scholarly journals The effect of temperature and growth density on the development and yield of two- and multi-rowed barley varieties

1974 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-31
Author(s):  
Kirsti Äyräväinen ◽  
Juhani Paatela
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

The effects of temperature and plant spacing on growth, on the distribution of biological mass within the plant, and on yield were studied with seven barley varieties at two temperatures, 10°C and 20° C, and two growth densities, 3 and 13 plants per pot. Vegetative development at 20° C was nearly twice as fast as at 10°C. After the plants had entered the reproductive phase, the difference in developmental rate became smaller. Plants grown at the lower temperature produced much higher total biological yields and grain yields than plants grown at the higher temperature. Percentage proportion of leaves was higher and proportion of culms lower at 20° C than at 10°C. Temperature had no significant effect on number of culms and 1000-grain weight. Number of grains per ear was higher at 10°C than at 20° C. Total biological yield per pot and grain yield per pot were larger when the plants were grown in dense populations. More culms and larger yields per individual plant were produced in sparse populations. Growth density did not affect the number of grains per ear. Length of ear and 1000-grain weight were larger in sparse than dense populations. Two-rowed barley varieties gave significantly higher total biological yields and slightly higher grain yields than multi-rowed varieties. There were no differences between the two types of barley in proportions of leaves, culms and roots. As expected, number of culms and 1000-grain weight were higher, and number of grains per ear was lower, in the two-rowed than in the multi-rowed varieties. Among the various yield components, number of culms explained most of the yield. The number of grains per ear explained a smaller proportion, and 1000-grain weight a larger proportion, of the yield of the two-rowed varieties than of that of the multirowed varieties. In both types of barley there was a significant positive correlation between number of culms and 1000-grain weight. The number of grains per ear was not correlated with the number of culms; neither was it correlated with 1000-grain weight. There were differences between the two-row and multi-row types in correlations between culm numbers, leaves and roots. The distribution of biological yield between various plant parts in different phases of development did not affect the grain yield.

Study onGenetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance for Seed Yield and Component Traits in Rice

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
PUNIT KUMAR ◽  
VICHITRA KUMAR ARYA ◽  
PRADEEP KUMAR ◽  
LOKENDRA KUMAR ◽  
JOGENDRA SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Component Traits ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

A study on genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for seed yield and component traits was made in 40 genotypes of riceduring kharif 2011-2012 at SHIATS, Allahabad. The analysis of variance showed highly significant differences among the treatments for all the 13 traits under study.The genotypes namely CN 1446-5-8-17-1-MLD4 and CR 2706 recorded highest mean performance for panicles per hill and grain yield. The highest genotypic and phenotypic variances (VG and VP) were recorded for spikelets per panicle (3595.78 and 3642.41) followed by biological yield (355.72 and 360.62) and plant height (231.48 and 234.35).High heritability (broad sense) coupled with high genetic advance was observed for plant height, flag leaf length, panicles per hill, tillers per hill, days to maturity, spikelet’s per panicle, biological yield, harvest index, 1000 grain weight and grain yield, indicating that selection will be effective based on these traits because they were under the influence of additive and additive x additive type of gene action. Highest coefficient of variation (PCV and GCV) was recorded for tillers per hill (18.42% and 17.23%), panicle per hill (19.76 % and 18.68%), spikelet’s per panicle (34.30 and34.07 %), biological yield (28.31 % and 28.12 %), 1000 grain weight (15.57 % and 15 31 %) and grain yield (46.66% and 23.54 %), indicating that these traits are under the major influence of genetic control, therefore the above mentioned traits contributed maximum to higher grain yield compared to other traits, indicating grain yield improvement through the associated traits.

scholarly journals Comparative study of different organic mulches for increased wheat productivity district Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Raza ◽  
Muhammad Nawaz ◽  
Muhammad U. Chattha ◽  
Imran Khan ◽  
Muhammad B. Chattha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
1000 Grain Weight ◽  
Sorghum Straw

