scholarly journals Hämähäkkimiehen seikkailut ”totuuden jälkeisessä” ajassa

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 77-91
Author(s):  
Laura Antola
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
White Male ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Special Effects ◽  
The Public ◽  
Media Technologies ◽  
Alternative Facts ◽  
Current Events ◽  
The Media

Tarkastelen artikkelissani sitä, miten John Wattsin ohjaamassa elokuvassa Spider-Man: Far from Home (2019) käytetään supersankarielokuvalle tyypillisiä genrepiirteitä rakentamaan totuuden jälkeisen ajan diskurssia. Genrepiirteiden, joita ovat ainutlaatuinen sankarihahmo, korotettu realismi ja erikoistehosteet, avulla elokuvassa käsitellään mediavälitteisen sankaruuden, valeuutisten ja totuuden jälkeisen ajan teemoja. Sekä elokuvan juoni että teemat liittyvät media- ja esitysteknologioihin, mikä tekee elokuvasta kiinnostavan tutkimuskohteen mediavälitteisten tarinoiden ja valemedian analysoimiseen. Marvelin supersankarielokuvat ovat kuluneen kymmenen vuoden aikana nousseet maailman tuottoisimmaksi elokuvasarjaksi. Niissä näyttävät erikoistehosteet yhdistyvät realistisiin elementteihin, ja monet supersankarielokuvat kommentoivat yhteiskunnan tapahtumia. Far from Homessa nykyajan tunnistettava teinikulttuuri, joka pyörii mobiililaitteiden ja sosiaalisen median ympärillä, on yksi elokuvan tavoista tuoda fantastiseen tarinaan realismin piirteitä. Elokuvan antagonisti, yleisön huomiota janoava versio vihaisesta valkoisesta miehestä, käyttää mediaa hyväkseen luodakseen itsestään kuvan ainutlaatuisena sankarina, joka pystyy vastaamaan maapalloa kohtaavaan uuteen uhkaan. Valheet ja totuuden muuntelu yhdistetään elokuvassa mediateknologioihin ja erikoistehosteiden käytöllä korostetaan valheellisuutta ja totuuden muuntelua. Supersankarielokuvan genrepiirteet ovat keskeinen väline, jonka avulla elokuva osallistuu totuuden jälkeisen ajan diskurssin tuottamiseen. Pyyteetön, totuudenmukainen päähenkilö taistelee yhteisen hyvän puolesta, tarina tapahtuu meidän maailmaamme muistuttavassa korotetun realismin maailmassa ja media välittää erikoistehosteilla tuotettuja valeuutisia yleisöille.   Adventures of Spider-Man in a post-truth era: Generic conventions of superhero films in building a discourse   In this article, I analyse how generic conventions of superhero films are used in John Watts’ Spider-Man: Far from Home (2019) to build the discourse of a post-truth era. The film uses these generic conventions, including an exceptional hero, heightened realism, and special effects, to discuss the themes of mediated heroism, fake news, and a post-truth era. Both the plot and themes of the film revolve around media technologies, granting an interesting point of view to the analysis of mediated storytelling and fake media. In the past decade, Marvel’s superhero films have become the highest grossing media franchise of all time. The films combine fantastic special effects and realistic elements, and many superhero films comment on current events and the society. In Far from Home, realism is presented through e.g. the representation of current teenage culture, revolving around mobile devices and social media. The film’s antagonist is an attention-seeking version of the “angry white male” trope, who uses media to create an image of himself as a hero with exceptional abilities to stop a new threat facing the world. Lies and altering the truth are connected to media technologies in the film’s narrative, and the use of special effects highlights deceitfulness and alternative facts. Generic conventions of superhero films are central in how the film constructs the discourse of a post-truth era: an altruistic hero fighting for the common good in a world reminiscent of our own, with the media spreading fake news created by special effects to the public.

scholarly journals Between Individualism and Community

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Andersen ◽  
Niels Nørgaard Kristensen
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Skills ◽  
Political Citizenship ◽  
Making A Difference ◽  
Current Events ◽  
The Media ◽  
Personal Interests

