The effects of added glycerol or unprotected free fatty acids or a combination of the two on silage intake, milk production, rumen fermentation and diet digestibility in cows given grass silage based diets

The addition of glycerol or free fatty acids either alone or in combination to concentrate was studied for the effects on feed intake, milk production, rumen fermentation, blood metabolites and diet digestibility in dairy cows given grass silage ad libitum. The study was conducted on 12 mid-lactating cows, four of them ruminally cannulated. Barley-based concentrate (control diet, C) was given 7 kg/d as fed. In the other three diets, 36 g/kg of barley was replaced by glycerol (G) or a mixture of free fatty acids (FA) or by a combination of the two, making a total of 72 g/kg (GFA). The experimental design consisted of balanced 4 x 4 Latin squares with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of diets: the effects of G, FA and G*FA interaction. The FA diets significantly decreased silage intake, increased milk yield, decreased milk protein content, increased the concentrations of C18:0, C18:1, and C20:1 and decreased those of C8-16, and C18:3 fatty acids in milk fat. The FA diets also increased the concentration of nonesterified fatty acids in plasma, and decreased the digestibility of organic matter and neutral detergent fibre but increased that of fat. Glycerol decreased the molar proportion of acetate and increased the molar proportions of propionate and butyrate in the rumen, but the addition of glycerol did not have any effect on silage intake, milk yield or milk composition. Milk yield was highest when glycerol and free fatty acids were given together, showing a positive interaction.

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The Mode of Grass Supply to Dairy Cows Impacts on Fatty Acid and Antioxidant Profile of Milk

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9091256 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 1256

Author(s):

Senén De La Torre-Santos ◽

Luis J. Royo ◽

Adela Martínez-Fernández ◽

Cristina Chocarro ◽

Fernando Vicente

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Major Influence ◽

Grass Silage ◽

Zero Grazing

The optimization of milk production includes a rational use of forages, respect for the environment and offers the best quality to consumers. Milk production based on grass and forages produces healthier milk and it is widely spread throughout the Atlantic arc to maximize milk yield per hectare. However, the mode of offering the grass can have a major influence on milk composition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of grass supply mode (grazing, zero-grazing or ensiling) on dairy cows’ performance, with particular reference to fatty acids and fat-soluble antioxidants concentration. A three by three Latin square experiment was performed with 18 dairy cows. Experimental treatments consisted of exclusive feeding with grass silage and zero-grazing, both offered ad libitum indoors, or grazing for 24 h. The results showed that grazing cows had a higher dry matter intake and greater milk yield than cows feeding on grass silage and zero-grazing, as well as higher concentrations of protein, lactose, nonfat-solids and urea in milk than housed cows. Milk fat from grazing cows had a higher proportion of unsaturated fatty acids than from cows feeding on grass silage and zero-grazing, with significant differences in the proportion of vaccenic and rumenic acids. The 18:1 trans-11 to 18:1 trans-10 ratio is proposed as biomarker to identify the milk produced from the management system of grazing cattle. Milk from grazing cows had a greater proportion of lutein than cows eating grass silage, with the zero-grazing system having intermediate values. In conclusion, the mode of grass supply affects fatty acid and antioxidant profiles of milk.

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Energy efficiency of diet for periparturient dairy cows supplemented with free fatty acids or glucogenic additives

Medycyna Weterynaryjna ◽

10.21521/mw.5599 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 72 (12) ◽

pp. 760-767

Author(s):

Renata Klebaniuk ◽

Grzegorz Kochman ◽

Edyta Kowalczuk-Vasilev ◽

Eugeniusz R. Grela ◽

Maciej Bąkowski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Free Fatty Acid ◽

