From Immaterial to Material

One hundred years after the foundation, the Bauhaus is well known as the epitome of modern design with countless books, articles and reviews illustrating a vivid discourse on how the Bauhaus influenced the design development since then. Greater parts of this discourse are dedicated to a rather material approach by pointing out the contradictions of Bauhaus design: the promise of creating prototypes for serial production on the one side and the actual products which are often handmade original art works, rather crafted in exquisite materials than designed for the masses. Walter Gropius’s original idea for his school thereby was about educating and inspiring modern individuals, teaching them how to work with their hands as well as their minds, how to reflect on the surrounding world, unifying hand crafting skills and artistic personality in times of the Machine Age. In the very special case of the correlation between design work as material product and the process of creating a design idea with all its psychological and personal implications must be differentiated. Especially the early spiritual and philosophical Bauhaus had set the base for a strong community, welded together by idealism, artistic spirit of creativity and strong faith in the sociocultural power of form and design.

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Mass Age In Agony

The Review of Politics ◽

10.1017/s0034670500000760 ◽

1941 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 83-99

Author(s):

Goetz A. Briefs

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Modern Society ◽

Social Philosophy ◽

Social Consequences ◽

New Order ◽

Alexis De Tocqueville ◽

Machine Age ◽

Child Bearing ◽

The One ◽

The Masses

The philosophy of the Enlightenment and the rise of capitalistic industrialism ushered in the age of the masses. The one represents a social philosophy which undermined the traditional relations between state and society, and in addition, the well-established forms of precapitalistic society; the other brought in the machine and large-scale enterprises both leading to the formation of masses in our modern society. A sort of a natural process seemed to be in operation here; suddenly, called forth by nobody and wanted by nobody, the masses appeared. They grew with breath-taking rapidity. No sooner did they make their appearance than the first danger signals were hoisted. Primarily they came from representatives of the declining order, protagonists of the ancient regime such as, to mention a few, de Maistre, Donoso Cortes, Alexis de Tocqueville. Adam Mueller and Gentz among the romanticists sounded the same warnings. Somewhat later they were joined by such diverse representatives of bourgeois humanism as Wilhelm Bensen, J. Burckhardt, Spengler, and Sombart. The new, masses are visualized here as the forces undermining all cultural and religious institutions and values. At last even the very beneficiaries themselves of the new order became concerned about the social consequences of the machine-age. Thomas R. Malthus and John Stuart Mill expressed this concern very strongly; however, they saw in the masses not so much a necessary concomitant of an individualisticmachine- age and of materialistic progress as the effect of an irrational behavior of the “poor” with regard to marriage and child-bearing.

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Sea Urchins and Circuses: The Modernist Natural Histories of Jean Painlevé and Alexander Calder

Modernist Cultures ◽

10.3366/mod.2018.0205 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 187-211

Author(s):

Patricia E. Chu

Keyword(s):

New Media ◽

Sea Urchins ◽

Life Sciences ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Machine Age ◽

Avant Garde ◽

History Of ◽

And Performance ◽

The One ◽

Natural Historian

The Paris avant-garde milieu from which both Cirque Calder/Calder's Circus and Painlevé’s early films emerged was a cultural intersection of art and the twentieth-century life sciences. In turning to the style of current scientific journals, the Paris surrealists can be understood as engaging the (life) sciences not simply as a provider of normative categories of materiality to be dismissed, but as a companion in apprehending the “reality” of a world beneath the surface just as real as the one visible to the naked eye. I will focus in this essay on two modernist practices in new media in the context of the history of the life sciences: Jean Painlevé’s (1902–1989) science films and Alexander Calder's (1898–1976) work in three-dimensional moving art and performance—the Circus. In analyzing Painlevé’s work, I discuss it as exemplary of a moment when life sciences and avant-garde technical methods and philosophies created each other rather than being classified as separate categories of epistemological work. In moving from Painlevé’s films to Alexander Calder's Circus, Painlevé’s cinematography remains at the forefront; I use his film of one of Calder's performances of the Circus, a collaboration the men had taken two decades to complete. Painlevé’s depiction allows us to see the elements of Calder's work that mark it as akin to Painlevé’s own interest in a modern experimental organicism as central to the so-called machine-age. Calder's work can be understood as similarly developing an avant-garde practice along the line between the bestiary of the natural historian and the bestiary of the modern life scientist.

