scholarly journals Planting density and initial growth of two tree species adapted to the semi-arid region

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 951-960
Author(s):  
Paulo Sérgio Lima e Silva ◽  
Alexandre Emanuel Régis Holanda ◽  
Haroldo Nogueira de Paiva ◽  
Fábio Henrique Tavares de Oliveira ◽  
Odaci Fernandes de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Plant Age ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
One Year

Planting densities influence several aspects of forest formation, including management practices, timber yield, quality, and extraction, and consequently its production costs. The objective of this study was to evaluate Mimosa caesalpiinifolia and Gliricidia sepium growth as a function of planting density (400, 600, 800, 1000, and 1200 plants ha-1) and plant age. The species were evaluated every 90 days for plant height (PH), crown diameter (CD) and root collar diameter (RCD) (10 cm above the ground), with the first evaluation performed at 90 days and the last at 720 days. When plants were one year of age and beyond, evaluations were conducted also for stem diameter at breast height (DBH) (1.30 m above the ground). A randomized block design with split-plots and three replicates was adopted. Species were assigned to plots, planting densities were assigned to subplots, and evaluation ages were assigned to subsubplots. The four traits in both species had their values decreased as planting density increased, but continually increased as plant age increased. For PH and RCD there was an alternation between species superiority, with gliricidia being superior to sabiá at some ages, while the opposite occurred at other ages. As to CD the species only differed in the last measurement, gliricidia being superior. With regard to DBH, gliricidia was superior starting from the second measurement. There was an effect of the species × ages interaction for the four traits and also an effect of the densities × ages interaction for CD and DBH.

scholarly journals INOCULATION OF DIAZOTROPHIC BACTERIA AND NITROGEN FERTILIZATION IN TOPDRESSING IN IRRIGATED CORN

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 338-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
VANESSA ZIRONDI LONGHINI ◽  
WÉSLEY CARLOS ROSSINI DE SOUZA ◽  
MARCELO ANDREOTTI ◽  
NATALIA DE ÁVILA SOARES ◽  
NÍDIA RAQUEL COSTA
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Diazotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Corn Seed ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Lower Production ◽  
Corn Grain

ABSTRACT: Corn is a nitrogen-intensive crop, and the use of management practices such as inoculation of the seed with diazotrophic bacteria, which can maximize crop productivity and reduce the need of nitrogen fertilizers, may result in lower production costs. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of inoculation of corn seed with Azospirillum brasilense and controlled addition of nitrogen to topdressing on the nutrition, production components, and productivity of crop grain. The experimental design was a randomized block design, with four replications in a 2 × 5 factorial scheme. The treatments consisted of inoculation or not of corn seed with A. brasilense (at 100 mL per 25 kg of seed) and five nitrogen (N) levels in topdressing (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 kg N ha-1 from urea [45% N]) were applied when the corn was in the phenological growth stage V6. Foliar macronutrients, foliar chlorophyll index (FCI), production components, and yield of corn grain were valuated. Inoculation of corn seeds with A. brasilense increased plant height and grain yield. Fertilization in topdressing, with N levels up to 120 kg ha-1, linearly increased the foliar nutrients and productivity of corn cultivated in the spring/summer in the low-altitude Cerrado region of Brazil.

scholarly journals Grafting guava on cattley guava resistant to Meloidogyne enterolobii

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1579-1584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Rodrigues Robaina ◽  
Graziella Siqueira Campos ◽  
Cláudia Sales Marinho ◽  
Ricardo Moreira Souza ◽  
Cíntia Aparecida Bremenkamp
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Promising Method ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Canopy Development ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Meloidogyne Enterolobii ◽  
Graft Success ◽  
One Year

<p>The use of resistant rootstocks could be a promising method to control nematode<bold>Meloidogyne enterolobii</bold>in commercial plantations of guava. The present study aimed to evaluate the success of grafting guava as a scion on accessions of cattley guava as rootstocks resistant to<bold> M. enterolobii.</bold>The treatments consisted of the rootstocks cattley guava plants (three accessions of<bold> Psidium cattleyanum</bold>) and common guava (control). In the apical wedge grafting method, scion of Paluma cultivated variety was used. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with four treatments and five replicates, and eight plants per plot. The saplings produced as described before were planted in the field where the initial growth of the different combinations were evaluated. Graft success was observed for the control (common guava) and for accessions 115 and 117 of cattley guava plants, with success rates of 63, 32 and 29%, respectively. In the field, the cattley guava used as rootstocks hampered Paluma canopy development and caused death of plants. Incompatibility of <bold>P. cattleyanum</bold>as rootstocks for<bold> P. guajava</bold>Paluma was confirmed one year after cultivation in field.</p>

scholarly journals GREEN FERTILIZATION WITH RESIDUES OF LEGUMINOUS TREES FOR CULTIVATING MAIZE IN DEGRADED SOIL

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 798-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Ronaldo Alves de Oliveira ◽  
Henrique Antunes de Souza ◽  
Marco Antônio Rosa de Carvalho ◽  
Mirian Cristina Gomes Costa
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Degraded Soil ◽  
Leguminous Trees ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Growth And Nutrition ◽  
Ammonium N ◽  
Chemical Attributes ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Semi Arid Region

