSA ◽  
KILMER COELHO CAMPOS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operating Cost ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Operating Profit ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Positive Indicators ◽  
Silage Production ◽  
Break Even Point ◽  
Education Science ◽  
Different Levels

The objective of this work was to evaluate the production costs and profitability indexes of sorghum crop for silage production under different irrigation depths. The work was conducted at the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceará (IFCE) – Umirim Campus, from September to December 2016. The treatments were arranged in 5 x 5 split plots with 5 replications. Irrigations were performed on a daily basis, and the applied depths were calculated based on crop evapotranspiration (ETc). The primary treatments were 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150% of ETc, associated with different levels of carnauba bagana mulch (0.00, 2.50, 3.75, 5.00, and 6.25 cm). Effective Operating Cost (EOC), Total Operating Cost (TOC), Gross Revenue (GR), Operating Profit (OP), Profitability Index (PI) and Break-Even Price (BEP) were estimated. According to the indicators analyzed, it was found that this is a promising crop within the different agricultural production schools, with favorable rates for the producer. The variety evaluated presents high resistance as to the water limitation factor, showing positive indicators such as break-even point below the average prices practiced in the region.

scholarly journals Assessment of Farm management risk factors of contracting haemoparasitic infections in Pastoralist and Sedentary cattle in Soba Local Government Area, Kaduna State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Danbirni ◽  
B. B. Dauda ◽  
S. N. A. Saidu ◽  
L. B. Tekdek
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Farm Management ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Arthropod Vectors ◽  
Cattle Management ◽  
Husbandry System ◽  
Preliminary Study

The major cattle management system observed in Soba Local Government Area was pastoral husbandry system. Under this system, cattle were extensively grazed on established forages of Kaduna State forests and were exposed to various arthropod vectors of haemoparasites. These haemoparasites are a serious threat to food security in Soba LGA due to their influence on cattle productivity. Questionnaires were used in assessing some farm management risk factors of contracting haemoparasitic infections in both pastoralist and sedentary herds in Soba LGA. A total of 24 herdsmen made up of 20 pastoralists and 4 sedentary herdsmen were interviewed. The study revealed, that some herd management practices were observed to have constituted risks to acquiring haemoparasitic infections in both pastoralist and sedentar y herds in the study area. For instance, vectors of haemoparasites such as ticks and biting flies aside Glossina were present in both pastoralist and sedentary herds in the study area. Some farm management practices such as screening of herds for haemoparasites, treatment of it once in 12 months and quarantining of new stock before adding to the existing herds were found not to be carried. Thus, constituted risk factors in the herds. This preliminary study, provided evidence of the possible arthropod vectors (ticks and biting flies) that may be involved in the transmission of haemoparasites to cattle in Soba LGA of Kaduna State. It is envisaged that this survey will stimulate more studies to determine the prevalence of haemoparasites in cattle in Soba LGA of Kaduna State.

scholarly journals Sustainability as “Value of Cooperatives”—Can (Wine) Cooperatives Use Sustainability as a Driver for a Brand Concept?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12344
Author(s):  
Barbara Richter ◽  
Jon H. Hanf
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Brand Management ◽  
Agricultural Cooperatives ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Differentiation Strategy ◽  
A Value ◽  
Brand Concept ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Shed Light

Similar to the number of agricultural cooperatives in the European Union, the number of German wine cooperatives is decreasing. The main purpose of the wine cooperatives is to support the member businesses with the highest possible payouts for their grapes. Wine cooperatives can fulfil this purpose by implementing a differentiation strategy. On the one hand, brands can be used for differentiation. On the other hand, cooperatives can use particular values in the communication with customers that correspond to the target group’s values. Based on the definition of the International Co-operative Alliance, cooperatives are a sustainable form of enterprise. Therefore, the question arises whether it is possible to use sustainability as a value that corresponds to cooperatives as a form of enterprise as well as to a strong societal value that gains importance. Which role does social capital play in the context of social sustainability? The aim of this paper is to shed light on the understanding of brands, to show which cooperative-specific characteristics might pose a challenge to cooperatives in terms of brand management and to examine the understanding of the sustainability construct as well as sustainable management practices applied by wine cooperatives to date. Two exploratory, qualitative studies have been conducted.

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