Energy Balance ◽

Free Fatty Acids ◽

Propylene Glycol ◽

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Sodium Propionate ◽

Transition Cows

The aim of the study was to compare the efficiency of two energy preparations used at fixed doses, but for different lengths of time: 1) a loose mixture of propylene glycol and sodium propionate, and 2) a granular formulation of free fatty acids produced from palm oil and palm nut, non-degradable in the rumen.. A three-factorial experiment was carried out on 5 groups of Polish Black and White Holstein-Friesian cows (10 animals each) which were within the transition period. The aim of the experiment was to determine the effect of two energy preparations administered at a constant dose, but over different time periods, on the animals' performance, as well as on their milk yield and composition. The following treatment groups were formed: control group C, which received a standard diet; experimental groups G1 and G2, which received a dietary additive of a glucogenic preparation; and experimental groups F1 and F2, which received a free fatty acid preparation. The diet of the transition cows was supplemented with the full dose of the additives (500g/head/day) for 2 weeks before the expected calving and 3 or 6 weeks of lactation. The present research confirmed the benefits of dietary inclusion of energy supplements for transition cows. Supplementation with both glucogenic and free fatty acid preparations reduced the negative energy balance in the cow’s organism and improved milk production and composition. The milk yield, higher by ca. 10% for the cows fed diets with energy additives (relative to the control treatment), provides evidence of a substantial beneficial effect of supplemental dietary energy on the efficiency of cow milk production. In the present study, the best basic milk composition was obtained in the cows receiving a dietary addition of the glucogenic preparation at a dose of 500g/head/day until the end of the 6th lactation week. The animals from this group also had the highest milk yield evaluated for 305 days. In order to improve the energy balance in high-yielding transition cows, it is recommended that dairy managers apply feed energy additives based on propylene glycol and sodium propionate.

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Effect of level of grain supplementation on milk production responses of dairy cows in mid - late lactation when grazing irrigated pastures high in paspalum (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.)

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea00076 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

G. P. Walker ◽

C. R. Stockdale ◽

W. J. Wales ◽

P. T. Doyle ◽

D. W. Dellow

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Paspalum Dilatatum ◽

Cereal Grain ◽

Diminishing Returns ◽

Supplement Intake

Two grazing experiments tested the hypothesis that a cereal grain-based supplement, fed to cows that are in mid–late lactation and grazing low metabolisable energy and high neutral detergent fibre content paspalum (Paspalum dilatatum Poir.)-type pastures, will increase milk yield, but that this response will diminish with successive increments of supplement. A further objective of this research was to investigate some of the factors, such as altered rumen fermentation pattern, that might vary the point at which diminishing returns start to occur. Cows grazed irrigated perennial pasture at an allowance of either 25 (experiment 1) or 31 (experiment 3) kg of dry matter (DM) per cow per day in late summer–early autumn (mid–late lactation) and were supplemented with cereal grain-based concentrates up to 11 and 7 kg DM/cow.day in experiments 1 and 3, respectively. In experiment 1, there were 3 replicates of 6 treatments (3 cows in each treatment group) that involved the feeding of either 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 or 11 kg DM/cow.day of supplement for 50 days. Experiment 3 was conducted over 35 days. There were 2 replicates of 4 treatments (4 cows per treatment group) that involved the feeding of either 0, 3, 5 or 7 kg DM/cow.day of supplement. A further experiment (experiment 2), associated with experiment 1, examined the effects of offering cereal grain-based concentrates up to 7 kg DM/cow.day to dairy cows consuming 10 kg DM/day of herbage with a high paspalum content on aspects of rumen fermentation. Incremental responses of 40 g/kg fat-corrected milk (FCM) to increasing concentrate intake diminished with increasing concentrate intake, with the level of supplementation at which diminishing returns occurred dependent on herbage allowance and, therefore, herbage intake. At a supplement intake of 3 kg DM/cow.day, the response in FCM was 1.1 kg/kg concentrate DM in both grazing experiments. There were no further increases in milk production with additional increments of concentrates in experiment 3 where the pasture allowance was highest. In experiment 1, where concentrates were offered to a level of 11 kg DM/cow.day, and the pasture allowance was lower, diminishing returns were not as pronounced as in experiment 3 until the highest levels of concentrate intake. Substitution of supplement for herbage was a major factor in causing the diminishing returns in both experiments, but especially in experiment 3, where pasture intakes were higher. Milk fat content was significantly (P<0.05) reduced (41.8 v. 32.5 g/kg) when concentrate intake increased from 9 to 10.4 kg supplement DM/cow.day in experiment 1. It was hypothesised that this reduction in milk fat content was probably due to the effects of subclinical rumen lactic acidosis. This hypothesis was supported by the trend to lower rumen pH for longer periods as supplement intake increased as well as a more variable milk yield at the highest level of supplement intake. We conclude that responses of FCM of 1.1 kg/kg DM cereal grain-based concentrates can be achieved when they are fed twice daily up to 3 kg DM/day to dairy cows grazing restricted amounts of paspalum-type pasture in autumn. Beyond 3 kg DM/day, marginal responses diminished with increasing concentrate intake, with the level of supplementation at which diminishing returns occurred being dependent on herbage allowance and, therefore, intake.