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Congruence pairs of principal MS-algebras and perfect extensions

Mathematica Slovaca ◽

10.1515/ms-2017-0430 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 70 (6) ◽

pp. 1275-1288

Author(s):

Abd El-Mohsen Badawy ◽

Miroslav Haviar ◽

Miroslav Ploščica

Keyword(s):

Boolean Algebra ◽

Congruence Lattices ◽

Descriptive Solution ◽

The One ◽

Special Case ◽

Congruence Pair

AbstractThe notion of a congruence pair for principal MS-algebras, simpler than the one given by Beazer for K2-algebras [6], is introduced. It is proved that the congruences of the principal MS-algebras L correspond to the MS-congruence pairs on simpler substructures L°° and D(L) of L that were associated to L in [4].An analogy of a well-known Grätzer’s problem [11: Problem 57] formulated for distributive p-algebras, which asks for a characterization of the congruence lattices in terms of the congruence pairs, is presented here for the principal MS-algebras (Problem 1). Unlike a recent solution to such a problem for the principal p-algebras in [2], it is demonstrated here on the class of principal MS-algebras, that a possible solution to the problem, though not very descriptive, can be simple and elegant.As a step to a more descriptive solution of Problem 1, a special case is then considered when a principal MS-algebra L is a perfect extension of its greatest Stone subalgebra LS. It is shown that this is exactly when de Morgan subalgebra L°° of L is a perfect extension of the Boolean algebra B(L). Two examples illustrating when this special case happens and when it does not are presented.

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Shelah's work on non-semi-proper iterations, II

Journal of Symbolic Logic ◽

10.2307/2694981 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 66 (4) ◽

pp. 1865-1883 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Chaz Schlindwein

Keyword(s):

Closed Subset ◽

Stationary Subset ◽

Finite Support ◽

Countable Support ◽

Final Model ◽

Axiom A ◽

Mahlo Cardinal ◽

The One ◽

Image Position ◽

Special Case

One of the main goals in the theory of forcing iteration is to formulate preservation theorems for not collapsing ω1 which are as general as possible. This line leads from c.c.c. forcings using finite support iterations to Axiom A forcings and proper forcings using countable support iterations to semi-proper forcings using revised countable support iterations, and more recently, in work of Shelah, to yet more general classes of posets. In this paper we concentrate on a special case of the very general iteration theorem of Shelah from [5, chapter XV]. The class of posets handled by this theorem includes all semi-proper posets and also includes, among others, Namba forcing.In [5, chapter XV] Shelah shows that, roughly, revised countable support forcing iterations in which the constituent posets are either semi-proper or Namba forcing or P[W] (the forcing for collapsing a stationary co-stationary subset ofwith countable conditions) do not collapse ℵ1. The iteration must contain sufficiently many cardinal collapses, for example, Levy collapses. The most easily quotable combinatorial application is the consistency (relative to a Mahlo cardinal) of ZFC + CH fails + whenever A ∪ B = ω2 then one of A or B contains an uncountable sequentially closed subset. The iteration Shelah uses to construct this model is built using P[W] to “attack” potential counterexamples, Levy collapses to ensure that the cardinals collapsed by the various P[W]'s are sufficiently well separated, and Cohen forcings to ensure the failure of CH in the final model.In this paper we give details of the iteration theorem, but we do not address the combinatorial applications such as the one quoted above.These theorems from [5, chapter XV] are closely related to earlier work of Shelah [5, chapter XI], which dealt with iterated Namba and P[W] without allowing arbitrary semi-proper forcings to be included in the iteration. By allowing the inclusion of semi-proper forcings, [5, chapter XV] generalizes the conjunction of [5, Theorem XI.3.6] with [5, Conclusion XI.6.7].

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ON THE DENSITY OF HAUSDORFF DIMENSIONS OF BOUNDED TYPE CONTINUED FRACTION SETS: THE TEXAN CONJECTURE

Stochastics and Dynamics ◽

10.1142/s0219493704000900 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 04 (01) ◽

pp. 63-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

OLIVER JENKINSON

Keyword(s):

Hausdorff Dimension ◽

Finite Subset ◽

Continued Fraction ◽

Cantor Set ◽

Computational Method ◽

Accurate Approximation ◽

Natural Numbers ◽

Important Special Case ◽

The One ◽

Special Case

Given a non-empty finite subset A of the natural numbers, let EA denote the set of irrationals x∈[0,1] whose continued fraction digits lie in A. In general, EA is a Cantor set whose Hausdorff dimension dim (EA) is between 0 and 1. It is shown that the set [Formula: see text] intersects [0,1/2] densely. We then describe a method for accurately computing dimensions dim (EA), and employ it to investigate numerically the way in which [Formula: see text] intersects [1/2,1]. These computations tend to support the conjecture, first formulated independently by Hensley, and by Mauldin & Urbański, that [Formula: see text] is dense in [0,1]. In the important special case A={1,2}, we use our computational method to give an accurate approximation of dim (E{1,2}), improving on the one given in [18].

