scholarly journals Including Shareholders to Your Private Practice in Oral Surgery and Dentistry: Ukrainian Laws

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 135-136
Author(s):  
Ivan Nagorniak
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Private Practice ◽  
Oral Surgery ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Commercial Real Estate ◽  
Limited Liability Company ◽  
Dental Clinic ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Easy Task ◽  
Two Stages

Dental clinic/office launch and development is non-easy task, which require not only a lot of efforts but also some level of the investments, especially for the commercial real estate and expensive equipment. And very often the amount of finances which one person or family is bringing to business may not be sufficient. Including of shareholders can help to reach that goal. Including the partners (ie, cofounders or shareholders) to your private clinic/ office in a legal form of Limited Liability Company (LLC) are possible upon two stages: (1) upon the business launch and (2) upon the business existence. The second variant is more complicated and has to be analyzed.

PARTNERS’ OF A LIMITED PARTNERSHIP LEGAL POSITION

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (31) ◽  
pp. 63-80
Author(s):  
Klaudia Grzebiela
Keyword(s):  
Limited Liability ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Legal Person ◽  
Limited Liability Company ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Limited Partnership ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
Legal Position ◽  
Limited Partnerships

The main purpose of this article is to present the role and position of partners in a limited partnership. The growing interest in choosing this organizational and legal form is due to its specificity. A limited partnership allows shaping the rights and obligations of the company’s partners, who are divided into two groups: general partners and limited partners. The reason for different legal nature of these entities who are relative to each other should be noticed. Furthermore their liability for the company’s liabilities is shaped differently, as well as the issue of running company’s affairs and its representation. Currently a common type of limited partnership called Limited Liability Limited Partnerships (LLLP), wherein Limited Liability Company as a legal person becomes the general partner. This legal solution is beneficial for its partners. In doctrine is considered as an atypical legal company.

scholarly journals Entrepreneurship of Cities through Business Companies in the Slovak Republic

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Maroš Valach ◽  
Peter Ágh
Keyword(s):  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Spatial Layout ◽  
Limited Liability Company ◽  
Asset Ownership ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Long Term Experience

Abstract Local self-governments in the Slovak Republic have many possibilities to do business to capitalize their assets and generate their own budget revenues. The purpose of the article was to identify and evaluate business companies through which local selfgovernments conduct business from different perspectives. We focused on businesses with asset ownership of municipalities with city status. When analyzing businesses, we have taken into account their size, spatial layout, legal form, subject of activity, and their economy. Slovak cities have a long-term experience with conducting business through business companies. Most of these are companies with 100% ownership of the cities, in terms of the legal form of a limited liability company. The research results confirm that the significant effect of government-run business is the increase in the value of assets.

scholarly journals Regulation of legal relationship between shareholders in closely held companies on the example of the Croatian limited liability company 

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-90
Author(s):  
Edita Čulinović-Herc ◽  
Sonja Marinac Rumora
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Limited Liability Company ◽  
Minority Shareholders ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Legal Relationship ◽  
Governance Challenges ◽  
Article Analysis ◽  
The Right ◽  
Majority Shareholder

<span>This article analysis regulation of legal relationship between shareholders in closely held company. Authors define “closely held companies” by functional approach, analyzing specific features which distinguish this type of companies from all other companies, regardless of their legal form. Available data suggests there are a significant number of these companies in Croatia and abroad. There are two basic corporate governance challenges in closely held company concerning the shareholders relations: potential abuse of its position by the majority shareholder, especially when majority shareholder acts as manager and the so-called “deadlock” when shareholders cannot reach agreement on any decision necessary for normal functioning of the company. Personal relations between the shareholders are in the core of these corporate governance issues. The Croatian private limited liability company is a model of closely held company in Croatia. Thus, this article analysis the withdrawal and exclusion of shareholders in Croatian court practice and its significance for solving the conflicts between shareholders in order to preserve the company. Authors advocate for more extensive use of the right to autonomously regulate the relationships between the shareholders in closely held companies. In that regard, authors suggest to use articles of association for more precise regulation of shareholders relationship, to set higher quorum when deciding important decisions in shareholders’ meeting which would empower the minority shareholders, to leave the important decisions on governing the company in the scope of the shareholders’ meeting and other. Also, authors consider that formation of supervisory body could contribute to achieve balance between the shareholders, especially between the majority and minority shareholders. Set of recommendations set in corporate governance codes could be of great use when drafting the articles of association. In that regard, authors call for de lege ferenda implementation of such a code, following the established practice on the comparative level</span>

scholarly journals The Limited Liability Company as a Universal Legal Form of Business

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 533-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarmila Pokorná ◽  
Eva Večerková
Keyword(s):  
Limited Liability ◽  
Limited Liability Company ◽  
Legal Form

scholarly journals Will the sup be an Effective Legal Form for smes as Well as for Subsidiaries within the European Union?