Abstract Media consumption in Denmark as well as other western democracies seems to be in transition in several ways. Fewer people keep up with politics and societal developments. Still, on the other hand, people show considerable political confidence and belief in personal political skills as well as in possibilities for making a “difference”. Often this phenomenon is given a theoretical foundation in the notion of “reflexive individualization”. This chapter draws the contours of an emerging role of political citizenship and identity: The individualized citizen. Embodied here is a character which is highly engaged and interested in politics, but at the same time does not follow along with current events in the media. The media continues to play an important role as a central tie between laymen and political authorities but its status and functioning is changing and its decisive role in democracy might be in decay. The individualized citizen represents a subjectivization and individualization of the political. The awareness and the scope and horizon of political orientations and engagement is increasingly turned on towards personal interests - possibly resulting in an erosion of the public spirit or the common good. The final section of the chapter also discusses possible consequences of a gradual cut between political elites and ordinary citizens.

More than “Fake News”?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Rossini ◽  
Jennifer Stromer-Galley ◽  
Ania Korsunska
Keyword(s):  
News Media ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
Fake News ◽  
The Public ◽  
Presidential Primary ◽  
The Media ◽  
Scholarly Attention

Abstract While the debate around the prevalence and potential effects of fake news has received considerable scholarly attention, less research has focused on how political elites and pundits weaponized fake news to delegitimize the media. In this study, we examine the rhetoric in 2020 U.S. presidential primary candidates Facebook advertisements. Our analysis suggests that Republican and Democratic candidates alike attack and demean the news media on several themes, including castigating them for malicious gatekeeping, for being out of touch with the views of the public, and for being a bully. Only Trump routinely attacks the news media for trafficking in falsehoods and for colluding with other interests to attack his candidacy. Our findings highlight the ways that candidates instrumentalize the news media for their own rhetorical purposes; further constructing the news media as harmful to democracy.

scholarly journals Discursive Deflection: Accusation of “Fake News” and the Spread of Mis- and Disinformation in the Tweets of President Trump

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 205630511877601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew S. Ross ◽  
Damian J. Rivers
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Analysis ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Hillary Clinton ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mainstream Media ◽  
Objective Truth ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Reports

Twitter is increasingly being used within the sociopolitical domain as a channel through which to circulate information and opinions. Throughout the 2016 US Presidential primaries and general election campaign, a notable feature was the prolific Twitter use of Republican candidate and then nominee, Donald Trump. This use has continued since his election victory and inauguration as President. Trump’s use of Twitter has drawn criticism due to his rhetoric in relation to various issues, including Hillary Clinton, the size of the crowd in attendance at his inauguration, the policies of the former Obama administration, and immigration and foreign policy. One of the most notable features of Trump’s Twitter use has been his repeated ridicule of the mainstream media through pejorative labels such as “fake news” and “fake media.” These labels have been deployed in an attempt to deter the public from trusting media reports, many of which are critical of Trump’s presidency, and to position himself as the only reliable source of truth. However, given the contestable nature of objective truth, it can be argued that Trump himself is a serial offender in the propagation of mis- and disinformation in the same vein that he accuses the media. This article adopts a corpus analysis of Trump’s Twitter discourse to highlight his accusations of fake news and how he operates as a serial spreader of mis- and disinformation. Our data show that Trump uses these accusations to demonstrate allegiance and as a cover for his own spreading of mis- and disinformation that is framed as truth.

scholarly journals Stings and Scams: ‘Fake News,’ the First Amendment, and the New Activist Journalism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Dorf ◽  
Sidney Tarrow
Keyword(s):  
First Amendment ◽  
Political Activism ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Planned Parenthood ◽  
Investigative Reporting ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Media ◽  
Sting Operation