Weeds are major threat to global wheat production and cause serious threat to food security. Likewise, water scarcity is also a major threat to food production and its intensity is continuously soaring up across the globe. Organic mulches have potential to reduce weeds growth and conserve the soil moisture thus ensures the better crop growth and yield. Therefore, present study was conducted to compare the performance of different organic mulches in improving wheat growth and productivity. The study was comprised of different organic mulches; M1= No mulch (control) M2= maize straw mulch, M3= wheat straw mulch, M4= sorghum straw mulch and M5= rice straw mulch and three nitrogen levels N1 = 90 kg, N2 = 120 kg and N3= 150 kg/ha. The results indicated that both organic mulches and N rates had significant impact on growth, and yield traits. The maximum leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), productive tillers (307 m-2), grains/spike (46.22), 1000 grain weight (42.33 g) biological yield (13.76 t/ha) and grain yield 4.75 t/ha was obtained with sorghum straw mulch and minimum productive tillers (255.33 m-2), grains/spike (36.22), biological yield (11.46 t/ha) and grain yield (3.59 t/ha) was recorded in no mulch (control). Among nitrogen levels maximum productive tillers (290.6 m-2), grains/spike (42.80), 1000 grain weight (40.65 g), biological yield (13.44 t/ha) and grain yield (4.32 t/ha) was obtained with 150 kg/ha N and minimum productive tillers (274 m-2), grains/spike (38.13), 1000 grain weight (36.94 g) biological yield (11.98 t/ha) and grain yield (3.90 t/ha) was obtained with 90 N kg/ha. Thus, farmers can use sorghum straw mulch and N (150 kg ha-1) to improve the wheat productivity. However, farmers must be educated by government institute and adoptive research farms in order to understand and adaption of this approach.

Estimate of genetic parameters and correlation coefficient analysis for yield and its traits in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
pp. 135-139
Author(s):  
Ravi Kumar ◽  
Anant Kumar ◽  
Joginder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance and correlation coefficients were studied in 104 genotypes of wheat genotypes for yield and yield contributing traits. Both GCV and PCV were found to be moderate for flag leaf area, biological yield per plant, grain yield per plant and ash content. The days to ear emergence, days to maturity, plant height, harvest index and 1000-grain weight low GCV and PCV values were observed. Number of productive tillers per plant and spike length recorded moderate value of PCV and low value of GCV. High estimate of heritability in narrow sense was recorded for number of productive tillers per plant, biological yield per plant, harvest index and grain yield per plant, while it was moderate for days to ear emergence, days to maturity, plant height, flag leaf area, spike length, grains per spike and low heritability were recorded for 1000-grain weight. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance in per cent of mean was recorded for biological yield per plant and grain yield per plant. Grain yield per plant exhibited highly significant and positive association with 1000-grain weight, harvest index, biological yield per plant, grains per spike, number of productive tillers per plant and days to maturity.

Effects of CCC on Bread Wheat in Kenya

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Seitzer
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Septoria Nodorum ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Ear Diseases ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

SUMMARYCCC applied to bread wheat, in 1967 and 1968 as a foliar spray at 1·40 and 2·28 kg./ha. a.i., prevented and/or delayed lodging to some extent. However, this effect was small and complete control of lodging seems to be unlikely, even when using large amounts. CCC increased grain yields, by 1·5 to 10·9 qu./ha., depending on the extent to which lodging was reduced. Significant depressions in yield were obtained, presumably owing to an observed increase incidence in ear diseases, particularly Septoria nodorum. The increase in grain yield was due mainly to an increase in 1000 grain weight and grains per ear, whereas the effect on tillers per unit area was slightly negative. Where no lodging occurred, there was a slight but non-significant tendency for increasing grain yields after CCC treatment.

scholarly journals Selection Criteria for Identification of High Yielding Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes under Aerobic Cultivation

2020 ◽  
pp. 102-109
Author(s):  
Ramya Rathod ◽  
B. Soundharya ◽  
Firdoz Shahana ◽  
P. Jalender Naik ◽  
Y. Swathi
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Spikelet Fertility ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Correlation And Path Analysis ◽  
Positive Direct ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Ten rice genotypes were evaluated to study the genetic variability, correlation and path analysis under aerobic conditions for selection of high yielding genotypes. The experiment is carried out in RCBD with 3 replications and the data is analysed in SPAR 2.0, Past 4.01 and OPSTAT for variability, correlation and path analysis respectively. The phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation were high for the number of productive tillers per plant, the number of filled grains per panicle, 1000-grain weight, biological yield and grain yield indicating the possibility of genetic improvement through direct selection for these traits. The magnitude of difference between PCV and GCV was less for the traits indicating little influence of environment. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was recorded for the number of productive tillers per plant, the number of filled grains per panicle, 1000-grain weight, spikelet fertility, biological yield and grain yield indicating a preponderance of additive gene action, which provide excellent scope for further improvement by selection. Significant positive association of grain yield with number of productive tillers per plant, panicle length, number of filled grains per panicle, 1000-grain weight, spikelet fertility and biological yield was observed. Path analysis revealed the traits, number of filled grains per panicle exerted highest positive direct effect on grain yield followed by 1000-gain weight and number of productive tillers per plant. Thus, these traits which contribute to the grain yield under aerobic condition could be exploited for further breeding programme.

