scholarly journals Urinary nitrogen compounds in dairy cows fed urea as the sole or partial source of nitrogen

1976 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-335
Author(s):  
Terttu Ettala ◽  
Matti Kreula
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

Urinary nitrogen compounds were determined in test cows with urea as the sole (0-cows) or partial (ULP-cows) source of nitrogen. An average of 0.49 % total nitrogen was found in 0-cows and 0.88 % in ULP-cows, the values for urea nitrogen being 2.24 and 2.63 mg/ml, for ammonium nitrogen 0.14 and 0.09 mg/ml, for creatinine 0.77 and 0.90 mg/ml and for creatine 0.28 and 0,42 mg/ml urine, respectively. Differences between the two groups were highly significant (P < 0.001) as regards total nitrogen and significant (P < 0.05) as regards urea nitrogen and creatine. In each group the between-cow differences were highly significant with regard to total and urea nitrogen and creatine, and in 0-cows also with regard to ammonium nitrogen and creatinine. Smaller amounts of urinary allantoin and larger amounts of uric acid were found in 0-cows than in ULP-cows. Corresponding determinations were made to some extent also on the urine of cows on normal indoor or pasture feeding.

The Catabolism of Nitrogen Compounds in Dendrostomun cymodoceae Edmonds (Sipunculoidea)

1957 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
SJ Edmonds
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Amino Acid Nitrogen ◽  
Sipunculus Nudus

The total non-protein nitrogen in the excretory products of fasting specimens of Dendrostomum cymodoceae Edmonds was found to be 1.18-1.40 mg N/100 g wet wt./24 hr. Of the total nitrogen, 83-90 per cent. was excreted as ammonia nitrogen, 4-6 percent, as urea nitrogen, 0-4 percent. as amino acid nitrogen, and none as uric acid; 89-94 percent. of the nitrogen was thus accounted for. The results are compared with the corresponding values obtained by other workers for Sipunculus nudus and some other invertebrates.

scholarly journals Studies on the nitrogen compounds of the faeces of dairy cows fed urea as the sole or partial source of nitrogen

1979 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 506-513
Author(s):  
Terttu Ettala ◽  
Matti Kreula
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Diaminopimelic Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen

The nitrogen compounds of the faeces of dairy cows on purified, protein-free feed with urea and small amounts of ammonium salts as the sole source of nitrogen (0-feed). on low-protein feed in which part of the protein was replaced with urea (ULP-feed) and on normal protein-containing feed (NorP-feed) were studied. The total nitrogen contents of the dry matter of the faeces were 2.5 ± 0.7 % on 0-feed, 2.4 ± 0.4 % on ULP-feed and 2.3 ± 0.6 % on NorP-feed. The proportion of urea- and ammonium nitrogen of the total nitrogen was 3.2 ± 2.4, 4.5 ± 2.4 and 3.7 ± 1.8 % respectively, and the proportion of nitrogen soluble in 70 % ethanol 10.9 ± 5.7, 9.9 ± 2.4 and 10.4 ± 3.8 % of the total nitrogen; the proportion of nitrogen in the free amino acid fraction was 4.1 ±2.9 on 0-feed, 1.6 ± 1.4 (P < 0.05) on ULP-feed and 3.2 ± 2.9 % on NorP-feed. The nitrogen insoluble in 70 % ethanol as a proportion of the total nitrogen was 82.3 ± 7.2 on 0-feed, 85.4 ± 5.0 on ULP-feed and 82.3 ± 7.2 % on NorP-feed. Of the total nitrogen of this insoluble fraction, the following proportions were released as amino acids by acid hydrolysis: 62.15 ± 8.5 % on 0-feed, 61.6 ± 10.7 % on ULP-feed and 59.0 ± 13.9% on NorP-feed. (α, Ɛ-diaminopimelic acid was 1.7 ± 0.6, 0.7 ± 0.2 (P < 0.05) and 1.2 ± 0,4 mol % respectively of the total amino acids of the hydrolyzate. The soluble nitrogen fraction was separated into free amino acid and »peptide» fractions, and the amino acid composition of both was determined, the latter after acid hydrolysis

Breed and nutritional effects of the composition of faeces, urine, and plasma from Hereford and Brahman X Hereford steers fed on high and low quality diets

1967 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
JE Vercoe
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Quality Diet ◽  
Nutritional Effects ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

A comparison is presented of the composition of the faeces, urine, and plasma when Hereford and Brahman x Hereford steers were fed two different quality diets at three levels of intake. On a high quality diet (lucerne hay), the Brahman x Hereford steers produced significantly less faecal dry matter, total nitrogen, and non-dialysable nitrogen than the Hereford steers, but there were no significant differences between the breeds or between animals within a breed in total urinary nitrogen or any of its major constituents. On a low quality diet (blue grass–spear grass hay) the two breeds were not significantly different in faecal dry matter, total nitrogen, or non-dialysable nitrogen. The Brahman x Hereford steers excreted more total nitrogen, urea, and creatinine in their urine, part of which could be attributed to a higher liveweight; and they had significantly lower nitrogen balances. In animals of the same breed, water intake and urine volume were negatively correlated with plasma urea and nitrogen balance and positively correlated with urinary total nitrogen, creatinine, and uric acid.

scholarly journals Digestibility and nitrogen balance of the feed of dairy cows with urea as the sole or partial source of nitrogen

1977 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-198
Author(s):  
M. Kreula ◽  
T. Ettala
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Low Protein

The digestibility and nitrogen balance tests were performed both with cows on purified protein-free feed (0-feed) with urea as the sole source of nitrogen, and with cows on a urea-rich, low-protein diet (ULP-feed). In addition to ordinary low-protein fodders, ULP-feed contained also as the source of energy so-called hemicellulose and 0-fibre, which are waste products of the cellulose industry. The determinations were made either with chromic oxide as an indicator, or by collecting the faeces and urine separately. The average digestibility percentage of the nitrogen (= urea-N) with 0-cows was 67.0±5.2, that of the dry matter 73.9±5.1 and that of the organic matter 76.6±5.1. With ULP-cows the average digestibility percentage of the total nitrogen was 71.2±4.9 and that of the urea nitrogen varied between 70 and 86. The average digestibility percentage of hemicellulose was 83 and that of the 0-fibre of the sulphite cellulose industry (0-fibre 2) 80. The nitrogen balance was positive in all experiments, + 20.4 ± 20.6 g with 0-cows and + 39,4 ± 16.4 g with ULP-cows per day.

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