scholarly journals Nitrogen fertilization of winter wheat in spring in Finland: comparison of calcium ammonium nitrate and calcium nitrate, and the effect of split application

1991 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-98
Author(s):  
Oili Mohammadi ◽  
Leena Ristimäki ◽  
Stephan Vermeulen ◽  
Esko Viikari
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Split Application ◽  
N Application ◽  
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
In The Beginning

The effectiveness of calcium nitrate (CN) and calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) as N sources for winter wheat in spring was studied in seven field trials in Southern Finland, in the province of Uusimaa. The experiments were carried out on clay soils in 1986—1989. Nitrogen dressings of 120—150 kg ha-1 were broadcasted either as a single application or split into two applications. The two applications were in most cases 30—40 and 90 —110 kg ha-1. The single or the first split application was given in the beginning of the growing season and the latter application at the end of tillering. The grain yields obtained by a single N application of 140—150 kg ha-1 ranged from 2 610 to 7 550 kg ha-1 and the protein content of grains from 9.4 to 14.5 %. The nitrogen form of the fertilizer had no significant effect on the grain yield and on the protein content of grains. Splitting the nitrogen increased the grain yield by 400 kg ha-1 and the protein content of grains by 0.8 percentage points.

Effect of Split Application on N Uptake by Wheat from N15 Labelled Ammonium Nitrate and Urea

1976 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hamid ◽  
G. Sarwar
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Split Application ◽  
Single Application ◽  
N Sources

SUMMARYThe effect of split application of N on the uptake of N by wheat from N15 labelled ammonium nitrate and urea was studied in the field. Nitrogen fertilizers were applied at 120 kg N/ha in a single application (at seeding); two split applications (at seeding and tillering); and six split applications (at seeding, tillering, boot, heading, flowering and the milky stage). Nitrogen applied in two splits was most productive for grain yield for both the N sources, but six split applications significantly increased the protein content in grain compared with single or two split applications. The utilization of N from ammonium nitrate in grain was significantly higher than from urea when applied in six split applications.

scholarly journals Influence of crop management on yield formation in cereals. [German]

1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-46
Author(s):  
G. Fischbeck
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
N Application ◽  
Yield Variation ◽  
Yield Formation

Grain yield of winter wheat in a given yr varied between 3.19 and 5.85 t/ha and between 3.2 and 4.7 t in 2 sets of data compiled in 1969-79 and 1972-8, respectively. no single factor including soil type, cv., preceding crop or N application was responsible for the yield differences. Variance for yr X location was responsible for 50% of grain yield variation in a series of field trials; cv.-specific crop management was only important at high yield levels. Preventive application of fungicides against major diseases increased the av. grain yield of 16 wheat cv. by 1.38 t. From trials in 1976-80 with winter wheat and spring barley, the number of grains/m2 was the most important criteron differentiating yield between and within the crops. Correlation between grain number and yield decreased as yield increased but 1000-grain wt. compensated for this effect. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Efficiency of Mineral Nitrogen Fertilization in Winter Wheat under Pannonian Climate Conditions

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 541
Author(s):  
Gerhard Moitzi ◽  
Reinhard W. Neugschwandtner ◽  
Hans-Peter Kaul ◽  
Helmut Wagentristl
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
N Loss ◽  
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Use