scholarly journals Genetic Variability and Association of Morpho-physiological Traits in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 95-105
Author(s):  
Puneet Kumar ◽  
Y. P. S. Solanki ◽  
Vikram Singh ◽  
. Kiran
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Spike Number ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

The experiment was conducted with 60 genotypes of bread wheat. These genotypes were grown in RBD using three replications during Rabi 2016-17 at Research Area of Wheat and Barley Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS HAU, Hisar. To study the variability, correlation and path analysis, data were recorded for yield and its component traits i.e. days to 50% heading, days to anthesis, grain growth rate at 14, 21, 28 days (mg/g/day), plant height (cm), number of effective tillers/meter, flag leaf length (cm), flag leaf width (cm), flag leaf area (cm2), spike length (cm), number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, 1000 grain weight (g), grain yield per plot (g), biological yield/plot (g) and harvest index (%). ANOVA showed highly significant differences among the genotypes for all the traits indicating adequacy of material and the traits studied for further assessment of genetic variability parameters. High value of GCV and PCV was recorded for grain yield per plot, followed by biological yield, indicating greater amount of variability among the genotypes. Highest heritability was recorded for days to 50% heading, followed by days to anthesis. Highly significant and positive association was perceived between grain yield and tillers per meter, plant height, number of grains per spike, number of spikelets per spike, flag leaf area, grain growth rate at 14, 21 and 28 days after anthesis, spike length, 1000 grain weight, biological yield and harvest index. The high direct effects were recorded for biological yield, harvest index, flag leaf breadth, number of effective tillers per meter and 1000 grain weight, in order.

Character association and path coefficient analysis in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vichitra Kumar Arya ◽  
Jogendra Singh ◽  
Lokendra Kumar ◽  
Amit Kumar Sharma ◽  
Rajendra Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Positive Direct ◽  
1000 Grain Weight ◽  
Plant Plant

<span>Forty nine genotypes of wheat were evaluated for 12 quantitative and one quality traits during 2010-11. The experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with three replications at Crop Research Centre, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut. The mean, range, genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation, heritability in broad sense, genetic advance correlation and path analysis were analyzed. Plant height, number of productive tillers per plant, spike length, 1000-grain weight, biological yield per plant and harvest index were significant and positive correlated with grain yield per plant. The phenotypic and genotypic path coefficients exhibited high positive direct contribution of number of productive tillers per plant, plant height, harvest index and 1000-grain weight towards grain yield.The positive indirect effect of plant height on grain yield was registered via days to maturity, number of spikelets per spike, 1000-grain weight and biological yield per plant. Number of productive tillers per plant revealed contribution on grain yield via number of grains per spike, 1000 grain weight, biological yield per plant and harvest index revealing that indirect selection of these characters would be effective in improving grain yield per plant. Higher genotypic coefficient of variance along with high heritability and genetic advance for grain yield per plant, plant height, number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike and 1000-grain weight would also be of great use for indirect selection for improvement in yield per plant. </span>

EFFECT OF ORGANIC MANURE AND SLOW-RELEASE N-FERTILIZERS ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) IN SANDY SOIL