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Effects of supplemental dietary fatty acids on milk yield and fatty acid composition in high and medium yielding cows

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s002202990800318x ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 75 (2) ◽

pp. 142-152 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Martin Riis Weisbjerg ◽

Lars Wiking ◽

Niels Bastian Kristensen ◽

Peter Lund

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Latin Squares ◽

Dietary Fatty Acids ◽

Production Level ◽

Milk Fat Globule ◽

Fat Globule

The present study tested the hypothesis that supplemental dietary fatty acids (FA) affect the energy corrected milk yield in proportion to the milk production level of dairy cows, and increase both long chain FA proportion of milk FA and milk fat globule diameter. Sixteen Danish Holstein cows were divided into four 4×4 Latin squares with two squares of medium yielding cows (32·2 kg energy corrected milk (ECM)/d; 158 days in milk (DIM)) and two squares of high yielding cows (40·0 kg ECM/d; 74 DIM). Experimental length was 12 weeks, with three weeks for each of the four periods. The four treatments were no supplementation (17 g FA/kg dry matter (DM)) and three diets with supplemented FA (29, 40, and 52 g total FA/kg DM, respectively) obtained by substituting barley with Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD) fat. Diets were offered as total mixed rations with 63% grass/clover silage (DM basis). Dry matter intake decreased with increasing FA supplementation, but net energy intake was not affected. The general linear responses to 10 g/kg DM increase in FA level were 1·1 kg ECM (P<0·0001), 0·061 kg milk fat (P<0·0001), 0·012 kg milk protein (P=0·09) and 0·052 kg lactose (P=0·0002) per day, and linear responses in milk composition were 0·39 g fat (P=0·07), −0·71 g protein (P<0·0001) and 0·05 g lactose (P=0·3) per kg milk, and 0·092 μm (P<0·0001) in milk fat average globule diameter. Fatty acid supplementation decreased short- and medium-chain FA and C16:0 and increased C18:1 proportions of total FA in milk. Supplemental dietary FA increased ECM yield but not in proportion to production level as anticipated, and increased average FA chain length and milk fat globule diameter.

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Effect of Rumen Protected Methionine Supplementation on Early Lactational Responses of Dairy Cows Fed a Grass Silage and Cereals Diet

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica ◽

10.1556/004.47.1999.2.5 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 191-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Stefania Iwańska ◽