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-287
Author(s):  
Hylda Boschma ◽  
Hanny Schutte-Veenstra
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Limited Liability Company ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Member States ◽  
National Legislation ◽  
Legal Forms ◽  
Common Label

In 2014, the Commission published a proposal for a Directive that introduces a single- member private limited liability company, under a common label: Societas Unius Personae (sup), into the national legislation of the eu-Member States. In this publication it is examined what kind of legal forms of capital companies already exist in the eu-Member States and whether the sup is a welcome addition. The proposed legal form of the sup is analysed in order to answer the question whether the sup is an appropriate legal form for smes and subsidiaries. Furthermore attention is paid to issues which generally arise when the European legislator attempts to introduce a new legal enterprise-form, such as the sup. The authors conclude that there are no irreconcilable differences between the laws of the eu-Member States that might hinder the introduction of the sup. Also the European principles of subsidiarity and proportionality will not constitute an obstacle.

The Role of a Certified Public Accountant in Planning, Structuring, and Running a Private Practice

2017 ◽  
pp. 191-198
Author(s):  
Diane V. Libby
Keyword(s):  
Private Practice ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Certified Public Accountant ◽  
Limited Liability Company ◽  
Essential Resource ◽  
Public Accountant

Your certified public accountant (CPA) is an essential resource for running the business side of your practice. This chapter provides guidance in choosing a CPA for your private practice, noting the skills and the business characteristics you will want in your CPA. The role the CPA can take with setting up your practice is outlined, and the resources the CPA can add to an established practice are discussed. The types of entity structures available to your practice, such as a limited liability company (LLC) or a professional corporation, are reviewed in detail, with the tax implications of the different entity structures. Common practice expenses are discussed.

scholarly journals Influence of the organisational and legal changes in the Municipal Sports and Recreation Centre on effectiveness of the provided services

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-54
Author(s):  
Wojciech Sońta
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Limited Liability Company ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Research Hypothesis ◽  
Source Data ◽  
Is Evaluation ◽  
A Company

The author of the article makes the research hypothesis that the local governments should join the restructuration programs of the municipal companies with more engagement because there are too less changes which would allow more efficient, cheaper and more competitive their management. Privatization is one of the restructuration methods recommended by the local governments which already have executed it. These are the actions which many local governments needlessly refrain and postpone them in time being afraid of sizes and scale of the changes in a company after their implementation. The local communities lose on such proceeding as they are forced to use expensive low-quality services. The purpose of the article is evaluation whether the change of the organisational and legal form from the budget unit to the limited liability company is effective. There will be used analysis of literature studies and source data concerning the Municipal Sports and Recreation Centre limited liability company in Radom to solve the created research problem. Results of the conducted research were included in the summary in points from 1 to 9, which prove that the assumed research?s goal in the article?s introduction has been achieved. 

scholarly journals Limited liability company according to the new Act on commercial corporations

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 2685-2691
Author(s):  
Eva Daniela Růžičková
Keyword(s):  
Limited Liability ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Limited Liability Company ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Current Form ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Commercial Code ◽  
International Private Law

Act No. 90/2012 Coll., on commercial corporations, is one of the legal norms which arose in connection to the re-codification of the Private law. Along with the new Civil Code and Act on International private law, it brings about fundamental changes in the field of the regulation of commercial companies. It is an act which partially replaced the current Act No. 513/1991 Coll., Commercial Code. Its content predominantly consists of the regulation of commercial companies and cooperatives, while other relations regarding commercial relations will be covered by the new Civil code. The Chamber of Deputies approved the bill on 16th December and the Act should take effect on 1st January 2014.Since the new legislative norm brings as well many changes in the field of regulations of the limited liability company, which is currently the most used company form, the purpose of this article is to provide complete information about prepared changes in this field, while focusing on risks related to these changes for the limited liability company. According to a hypothesis determined by Pearson chi-quadrate, it should prove to the readers whether or not the changes in the field of the limited liability company will have, as a consequence, the transformation of the legal form used by persons conducting business based on the Trade Act. Further, it will be researched whether these changes will have an impact on the current form for business conduct.

scholarly journals Limited Liability Company in Slovakia: Current Problems Faced

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-194
Author(s):  
Mária Patakyová ◽  
Jana Duračinská
Keyword(s):  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Capital Requirements ◽  
Limited Liability Company ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Minority Protection ◽  
Management Responsibility ◽  
Statutory Body ◽  
Piercing The Corporate Veil ◽  
Medium Enterprises