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. ZEIDAN ◽  
M. F. EL KRAMANY
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Two field experiments were conducted during the two winter seasons of 1998/1999 and 1999/2000 in a private farm at El-Nagah Village, South El-Tahrir province, El-Behaira Governorate, Egypt. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of different forms of nitrogen fertilizer, i.e., ammonium sulphate 20.6% N, ammonium nitrate 33.5% N, and Enciabien 40% N (slow-release) with or without organic manure at 20 m3/fed (4200 m2) on the yield and nutrient contents of the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar Sakha 69. The results indicated that the use of organic manure surpassed the control which gave the highest number of spikes/plant, 1000-grain weight, grain yield (t/fed), crop index, harvest index, grain N, P and protein. The use of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer gave the highest 1000-grain weight, biological yield/plant, grain yield and biological yield (t/fed), grain N and protein if compared with other nitrogen sources. The highest tiller/plant, 1000- grain weight, grain yield (t/fed) and grain N and P gave the best results when slow-release nitrogen fertilizer was combined with organic manure at 20 m3/fed.

scholarly journals The Effect of Irrigation Intervals Scheduling and Nitrogen and Zinc Content on Wheat Yield and Yield Components in Drought Stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-26
Author(s):  
N. Parsai ◽  
F. Vazin ◽  
M. Hassanzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Zinc Content ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Stem Height ◽  
Irrigation Interval ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Abstract In order to evaluate the effect of irrigation interval on yield and quantitative-qualitative characteristics of bread wheat, splited plot experiment in randomized block with four replications in the 2010-11 crop years was conducted in the research field of Islamic Azad University of Gonabad. A number of 7, 9 and 10 days irrigation treatments formed the main factors of test, and spraying and non-spraying of nitrogen and zinc were considered as subfactor of test. The results showed that the effect of irrigation was significant for the number of grains per spike in the level of 5% and on 1000-grain weight and fat percent at the level of 1%, and had no significant effect on grain yield, biological yield, number of spikes/sq m stem height, stem diameter and protein content. Nitrogen treatment was significant at the level of 5% on biological yield and number of spikes/sq m, but had no significant effect on grain yield, number of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight, stem height, fat and protein percent, and stem diameter. Treatment with zinc was statistically significant in probability level of 1% only on percentage of fat and had no significant effect on grain yield, biological yield, grain numbers per spike, weight of 1000 seeds, spikes/sq m, stem height, protein percent and stem diameter. Seven days irrigation with of nitrogen allocated for highest seed yield (265.38 g/m2/sq m) and biological yield (659.33 g/m2/sq m). Means comparison showed the highest 1000-grain weight was obtained from 7 days irrigation (47.10 g) and the lowest from 13 days irrigation (40.44 g). According to the experiment results, 7 days irrigation was recognized as the best irrigation to achieve maximum economic performance and 13 days irrigation were determined as most appropriate irrigation for maximum performance for the region due to lack of water and weather conditions of Gonabad, spraying zinc and nitrogen to improve production was proposed depending on different irrigation and the purpose of production.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity analysis for various morphological and quality traits in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
Girnam Singh ◽  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Ravi Kumar ◽  
L. K. Gangwar
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

The present investigation was carried out during 2011-12 in a randomized block design (RBD) with 35 diverse wheat genotypes to assess the genetic diversity for various morphological and quality traits. The analysis of variance for grain yield and its contributing components namely days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, productive tillers, plant height, spike length, spikelets pet spike, grains per spikelet, biological yield, harvest index, 1000 grain weight, grain yield and gluten content showed highly significant differences (at <1% level of significance) among the genotypes under present study. High heritability along with high genetic advance and high phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for grain yield (g), biological yield (g), harvest index (%), spike length (cm) and 1000 grain weight (g) indicated substantial contribution of additive gene action in the expression and thus selection would be effective for genetic improvement of these traits for improving grain yield in wheat. On the basis of multivariate analysis, 35 genotypes were grouped into ‘6’ clusters based on genetic divergence (D2 ) value. The compositions of clusters revealed that the Cluster IV contained the highest number of genotypes (9) followed by Cluster II (8), Cluster VI (8) and Cluster III (7). The highest inter cluster values were recorded between cluster III and V (8357.19) followed by cluster IV and V (7513.88), cluster IV and VI (6009.44) and cluster III and VI (5530.40) exhibiting wide genetic diversity. Among different traits, biological yield (32.12%), productive tillers (28.74%), harvest index (26.71%), plant height (24.20%), grain yield (19.23%) and grains per spikelets (14.89%) had maximum contribution to total genetic divergence, therefore may be used as selection parameters in transgressive segregants. Selection of genotypes from the clusters may be used as potential donors for further hybridization programme to develop genotypes with high yield potential in wheat crop.

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