Constitutional law, technological innovations, and the rise of a cultural “right to know” have recently combined to yield “fake news,” as illustrated by an anti-abortion citizen-journalist sting operation that scammed Planned Parenthood. We find that the First Amendment, as construed by the Supreme Court, offers scant protection for activist journalists to go undercover to uncover wrongdoing, while providing substantial protection for the spread of falsehoods. By providing activists the means to reach sympathetic slices of the public, the emergence of social media has returned journalism to its roots in political activism, at the expense of purportedly objective and truthful investigative reporting. But the rise of “truthiness” — that is, falsehoods with the ring of truth, diffused through new forms of communication — threatens the integrity of the media. How to respond to these contradictions is a growing problem for advocates of free speech and liberal values more generally.

scholarly journals Tinjauan Hukum Kriminalisasi Berita Hoax: Menjaga Persatuan vs. Kebebasan Berpendapat

Kosmik Hukum ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Cindy Bella Devina ◽  
Dissa Chandra Iswari ◽  
Go Christian Bryan Goni ◽  
Devi Kimberly Lirungan
Keyword(s):  
Deliberative Democracy ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Freedom Of Speech ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Abuse Of Power ◽  
The Public ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Media

The existence of hoaxes in Indonesia has been around for a long time. However, the term hoax was widespread and became part of daily conversations in the media and the public during the 2014 and 2019 Presidential Election. The rapid development of social media use and the ease of information exchange accelerated the spread of hoax. Even in the COVID-19 pandemic, hoax news about the corona virus and matters related to it are widespread in the community. This hoax news, both during the Election and the Covid-19 Outbreak, caused much unrest in the community. Some of the hoax news spreaders were jailed for violations of the ITE Law. Various legal practitioners and academics have also suggested that hoax news creators and spreaders be criminalized. This article reviews normatively whether the criminalization of hoax news is feasible for reasons of maintaining stability or needs to be eliminated to maintain freedom of opinion. The author reviews the normative aspects of criminalizing the creation and dissemination of hoax news by using Habermas' theory of deliberative democracy. Through this theory, the writer finds that hoax news makes aspects of democracy such as dialogue that is full of awareness and accurate information unattainable. This is also in line with what the Indonesian constitution wants. However, it is necessary to ensure that the criminalization of hoaxes is not used as an instrument of abuse of power considering that the circulation of hoaxes is a symptom of a problem rather than the root of the problem itself.Keywords: Fake News, Criminalization, Stability, Freedom of Speech, Deliberative Democracy, Legal Revuew

A Taxonomy Approach to Fake News

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Valchanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Channels ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Online Environment ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Media Environment ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Media ◽  
Fact Checking ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Media Corporations

The development of the Internet and social media and networks as a media environment and communication channels combined with the specificity of the journalistic profession in the online environment are a factor which contributes to the emergence and proliferation of fake news. The lack of reliable fact checking by the media and the fast news consumption by the public lead to mass disinformation about certain issues or subjects. The current paper examines fake news from several points of view and describes the models of their use – as harmless jokes, as lack of journalistic competence or professionalism and as means of manipulation and intentional misleading of public opinion. The attempts of big media corporations to fight fake news are also described.

scholarly journals What Does a Constitution Expect from Immigrants?

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 1641-1656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uwe Volkmann
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Political System ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Political Community ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Media ◽  
Clear Idea

It is a long-established commonplace in any debate on immigration that immigrants should integrate into their receiving society. But integrate into what precisely? Into the labor market, into the legal order, into the political system, into a national culture whatever this might comprise? The Article tries to approach the question from the legal point of view and looks for hints or clues in the constitution which might help us with the answer. For this purpose, it explores the general theory of the constitution as it has been shaped by its professional interpreters as well as by political actors, the media and the public. The main intuition is that “constitution” is not only a written document, a text with a predefined, though maybe hidden meaning; instead, it is a social practice evolving over time and thereby reflecting the shared convictions of a political community of what is just and right. Talking about constitutional expectations toward immigrants then also tells us something about ourselves: about who we are and what kind of community we want to live in. As it turns out, we may not have a very clear idea of that.