Improvements in nitrogen (N) use efficiency in crop production are important for addressing the triple challenges of food security, environmental degradation and climate change. The three fertilizers, calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN), urea (Urea) and stabilized urea (Ureastab), were applied at a rate of 160 kg N ha−1 with two or three splits to winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the Pannonian climate region of eastern Austria. On average, over all fertilization treatments, the grain yield (GY) increased by about a quarter and the grain N concentration (GNC) doubled compared to the control without fertilization. Consequently, the grain N yield (NYGRAIN) was increased with N fertilization by 154%. The GY increased due to a higher grain density with no differences between N fertilizers but with a tendency of a higher grain yield with three compared to two splits. Three splits also slightly increased the GNC and consequently the NYGRAIN of CAN and Ureastab in one year. The removal of N fertilizer with the NYGRAIN (N surplus) was higher than the amount of applied fertilizer. Fertilization decreased the N use efficiency (NUE), the N uptake efficiency (NUpE) and the N utilization efficiency (NUtE) but increased the soil mineral nitrate (NO3-N) at harvest and the apparent N loss (ANL). Three compared to two applications resulted in a higher NO3-N at harvest but also a lower N surplus due to partly higher NYGRAIN. Consequently, the ANL was lower with three compared to two splits. Also, the NUpE and the apparent N recovery efficiency (ANRE) were higher with three splits. The best N treatment regarding highest above-ground biomass yield with lowest N surplus, N balance and ANL was the three-split treatment (50 CAN, 50 CAN, 60 liquid urea ammonium nitrate). Three splits can, under semi-arid conditions, be beneficial when aiming high-quality wheat for bread-making and also for reducing the N loss. Whereas, two splits are recommended when aiming only at high GY, e.g., for ethanol-wheat production.

scholarly journals Is it necessary to split nitrogen fertilization for winter wheat? On-farm research on Luvisols in South-West Germany

2014 ◽  
Vol 153 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. SCHULZ ◽  
T. MAKARY ◽  
S. HUBERT ◽  
K. HARTUNG ◽  
S. GRUBER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
West Germany ◽  
N Application ◽  
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
South West ◽  
Increased Risk

SUMMARYMineral nitrogen (N) fertilization in cereals is commonly split into three or four applications. In order to simplify N fertilization, a single N application either broadcast or placed on the soil surface was compared to conventionally split fertilization for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The 4-year experiment (2007–2010) was performed using a participatory approach on farmers’ fields on deep loamy soils (Luvisols) in South-West Germany.Grain yield and crude protein contents differed only slightly or not at all between treatments including different N fertilizer types (calcium ammonium nitrate, urea ammonium nitrate solution, urea) and application techniques (broadcast, placed). Furthermore, no differences were found for the yield components ears/m2 and thousand grain weight. Inorganic N in the soil profile after harvest was generally below 40 kg N/ha and did not differ between treatments. In the area where N was placed, mineral N was depleted during the vegetation period.At the experimental sites a single N application in the period between tillering and stem elongation was sufficient to achieve high yield and quality of winter wheat without increased risk of nitrate leaching. This finding was independent of the method of application or the type of fertilizer.

scholarly journals Fertilizing experiments with anhydrous ammonia at Kotkaniemi

1971 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-219
Author(s):  
Yrjö Pessi ◽  
Jorma Syvälahti ◽  
Auvo Leskelä ◽  
Mikko Ylänen
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Anhydrous Ammonia ◽  
Winter Cereals ◽  
Spring Cereals ◽  
Grain Crop

On spring cereals and in fertilization in connection with the sowing of winter cereals the effectiveness of ammonia is comparable to that of calcium ammonium nitrate. In tests that were arranged at Rikkihappo Oy’s experimental farm Kotkaniemi it was established that anhydrous ammonia given in connection with spring cereal fertilization and autumn cereal earthing is equal to CAN in effect. 16 tests were carried out during a period of five years using placement fertilization the soil being silty clay in most cases. Differences did not occur in the grain yield, the 1000-grain number hl-weight or in the protein content of the grain crop. Urea proved to be less effective than the two other fertilizers.

scholarly journals Nutrient nitrogen management for disease control in strawberry

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 70-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Walter ◽  
B. Braithwaite ◽  
B.J. Smith ◽  
G.I. Langford
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Disease Susceptibility ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Colletotrichum Acutatum ◽  
N Application ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Berry Size ◽  
Important Disease