This article is focused on the Limited Liability Company (LLC), the most popular form of company in Slovakia, as a legal form for small and medium enterprises. The article analyses selected topics that are important for comparison and for establishing a better understanding of the Slovak regulation; these are mainly capital requirements and capital protection, bans on the return of investment contributions, management responsibility, the responsibility of the single or majority member, and rules on minority protection. The article also describes the current problems regarding the LLC regulation in Slovakia (restrictions on the company formation, transfer of business shares, piercing the corporate veil, de facto statutory body/ director.

scholarly journals Adaptasi Pegadaian (Persero) dalam rangka Meningkatkan Efisiensi dan Efektivitas Pelayanan Kepada Masyarakat (Studi Kasus pada Pegadaian Cabanng Malang)

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Bisri
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
Limited Liability Company ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Company ◽  
Corporate Office ◽  
The Impact

Di dalam melaksanakan pembangunan dibidang ekonomi, Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN) diwajibkan mempunyai komitmen untuk mengangkat rakyat dari belenggu kemiskinan, oleh karena itu ada 3 (tiga) bentuk badan hukum perusahaan negara, yaitu: Perusahaan jawatan (Perjan), Perusahaan umum (Perum) dan Perseroan. Sejak pertama berdiri dan memberikan pelayanan, Pegadaian telah beberapa kali berubah status badan hukum, yaitu sebagai Perusahaan Negara (PN) sejak 1 Januari 1961, kemudian berdasarkan PP.No.7/1969 menjadi Perusahaan Jawatan (PERJAN). Selanjutnya berdasarkan PP. No.10/1990 (yang diperbaharui dengan PP.No.103/2000) berubah lagi menjadi Perusahaan Umum (PERUM). Kemudian berdasarkan PP No 51/ 2011 tanggal 13 Desember 2011 bentuk badan hukum Pegadaian berubah lagi menjadi Perusahaan Perseroan (Persero). Langkah perubahan status Perum Pegadaian menjadi Persero ini merupakan bagian dari upaya penataan atau restrukturisasi BUMN sebagaimana direncanakan dalam master plan BUMN tahun 2010-2014. Dengan status badan hukum berupa perusahaan perseroan tersebut pegadaian diharapkan akan lebih mampu mengelola usahanya yang lebih professional, mekanisme pasar yang tanpa meninggalkan ciri khasnya, yaitu: menyalurkan pinjaman atas dasar hukum gadai dengan sasaran masyarakat pinggiran secara status sosial dan ekonomi yang lemah akibat system perekonomian yang sangat liberalis, untuk itu Pegadaian harus meningkatkan efisiensi dan efektivitas pelayanan kepada masyarakat atau nasabah. Mengingat pelayanan dibidang jasa kredit ini sampai sekarang masih dipercaya oleh masyarakat kalangan menengah kebawah adalah Pegadaian, ditengah situasi perekonomian negara yang masih mengalami ketidakstabilan akibat situasi dan dampak dari pergolakan ekonomi globalKata Kunci: Pembangunan Ekonomi, Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN), Pelayanan Publik.  ABSTRACTIn implementing development in the economy, the State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) are required to have a commitment to lift the people from the shackles of poverty, therefore, there are three (3) legal form of state enterprises, namely: Corporate Office (PERJAN), Public Company (PERUM) and the Company (PERSEROAN). Since it was first established and provide services, pawnshop has several times changed the status of a legal entity, namely as a State Company (PN) since January 1, 1961, then based PP.No.7 / 1969 to the Corporate office (PERJAN). Furthermore, based on PP. No.10 / 1990 (updated to PP.No.103 / 2000) transformed again into a Public Company (PERUM). Then based on PP No. 51/2011 dated December 13, 2011 legal form Pawnshop changed again into a Limited Liability Company (PERSERO). A step change in status Pawnshop be Limited is part of the effort to reorganize or restructure the SOEs as planned in the master plan SOE 2010-2014. With legal status in the form of limited liability company is a pawnshop expected to be better able to manage their business more professional, market mechanism without leaving his trademark, namely: lending on the basis of the law of pledge to target rural communities in social and economic status were weak due to the system of economy very liberal, to the pawnshop must improve the efficiency and effectiveness of services to the public or customers. Given the ministry in the service of this credit is still trusted by the public medium is Pawnshop, amid the economic situation the country is still experiencing instability as a result of the situation and the impact of global economic upheavalKeyword: Economic Development, State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs), Public Service

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