Danuta Strusińska ◽

Barbara Pysera

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Production Performance ◽

Control Group ◽

Net Energy ◽

Grass Silage ◽

Daily Milk Yield ◽

Daily Milk

To investigate the milk production limiting potential of a diet based on grass silage (40%), hay (15%), dried sugar beet pulp (13%) and grain compound mixture (32%), 28 multiparous cows in early lactation were randomly assigned to two treatment groups: a control group and a group receiving supplementary rumen protected methionine (RPMet) treatment (12 g intestinally available methionine/ cow/day, given 1–120 days postpartum; Smartamine™; RPAN’s technology). The diet was formulated to meet the requirements for protein and net energy. RPMet supplementation had no significant effect on DMI (kg/cow/day), milk dry mass, milk lactose and milk urea contents. Responses for mean daily milk yield, mean milk fat and milk protein yields were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in cows supplied with RPMet than in controls. Mean daily milk yield, milk protein and milk fat yields increased by 2.4 kg, 108 g and 124 g, respectively. The mean daily milk protein and casein contents were increased by 1.8 g and 0.9 g and milk fat content by 1.2 g in 1 kg of milk, respectively. The results suggest that in cows fed grass silage and a grain compound mixture milk production is limited by methionine insufficiency, but milk production performance can be increased significantly by the addition of RPMet to the diet.

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Forage mixtures for dairy cows: the effect on dry-matter intake and milk production of incorporating either fermented or urea-treated whole-crop wheat, brewers' grains, fodder beet or maize silage into diets based on grass silage

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1357729800014053 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. 491-496 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

R. H. Phipps ◽

J. D. Sutton ◽

B. A. Jones

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Maize Silage ◽

Fodder Beet ◽

Grass Silage ◽

Dietary Crude Protein ◽

Holstein Friesian ◽

Forage Mixtures

AbstractOne hundred and two multiparous Holstein/Friesian dairy coivs were used to examine the effect on food intake and milk production of replacing 330 g/kg dry matter (DM) of first-cut perennial ryegrass silage (GS) with either fermented (FW) or urea (40 g/kg DM) treated (UW) whole-crop wheat, brewers' grains (BG), fodder beet (FB) or maize silage (MS). A forage mixture containing GS and 750 g/kg DM of maize silage (MSH) was also offered. Dietary crude protein (CP) concentrations were equalized by offering all cows 6 kg DM per day of an appropriate concentrate supplement. DM intake and milk yield of cows offered GS (15·3, 23·0 kg/day) were increased (F < 0·01) by the inclusion of BG (16·3, 26·7 kg/day), FB (17·6, 25·9 kg/day), MS (16·6, 26·4 kg/day) and MSH (18·5, 27·6 kg/day). BG, FB and MS all produced similar increases in milk yield. Although the inclusion of FW and UW increased (F < 0·05) DM intake, milk yield was not significantly affected. The differences between the highest and lowest milk fat concentration, produced by FB (42·9 g/kg) and BG (40·1 g/kg) respectively, and the highest and lowest milk protein concentration produced by FB (32·1 g/kg) and GS (29·9 g/kg) respectively, were statistically significant (F < 0·001). Milk fat and protein yields of cows offered GS (0·97, 0·71 kg/day) were increased (F < 0·01) by BG (1·07, 0·82 kg/day), FB (1·11, 0·83 kg/day), MS (1·11, 0·83 kg/day) and MSH (1·12, 0·88 kg/day). Intermediate values were recorded for FW (1·01, 0·72 kg/day) or UW (1·00, 0·73 kg/day). Results show that farmers should consider replacing a major part of the grass silage component with an alternative forage or forage substitute.

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The effect of altering the hay to concentrate ratio and concentrate composition on the rumen fermentation of dry sheep and milk production of lactating dairy ewes

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1357729800051493 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