Botrytis cinerea and Colletotrichum acutatum are important strawberry pathogens Nitrogen (N) application can increase yield but also susceptibility to pathogens Strawberry plants (Camarosa and Ventana) were grown in sand fertilised with base nutrients plus ammonium nitrate ammonium sulphate or calcium nitrate at low (40 ppm N) and high (140 ppm N) concentration Controls consisted of base nutrients only and water only Flower production fruit yield and berry size all increased with increasing Nconcentration but Nsource itself was not important Disease susceptibility was affected by both Nconcentration and Nsource At high Nconcentration C acutatum fruit lesions were largest in ammonium sulphate treatments > ammonium nitrate > calcium nitrate; Botryits cinerea lesions were largest in ammonium nitrate > ammonium sulphate > calcium nitrate Similar trends were observed for leaf susceptibility to the two pathogens These data suggest that calcium nitrate may be a suitable source of nitrogen helping growers to reduce disease risk

scholarly journals Differences in rainfall and temperature define the use of different types of nitrogen fertilizer on managed grassland in UK, NL [Netherlands] and Eire

1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.W. Bussink ◽  
O. Oenema
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Temperature Pattern ◽  
Decision Support Model ◽  
Agronomic Efficiency ◽  
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
N Yield ◽  
Support Model

There are distinct differences between the Netherlands (NL) and the United Kingdom (UK) in the use of urea and calcium ammonium nitrate (Ca-AmmN) fertilizers on grassland. It has been known for some time that rainfall and temperature affect NH3 volatilization from urea and its agronomic efficiency. This study aimed (i) to examine rainfall and temperature pattern in NL and UK in relation to the observed urea efficiency, and (ii) to provide a simple decision support model for farmers to enable them to choose the most appropriate N fertilizer. A statistical analysis (residual maximum likelihood) of existing data from numerous field trials was undertaken. The agronomic efficiency of urea compared to Ca-AmmN in field trials was expressed as (i) urea relative N yield (Urel-N-y), and (ii) apparent-urea relative (N) yield (Uarel-(N)-y). In NL, (Urel-N-y) did not significantly differ from 100% on peat grassland. Mean (Urel-N-y) on sand and clay was 95%, in both cases. Mean seasonal Uarel-y and Uarel-N-y for the summed data of sand and clay soils was 92.3 and 86.4%, respectively, without significant differences between first and later cuts. There was no significant improvement of UNapp-relY in the last decades. In the first cut, mean Uarel-y was lower than in UK (100.9%) and Eire (100.2%). Differences in efficiency between countries could be described by short-term rainfall and temperature. By aggregating NL, UK and Eire data a simple regression equation was derived: Uarel-y= 89.48(+or-0.78) +[2.188(+or-0.15)xR3] -[1.091(+or-0.07)xT3], where R3 and T3 are rainfall amount and average temperature within three days after fertilizer application, respectively. The decision support model based on this equation showed that under prevailing NL weather conditions it will be profitable for the farmer to apply urea instead of calcium ammonium nitrate, for the first and second cut, only once every 5 and 7 years, respectively, because R3's exceeding 6 and 9.5 mm are required.

scholarly journals Calcium nitrate and ammonium nitrate limestone as sources of nitrogen for oats and barley

1961 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-168
Author(s):  
Pentti Hänninen ◽  
Armi Kaila
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Malting Barley ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cent Level