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Revisiting Generation and Meshing Properties of Beveloid Gears

Journal of Mechanical Design ◽

10.1115/1.4037345 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 139 (9) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Alessio Artoni ◽

Massimo Guiggiani

Keyword(s):

Tooth Surface ◽

Generation Process ◽

Spur Gears ◽

Helical Gears ◽

Additional Degree ◽

Beveloid Gears ◽

Fixed Space ◽

Fixed Axis ◽

The One ◽

Special Case

The teeth of ordinary spur and helical gears are generated by a (virtual) rack provided with planar generating surfaces. The resulting tooth surface shapes are a circle-involute cylinder in the case of spur gears, and a circle-involute helicoid for helical gears. Advantages associated with involute geometry are well known. Beveloid gears are often regarded as a generalization of involute cylindrical gears involving one additional degree-of-freedom, in that the midplane of their (virtual) generating rack is inclined with respect to the axis of the gear being generated. A peculiarity of their generation process is that the motion of the generating planar surface, seen from the fixed space, is a rectilinear translation (while the gear blank is rotated about a fixed axis); the component of such translation that is orthogonal to the generating plane is the one that ultimately dictates the shape of the generated, envelope surface. Starting from this basic fact, we set out to revisit this type of generation-by-envelope process and to profitably use it to explore peculiar design layouts, in particular for the case of motion transmission between skew axes (and intersecting axes as a special case). Analytical derivations demonstrate the possibility of involute helicoid profiles (beveloids) transmitting motion between skew axes through line contact and, perhaps more importantly, they lead to the derivation of designs featuring insensitivity of the transmission ratio to all misalignments within relatively large limits. The theoretical developments are confirmed by various numerical examples.

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The Cultural Populism of Iosif I. Kablits (Yuzov) and its Foundations

RUDN Journal of Russian History ◽

10.22363/2312-8674-2020-19-3-641-653 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 641-653

Author(s):

Gennadiy N. Mokshin

Keyword(s):

Social Life ◽

Cultural Work ◽

Right Wing ◽

Social Transformations ◽

Leading Role ◽

The People ◽

Long Time ◽

The One ◽

The Right ◽

The Masses

This article reconstructs the cultural doctrine of the famous publicist of populism (narodnichestvo), I.I. Kablits (Yuzov). To just equate Kablits views with the slogan of yuzovshchina would be a narrow interpretation of his kul'turnichestvo; the slogan is characteristic for extreme right-wing populism during the upsurge of the revolutionary populist movement (narodovol'cheskoe dvizhenie). In 1880, Kablits was the first of the legal populists to pose the question, What is populism? According to the publicist, true narodnichestvo should be based on the principle that the forms of public life of the people must be in conformity with the development level of their consciousness. The author explains Kablits evolution from Bakunism to a peasant-centered narodnichestvo by his interpretation of the reasons for the split between the intelligentsia and the people. Kablits considered them antagonists, and defined the ultimate goal of the narodniki as the liberation of the people from the power of the intellectualbureaucratic minority, the latter supposedly trying to subjugate the life of the masses to its will. The article analyzes the main provisions of Kablits sociocultural concept of social transformations: apolitism, populism, and the initiative of the masses. The article identifies the differences between his program of developing the cultural identity of the people, on the one hand, and other populists' understanding of the tasks of cultural work, on the other. Particular attention is paid to Kablits-Yuzov's attitude towards the problem of educating the masses. Kablits was one of the few Russian populists who opposed the idea that the foundations of the worldview of the people must be changed, arguing that this would eliminate the traditional moral values of the village, including the sense of collectivism. The author assesses how Kablits, the leading publicist of the newspaper Nedelya, contributed to the establishment of a cultural direction in narodnichestvo at the turn of the 1870s and 1880s. According to the author, Kablits played a leading role in shaping the ideology of the right flank of the cultural direction in narodnichestvo. However, the pure populism of Kablits turned out to be too pseudo-scientific, dogmatic and irrational to attract the democratic intelligentsia for a long time; the latter had already become disillusioned with the idea of the people as the creator of new forms of social life.