pp. 637-645 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

G. Zervas ◽

L. Zarkadas ◽

K. Koutsotolis ◽

C. Goulas ◽

A. Mantzios

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Lactation Period ◽

Ph Values ◽

Dairy Ewes ◽

Period 2 ◽

Forage Diets

AbstractIn order to examine the effects of diets, with two hay to concentrate ratios and two forms of concentrates on the rumen fermentation of dry sheep and milk production of lactating ewes, three trials were conducted.In the first trial, four wether sheep, each fitted with a rumen cannula, were used in a 4 × 4 Latin-square design, by allocating them to one of four diets with different hay to concentrate ratio and concentrate type. The diets consisted of 0·5 kg hay and 0·75 kg either starchy (HRSC) or fibrous (HRFC) concentrates, or 0·25 kg hay and 1·0 kg either starchy (LRSC) or fibrous (LRFC) concentrates. The diets were designed to provide similar intakes of energy and crude protein. Volatile fatty acids (VFA) and ammonia concentrations, pH values and number of protozoa were determined in wether rumen fluid.Total VFA concentration was not significantly affected by diet but acetate and n-butyrate proportions were higher (P < 0·002) on the higher forage diets and propionate higher (P < 0·002) on the lower forage diets. pH values and number of protozoa in sheep rumen fluid were unaffected by treatment, while ammonia concentration was lower (P < 0·05) on the HRFC diet.In the second trial, 60 lactating dairy ewes were allocated to one of four diets for weeks 11 to 15 of lactation (period 1). Ewes were given food daily: 0·87 kg hay and 1·3 kg either HRFC or HRSC concentrates, or 0·4 kg hay and 1·6 kg either LRFC or LRSC concentrates. During weeks 16 to 20 of lactation (period 2), the ewes were given the same amount and type of concentrates but hay was supplied ad libitum and this period formed the third trial.Milk yield and milk composition were affected significantly by hay to concentrate ratio with the lower hay to concentrate ratio resulting in a significant increase in milk yield, milk protein efficiency, protein content and protein and lactose yields. Milk fat content and yield were reduced. Hay intake was proportionately greater (P < 0·002) by 0·15 to 0·20 with starchy than with fibrous concentrate diets in period 2. Problems such as acidosis or ‘off-food’ periods in ewes given the low hay to concentrate ratio diets were not observed, irrespective of concentrate type.

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Consequences of herbal mixture supplementation on milk performance, ruminal fermentation, and bacterial diversity in water buffaloes

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.11241 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e11241

Author(s):

Faizul Hassan ◽

Zhenhua Tang ◽

Hossam M. Ebeid ◽

Mengwei Li ◽

Kaiping Peng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Bacterial Diversity ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Control Group ◽

Herbal Mixture ◽

Fermentation Parameters ◽

Daily Milk Yield

This study was aimed to evaluate the potential of a herbal mixture (HM) to improve production performance, rumen fermentation, and milk fatty acid profile in water buffaloes. Sixteen Murrah buffaloes (in four groups) were fed for 10 weeks with the same basal diet supplemented with 0 (control); 20 (HM20), 30 (HM30), and 40 (HM40) g/buffalo per day. The herbal mixture contained an equal quantity of black pepper (fruit), ginger (tubers), cinnamon (bark), peppermint (leaves), ajwain (seeds) and garlic (bulbs). After two weeks of adaptation, daily milk yield, and weekly milk composition were recorded. On the last day of the experiment, rumen contents were collected to determine rumen fermentation parameters and bacterial diversity through 16S rRNA sequencing. Results revealed no effect of treatment on dry matter intake (DMI), rumen fermentation parameters, and daily milk yield. However, milk fat (%) showed a tendency to increase (p = 0.07) in HM20 as compared with the control group. A significant increase in mono and polyunsaturated fatty acids (C14:1, C16:1, C18:2n6 and C18:3) whereas a decrease in saturated fatty acids (C18:0) in milk was observed in HM20 as compared with the control group. No significant change in bacterial diversity parameters (alpha and beta diversity) was observed in response to the treatment. Despite the substantial variation observed in the relative abundance of bacteria among treatment groups, no significant effect of treatment was observed when compared with the control group. Correlation analysis revealed several positive and negative correlations of rumen bacteria with rumen volatile fatty acids (VFA) and milk yield traits. Bacterial genera including Succinivibrionaceae, Butyrivibrio, Pseudobutyrivibrio, and Lachnospiraceae showed a positive correlation with VFA and milk yield traits. Overall, we observed 52 positive and 10 negative correlations of rumen bacteria with milk fatty acid contents. Our study revealed the potential of the herbal mixture at a lower supplemental level (20 g/day) to increase milk fat (%) and unsaturated fatty acid content in buffalo.