Calcium nitrate and ammonium nitrate limestone (»Oulunsalpietari») were compared as the nitrogen fertilizer for oats in 15 field trials and for barley in one trial. The trials were carried out in summers 1959 and 1960 in various places in Finland. The split plot technique was employed in order to reduce the variation as much as possible. In 1959 the amounts of nitrogen applied as these two fertilizers to the corresponding halves of the plots were 25 and 50 kg/ha. In 1960 also higher applications were used: 75 and 100 kg/ha of N. In three trials these fertilizers were compared both as a surface dressing and worked in. Visual observations suggested about 5—6 weeks after sowing a darker green colour in the stands treated with calcium nitrate as compared with the other half treated with ammonium nitrate limestone. These differences later disappeared. In some trials a higher nitrogen content of the plants from the calcium nitrate stands could be demonstrated during this period. The uptake of nitrogen by plants was regularly followed throughout the growing period. Owing to the large variation, usually, no statistically significant difference between the effect of the fertilizers could be detected. In a few cases the superiority of calcium nitrate could be demonstrated. No differences in the ripening could be found. In most trials there was a fairly regular tendency to higher yields and higher nitrogen content in the grain and straw produced by calcium nitrate. Yet, only in a few cases were the differences statistically significant at the five per cent level. Thus, it was concluded that on the basis of the results of these trials ammonium nitrate limestone and calcium nitrate may be considered practically equal as nitrogen fertilizers for oats. There was no difference in the yields of barley produced by these two fertilizers, but the nitrogen content of grains was significantly lower with ammonium nitrate limestone than with calcium nitrate. This may be worth further study in connection with the production of malting barley.

scholarly journals Some correlations between parameters of winter wheat technological quality

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Jindřiška Kučerová
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Loaf Volume ◽  
Bread Making ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Baking Quality ◽  
Technological Quality

The results of three-year trials (1999 to 2001) conducted with six winter wheat varieties in which was studied the grain yield and parameters of technological quality. Varieties of wheat come from four different localities of the Czech Republic. The most favourable weather conditions, a lot of precipitation and high temperature in the course of ripening from three years were proved in the year 2000. The best grain yield were in 2001 (average of sites 8.84 t/ha) and variety Semper, worst quality, had the highest grain yield of 9.17 t/ha, the least grain yield had Sulamit, best quality (7.94 t/ha). The laboratory analysis revealed negative correlation between grain yield and baking quality. The number of statistically highly significant correlations among bread-making quality parameters too.The negative correlation was of grain yield and grain volume mass (P < 0.05), Zeleny test and protein content taken as a whole for three years (P < 0.01). The correlation of loaf volume, which is the traits of baking quality and Zeleny test (r = 0.6016**), protein content (r = 0.5932**), dough stability (r = 0.2898**) and flour water absorption (r = 0.3632**) was positive (P < 0.01).

Increasing of wheat grain yield by use of a liquid fertilizer

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Tsotne Samadashvili ◽  
Gulnari Chkhutiashvili ◽  
Mirian Chokheli ◽  
Zoia Sikharulidze ◽  
Qetevan Nacarishvili
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Liquid Fertilizer

Wheat is a vital crop in Georgia and in the world. Because of the increase in the rate of population growth, improving the grain yield is the way to meet food demand. Proper crop nutrition plays a vital role in maintaining the world’s food supply. Fertilizer is essential for accomplishing this.One of the most important means for increasing the wheat yield is fertilizer, especially, organic fertilizer. The present research was carried out to study the effects of different doses (150ml, 200ml and 300 ml on ha) of humic organic fertilizer “Ecorost” on yield of winter wheat cultivar “Tbilisuri 15”. The humic liquid fertilizer "Ecorost" is a peat-based organic-mineral fertilizer. The product is active and saturated due to the use of the latest technology and living bacteria found in peat. The field trials were conducted in 2017-2019 at the Experimental Site of Scientific Research Center of Agriculture in Dedopliskharo- arid region (Eastern Georgia).Liquid fertilizer was applied two times: in tillering stage in early spring and two weeks after - in stem elongation stage. Results indicated that the highest wheat grain yield (4t/ha) was achieved when the plants were fertilized with 300 ml on 1 ha ofEcorost. Applications of liquid fertilizer “Ecorost” increased grain yield of winter wheat by 16.2% in comparison with standard nitrogen fertilization. Thus, liquid fertilizer “Ecorost” had a significant effect on wheat grain yield compared to control standard nitrogen fertilizer.

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