Facts, Faction, Anachronism

PMLA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
pp. 1143-1149
Author(s):  
Russ Castronovo
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Past Participle ◽  
Defining Moment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Latin Word ◽  
Alternative Facts ◽  
The Media ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Trump Administration

Temporal concerns are baked into the matter of facts. From an etymological point of view, facts are moments of making and doing that are no longer alive and kicking. Coming into English and other modern Western languages by means of both the past participle of the Latin word facere (“to make or to do”) and the Latin noun factum, whose senses include the “result of doing” and “something done,” fact denotes an action that has happened and is now preserved like a fossil in the accumulated sediments of history (“Fact”). Etymologically speaking, facts are safely removed from the vicissitudes of the present and the whims of our leaders. So it makes sense that there should be some hand-wringing over facts that have become so thoroughly destabilized that they no longer seem to be based on anything. The defining moment in this distressing development occurred when the Trump administration, not content merely to put a spin on facts, dismissed quantifiable facts by summoning “alternative facts” to deny that the low attendance at the 2017 presidential inauguration was real. A dictionary, not the renowned one from Oxford but Urban Dictionary, offers the following definition of alternative facts: “an attempt to gaslight the population in an effort to control the media and create propaganda” (Mozzy-o). If only we could take refuge in etymology and remind ourselves and anyone else who will listen that facts are veritable faits accomplis, over and done with, past participles that stand as linguistic monuments to a bygone event beyond alteration.

Stress, work and mental health: a global perspective

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marten W deVries ◽  
Bill Wilkerson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Time Compression ◽  
Current Prevalence ◽  
The Media

Background:The United Nations, WHO and the World Bank have called the current prevalence rate of neuro-psychiatric disorder approaches of 1 in 4 individuals worldwide and ‘unheralded public health crisis’. Rates are driven by an early onset, high impairment and high chronicity of these disorders. Most importantly, detection and treatment rates are low, estimated at les than 10% worldwide resulting in 500 million people underserved. The related economic costs soared in 1999 to 120 billion dollars in Europe and North America, with over 60 billion dollars assigned to stress related disorders. Contributing factors are bio-psycho-social and include rapid social change as well as the time compression of modern life resulting in the experience of increased work-life stress that parallels a decade long intensification of activities in the workplace. Coping with the requirements of the new economy of mental performance has lagged behind at many individual and social levels as we cling to adjustments made during the industrial economy of the last century. A climate of transition, and more recently, terror and fear have stressed the landscape of mental health and work already ravaged by the destructive forces of stigma.Aim:This presentation will examine the other side of prosperity from the point of view of stress in the workplace as two global problems converge at this time in history, the escalation of neuro-psychiatric disorders and the increasing dependence on the mental faculties of the world's citizens.In this paper we also discuss how the international community can work together to help reduce the burden of mental disorders worldwide and sketch the implications for research and policy.Conclusions:Ultimately the media will need to be enlisted to educate the public on the value of investments in mental health.

scholarly journals „Cesta za svobodou“ v zrcadle mediální reality

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Renata Rusin Dybalska
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Comic Book ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Media Image ◽  
Current Events ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Reports

<p>The goal of this paper is to present the media image of campaign “Hello Czech Republic”, organized in the Czech Republic in 2016 by the Meta association. Its task was to adapt to the Czech conditions Swedish teaching materials on refugees, national identity, stereotypes or migration, which would help in the work of Czech teachers. They consisted of a manual for teachers with suggestions of thirteen lessons, film Šádí, presenting the story of a small Kurdish girl, and comic book Jednou se zase setkáme, Sanam. Příběh o cestě za svobodou, telling the story of Hamid, who was forced to escape from Afghanistan to Sweden. The comic book, which was presented in the article in more detail, became the main subject of media reports. However, the recipient is not able to find out about it too much because it has become only a pretext for presenting the content more favorable from the point of view of the media. Therefore, the main theme in most of the media information has become one of the tasks, telling of a fictional nuclear accident in the Czech Republic, which effectively raised a wave of criticism directed at the campaign, not only from the media, but also the most important politicians in the Czech Republic. Selective and distorted image, created by media, was thus subordinated to current events in the country and used in the political struggle.</p>

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