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the addition of parts of leguminous trees on the growth and nutrition of maize (Zea mays L.), as well as on the chemical attributes of a degraded soil, 65 days after applying the residues. The experiment was conducted in pots, in a randomized block design with ten treatments and four replicates. The evaluated treatments were: T1 - No residues of leguminous trees, T2 - Leaves of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia, T3 - Branches of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia, T4 - Leaves + branches of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia, T5 - Leaves of Mimosa hostilis, T6 - Branches of Mimosa hostilis, T7 - Leaves + branches of Mimosa hostilis, T8 - Leaves of Gliricidia sepium, T9 - Branches of Gliricidia sepium and T10 - Leaves + branches of Gliricidia sepium. Pots were filled with soil from a degraded area and residues were added in the form of green mass after sowing the maize. Residues of leguminous trees positively influenced maize growth at 65 days after application and favored the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the shoots. Green fertilizers improved soil chemical attributes at 65 days after application, especially nitrate-N (NO3 --N), ammonium-N (NH4 +-N), total inorganic N (NO3 --N + NH4 +-N) and K, demonstrating that these species are good options for recovering degraded areas in the semi-arid region of Ceará.

Nutrients demand of cactus forage

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Macedo Moreira ◽  
Aldrin Martin Pérez-Marin ◽  
Jucilene Silva Araújo ◽  
George Rodrigues Lambais ◽  
Aldo Sales
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Nutrient Recovery ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Use ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Semi Arid Region

The study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of nutrient use in three cactus forage (CF) cultivars (Opuntia stricta and Nopalea cochenillifera), 365 days after planting under different types of fertilizer in two research sites (Condado and Riachão) of the semi-arid region of Paraiba state, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized block design with treatments in a factorial scheme (3×4), three cultivars of CF (Orelha de elefante Mexicana; Miúda; Bahiana), and four fertilizer treatment (Control; Manure; Manure with Nitrogen; Mineral fertilization) with four replications. The CF cultivars did not differ significantly in nutrient use. That means of physiological efficiency by CF cultivars were 1.62, and 2.36 kg of biomass per kg of nutrient applied in Condado and Riachão, respectively. The efficiency of nutrient recovery was 16% for the Condado, according the following order: K&gt; P&gt; Ca&gt; N&gt; C = Mg and 12% for Riachão: K&gt; P&gt; N&gt; C = Ca = Mg. In the two research sites, the treatment with mineral fertilization significantly increased the efficiency use of N, P and K in comparison to the other treatments. The average for efficiency of nutrient utilization was 25% and 19% for Condado and Riachão, respectively, in the following order for Condado: K&gt; P&gt; N&gt; Ca = Mg&gt; C, and Riachão: K&gt; P&gt; N&gt; C&gt; Mg = Ca. In a CF production system aiming to obtain a yearly harvest cycle, it is necessary to replenish of K and P to maintain the nutritional balance between the soil and CF plant.

Shooting and Rooting Behaviour in Relation to Season, Age and Growing Conditions of Dendrocalamus asper Backer

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
Reena Joshi ◽  
Salil Tewari ◽  
Rajesh Kaushal
Keyword(s):  
Summer Monsoon ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Agroforestry Research ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Dendrocalamus Asper ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
One Year ◽  
Effect Of Age

The experiment was conducted at Agroforestry Research Centre, of G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar to assess the effect of age (one and two year old), growing condition (intermittent misting and no misting) and different seasons (summer, monsoon, autumn and spring) on rooting and shooting of culm cuttings of Dendrocalamus asper. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with three replications. The findings indicated that in D. asper, one year old culm cuttings in the intermittent misting condition showed good results. The findings also indicated that shooting and rooting per cent of culm cuttings planted in different season showed response as Spring (March)> Summer (June)> Monsoon (August)> Autumn (October).

scholarly journals Trace Metal Distribution and Mobility in Soils after Silvicultural Thinning and Burning