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Effect of ruminal administration of soy sauce oil on rumen fermentation, milk production and blood parameters in dairy cows

Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences ◽

10.5713/ajas.19.0617 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (11) ◽

pp. 1779-1786

Author(s):

Daiji Konno ◽

Masanobu Takahashi ◽

Ikuo Osaka ◽

Takenori Orihashi ◽

Kiyotaka Sakai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Animal Health ◽

Rumen Fermentation ◽

Soy Sauce ◽

Carbon Chain Length ◽

Lipid Source ◽

Normal Ranges

Objective: To evaluate soy sauce oil (a by-product of making whole soybean soy sauce) as a new dietary lipid source, a large amount of soy sauce oil was administered into the rumen of dairy cows.Methods: Four Holstein dairy cows fitted with rumen cannulae were used in a 56-day experiment. Ruminal administration of soy sauce oil (1 kg/d) was carried out for 42 days from day 8 to day 49 to monitor nutritional, physiological and production responses.Results: Dry matter intake and milk yield were not affected by soy sauce oil administration, whereas 4% fat-corrected milk yield and the percentage of milk fat decreased. Although ruminal concentration of total volatile fatty acids (VFA) and the proportion of individual VFA were partially affected by administration of soy sauce oil, values were within normal ranges, showing no apparent inhibition in rumen fermentation. Administration of soy sauce oil decreased the proportions of milk fatty acids with a carbon chain length of less than 18, and increased the proportions of stearic, oleic, vaccenic and conjugated linoleic acids. Conjugated linoleic acid content in milk became 5.9 to 8.8 times higher with soy sauce oil administration. Blood serum concentrations of non-esterified fatty acid, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, total cholesterol, free cholesterol, esterified cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid increased with administration of soy sauce oil, suggesting a higher energy status of the experimental cows.Conclusion: The results suggest that soy sauce oil could be a useful supplement to potentially improve milk functionality without adverse effects on ruminal fermentation and animal health. More detailed analysis is necessary to optimize the supplementation level of this new lipid source in feeding trials.

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Increasing Energy Ration of Bali Cattle to Improve Digestible Nutrient, Milk Yield and Milk Quality

International Research Journal of Engineering IT & Scientific Research ◽

10.21744/irjeis.v3i1.359 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

Ni Nyoman Suryani ◽

I Wayan Suarna ◽

Ni Putu Sarini ◽

I Gede Mahardika

Keyword(s):

Energy Intake ◽

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Block Design ◽

Parent Body ◽

Milk Quality ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Increase Energy Intake ◽

Bali Cattle

To determine the effect of energy levels on digestible nutrient, milk production and milk quality of 7 months pregnant Bali cattle, was the purpose of this study. The study was conducted in Bali, Province of Indonesia on 12 pregnant breeding phase of pre-calving (2 months before the birth) with the parent body weight 329-340 kg/head. The treatment given is four types of Metabolizable Energy (ME) levels: 2000, 2100, 2200 and 2300/kg respectively as treatment A, B, C, and D. All ration contain 10% of crude protein. Variables measured: energy intake, digestible nutrient, milk yield, and milk quality. This research is a randomized block design. The results showed that increase energy ration until 2300 kcal ME/kg would significantly (P<0.05) increase energy intake and highest at cattle consumed ratio D is 22239.55 kcal/day. However, digestible nutrient was not affected. Milk production increased with increasing energy rations and highest (P<0.05) at cattle received treatment D is 2179.83 ml/day compared to treatment A 936.67 ml/day. Milk fat and milk lactose also highest (P<0.05) in treatment D are 8.56% and 4.76% respectively. Based on these results, it can be concluded that increase energy ration will increase energy intake, milk yield and milk fat and milk lactose of Bali cattle.

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