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Henry James's Capricciosa: Christina Light in Roderick Hudson and The Princess Casamassima

PMLA ◽

10.2307/460342 ◽

1960 ◽

Vol 75 (3) ◽

pp. 309-319 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. E. Grenander

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Revolutionary Movement ◽

Critical Attention ◽

The One ◽

The Right ◽

Short Essay ◽

Train Of Thought ◽

Special Case

In recent years, critical attention has focussed increasingly on The Princess Casamassima, Henry James's novel of the international revolutionary movement seething beneath the surface of society. The sad wisdom of the mid-twentieth century no longer finds incredible the plot earlier critics dismissed as footling melodrama; and with a recognition of its probability, students of James have undertaken a re-examination of the whole novel. Oddly enough, however, little attention has been paid to its reliance on Roderick Hudson, where the Princess Casamassima first appears. The one significant exception has been a short essay by Louise Bogan, though Christina's complexity and interest have attracted other writers. Yet Roderick Hudson deserves study for its own merits; and, as Miss Bogan has pointed out, the character of the Princess is difficult to interpret unless one also remembers her as Christina Light. It is not true, as Miss Bogan asserts (p. 472), that Christina is “the only figure [James] ever ‘revived’ and carried from one book to another,” for not only do Madame Grandoni and the Prince Casamassima share her transposition; the sculptor Gloriani, who makes his debut in Roderick Hudson, reappears in The Ambassadors. But it is true, as Cargill more accurately points out (p. 108), that “Christina is the only major [italics mine] character that James ever revived from an earlier work,” for he questioned the wisdom of indulging wholesale the writer's “revivalist impulse” to “go on with a character.” Hence Christina Light must have struck him as a very special case. He tells us that he felt, “toward the end of ‘Roderick,‘ that the Princess Casamassima had been launched, that, wound-up with the right silver key, she would go on a certain time by the motion communicated” (AN, p. 18). In the Preface to The Princess Casamassima he continues this train of thought: Christina Light, “extremely disponible” and knowing herself “striking, in the earlier connexion,… couldn't resign herself not to strike again” (AN, pp. 73, 74).

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On the Rates of Convergence of Chlodovsky–Durrmeyer Operators and their Bézier Variant

Georgian Mathematical Journal ◽

10.1515/gmj.2009.693 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 693-704

Author(s):

Harun Karsli ◽

Paulina Pych-Taberska

Keyword(s):

Analysis of the Exit Flow Angle and Characteristics of Flow in Axial Turbine Cascades

Volume 2C: Turbomachinery ◽

10.1115/gt2020-14605 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Narmin B. Hushmandi ◽

Per Askebjer ◽

Magnus Genrup

Keyword(s):

Dimensional Analysis ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Flow Coefficient ◽

Reference Plane ◽

Exit Angle ◽

Design Work ◽

Flow Angle ◽

Axial Turbine ◽

One Dimensional ◽

The One

Abstract Despite a wealth of sophisticated CFD-methods, most designs are still based on one-dimensional and two-dimensional inviscid analytical tools. In such methods, realistic loss and angle assessment are indeed critical in order to arrive at correct loading, flow coefficient and reaction. The selected values are normally retained through the detailed design sequence for each iteration. This means that the throat sizing and hence the gauge angle is largely based on the early design work within the through-flow environment. Even one-degree error in angle estimation will turn into a rather large capacity error. For most designs, the exchange rate between capacity and gauge angle is on the order of 3–5 percent, per degree exit angle. In a previous publication, a methodology and equations were presented to assess the exit flow in an axial turbine blade row by Mamaev in Russian nomenclature and the tangential coordinate system. The approach, provided a unified and flow-physics based method for assessing exit angles from the geometry features like gauge angle, uncovered turning and flow features like Laval number, etc. Analysis of those formulas showed good agreement with physical flow pattern in real cascades for sub and transonic blade cascades. In this work, the same basic principal procedure is followed by employing the more international agreed nomenclature of blades such as an axial reference plane and Mach number. In the current work, the one-dimensional analysis results were compared with the three dimensional numerical modelling of a full annulus two-stage turbine. Analysis of the results showed the inherent unsteadiness specially outside the rotor blade cascades, however, comparison of the mass averaged exit angle with the one dimensional analysis showed satisfactory agreement.

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