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Ngowari Jaja ◽  
Monday Mbila ◽  
Yong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metal ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Design Experiment ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Silvicultural thinning and burning are common management practices that are widely used to address ecosystem problems such as tree stocking and general forest health. However, high-severity fire has variable effects on soils, resulting in damages which are directly or indirectly reflected on the trace metal chemistry of the soil. This study was conducted to evaluate the trace metal variation at the Bankhead National Forest in Northern Alabama following the silvicultural thinning and burning. The experimental site had treatments consisting of two burning patterns and three levels of thinning as part of an overall treatment of three burning patterns and three levels of thinning applied to nine treatment plots to fit a completely randomized block design experiment. Four treatments sites were used for this study and samples were collected from soil profile pits excavated at representative plots within each treatment. The samples were analyzed for trace metals-As, Cu, Ni, Zn and Pb-using Perkin Elmer 2100 ICP-OES. Post treatment samples indicated that the trace metal concentrations generally decreased with soil depth. Copper, Ni, and Zn at the Pre-burn site gradually increased with depth to a maximum concentration at about 50 cm below the soil surface. Arsenic in the surface horizons increased by 156% in the burn-only sites, 54% in the thin-only treatment, 30% for the burn and thin treatments. Such differences were unlikely due to differences in the geochemistry of the parent material, but likely due to anthropogenic activities and possibly the forest management practices in question.

scholarly journals Genotype selection and addition of fertilizer increases grain yield in upland rice in Suriname

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Stephan NASCENTE ◽  
Ruby KROMOCARDI
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Randomized Block Design

ABSTRACT The upland rice farmers in Suriname use local varieties and low level technologies in the field. As a result, the upland rice grain yield is low, at about 1 000 kg ha-1. Our objective was to evaluate the use of upland rice cultivars from Suriname and Brazil, and the effect of nitrogen, N, phosphorus, P, and potassium, K, fertilizers on cultivation variables. We undertook four field trials in the Victoria Area, in the Brokopondo District, using a randomized block design each with four replications. The most productive rice varieties were BRS Esmeralda (grain yield 2 903 kg ha-1) and BRS Sertaneja (2 802 kg ha-1). The highest grain yield of 2 620 kg ha-1 was achieved with a top dressing application of 76.41 kg N ha-1 20 days after sowing. For P, the highest grain yield of 3 085 kg ha-1 was achieved with application of 98.06 kg ha-1 P2O5 applied at sowing. An application rate of 31.45 kg ha-1 of K2O at sowing achieved the highest grain yield of 2 952 kg ha-1. Together, these application rates of N, P and K resulted in rice grain yield of about 3 000 kg ha-1, which is three times greater than the national average for upland rice. We demonstrate that the use of improved rice varieties matched to the local conditions, and application of appropriate fertilizers, are management practices that can result in significant increases in rice grain yield in Suriname.

scholarly journals Yield and vegetative growth of cactus pear at different spacings and under chemical fertilizations

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 564-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
João A. da Silva ◽  
Sérgio L. R. Donato ◽  
Paulo E. R. Donato ◽  
Evilasio dos S. Souza ◽  
Milton C. Padilha Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Plant Age ◽  
Cactus Pear ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Randomized Block Design

ABSTRACT The objective was to evaluate the effect of different spacings and mineral fertilizations on cactus pear growth and production in a randomized block design, with three replicates, in a 3 x 4 factorial scheme: three spacings, 1.00 x 0.50 m, 2.00 x 0.25 m and 3.00 x 1.00 x 0.25 m, and four fertilizations, 000-000-000, 000-150-000, 200-150-000 and 200-150-100 kg ha-1 of N, P2O5 and K2O, respectively. Plant growth was evaluated between 90 and 390 days and production and growth were evaluated at 620 days after planting. There were significant interactions between spacing and fertilization for plant height, number of cladodes and cladode area index from 90 to 390 days and for production of fresh and dry matter at 620 days after planting. Spacing influenced cladode area index, while fertilization influenced plant height, number of cladodes and cladode area index at 620 days after planting. Plant height showed cubic effect for the days after planting. Number of cladodes and cladode area index were dependent on spacing, fertilization and plant age, and fitted to cubic models. The best results of growth and production of fresh and dry matter are associated with NPK and NP fertilizations and the spacing of 1.00 x 0.50 m.

scholarly journals Melon fruit yield and quality as a function of doses and times of biostimulant application

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e130973911
Author(s):  
Roberto Cleiton Fernandes de Queiroga ◽  
Zaqueu Lopes da Silva ◽  
Odair Honorato Oliveira de ◽  
Elidayane da Nóbrega Santos ◽  
Higínio Luan Oliveira Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Fruit Mass

The objective of this study was to evaluate the productivity and quality of melon fruits as a function of the dose and time of application of biostimulant in the conditions of the semi-arid region of Paraíba. The experiment was carried out at the Federal University of Campina Grande, campus of Pombal - PB, Brazil, in a randomized block design in a 4 x 5 split plot scheme, with doses of biostimulant (0; 0.5; 1.0; 1, 5 and 2.0 L ha-1) and in the subset of the biostimulant application times (15; 20; 25 and 30 days before harvest - DAC), in four replications. Characteristics related to fruit production and quality were evaluated. There was no interaction between the factors of dose and application time of the biostimulant in any of the evaluated characteristics. Thus, the highest estimated values of number of fruits per plant, fruit mass and total melon production were obtained with the application of doses ranging from 0.9 to 1.5 L ha-1 and at the time of application it varied from 22,5 to 23.6 DAC. The content of soluble solids increased 5.5% when the biostimulant dose of 2.0 L ha-1 was used and 4.4% when the product was applied 15 days before harvest.

scholarly journals DESENVOLVIMENTO INICIAL DE MUDAS DE BARUZEIRO (Dipteryx alata Vog) EM FUNÇÃO DE SUSBTRATOS E LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO

Irriga ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrique Fonseca Elias de Oliveira ◽  
Cléber Luiz De Souza ◽  
Danilo Vieira Félix ◽  
Leandro Da Silva Fernandes ◽  
Polliany Santos Xavier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Aerial Portion ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
System Length ◽  
E Mail ◽  
Dickson Quality Index ◽  
Dipteryx Alata

DESENVOLVIMENTO INICIAL DE MUDAS DE BARUZEIRO (Dipteryx alata Vog) EM FUNÇÃO DE SUSBTRATOS E LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO  HENRIQUE FONSECA ELIAS DE OLIVEIRA1; CLÉBER LUIZ DE SOUZA2; DANILO VIEIRA FÉLIX2; LEANDRO DA SILVA FERNANDES2; POLLIANY SANTOS XAVIER2 E LUCAS MAGALHÃES ALVES2 1Eng. Agrícola, Doutor, Instituto Federal Goiano, GO 154, km 03, CEP 76300-000, Ceres – GO, e-mail: [email protected]ônomo (a), Instituto Federal Goiano, GO 154, km 03, CEP 76300-000, Ceres – GO, e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]  1 RESUMO O presente estudo objetivou avaliar o crescimento inicial de plantas de baruzeiro, sob substratos e lâminas de irrigação e identificar o manejo que resulte em condições ideais para a produção de mudas desta espécie. Foi implantado um experimento no delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, em parcelas subdivididas no esquema 5 x 4, sendo as parcelas compostas por lâminas de irrigação diárias (6, 8, 10, 12 e 14 mm) e as subparcelas substratos: S1 - 100% Latossolo vermelho; S2 - 50% Latossolo vermelho e 50% Areia; S3 - 45% Latossolo vermelho, 45% Areia e 10% Esterco Bovino Curtido e S4 - Substrato comercial Basaplant®. As características avaliadas foram altura de planta, diâmetro de caule, número de folíolos, comprimento de raiz, massa seca de raiz, massa seca de parte aérea, massa seca de muda, relação das massas secas de raiz e parte aérea e índice de qualidade de Dickson. Aos 200 dias após a semeadura (DAS) o substrato S1 proporcionou maior crescimento e qualidade às plantas de baruzeiro, dado pelo Índice de Qualidade de Dickson (IQD) obtido de 1,05, assim como a lâmina de 14 mm dia-1, a qual obteve IQD igual 0,98, diferindo estatisticamente das demais lâminas avaliadas. Palavras-chave: gotejamento, características produtivas, Índice de Qualidade de Dickson.  OLIVEIRA, H. F. E.; SOUZA, C. L.; FÉLIX, D. V.; FERNANDES L. S.; XAVIER, P. S.; ALVES, L. M.INITIAL DEVELOPMENT OF BARUZEIRO (Dipteryx alata Vog) SEEDLING AS FUNCTION OF SUBSTRATES AND IRRIGATIONS LEVELS  2 ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the initial growth of baruzeiro plants, under substrates and irrigation levels and identify the management that results in ideal conditions for the production of seedlings of this species. The experiment was installed in a randomized block design, with four replications, in split-plot, in the scheme 4 x 5, with plots composed of five daily irrigations levels and four subplots substrates: S1 - 100% OXISOL RED; S2 - 50% OXISOL RED and 50% sand; S3 - 45% OXISOL RED, 45% sand, and 10% of tanned manure and S4 - Commercial Substrate Basaplant. The five daily watering (6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 mm) make up the subplot. The characteristics assessed were plant height, stem diameter, number of leaflets, root system length, dry matter mass of roots, dry matter mass of aerial portion, dry matter  mass of seedling, ratio between roots dry matter mass and aerial portion and seedling quality. At 200 DAS substrate S1 provided greater growth and quality to baruzeiro plants, given by the Dickson Quality Index (DQI) obtained of 1.05, as well as the irrigation depth of 14 mm day-1, once it obtained DQI equal to 0.98, statistically differing from the other irrigation depths assessed. Keywords: drip irrigation, productive characteristics, Dickson Quality Index.

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