scholarly journals Klein Nishina Differential Equation for the Selection of Radiation Shielding Material (C, AL, Fe, and Zn) on the Basis of Attenuation and Cross sectional Area

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Saddam Husain Dhobi ◽  
Santosh Kumar Das ◽  
Kishori Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equation ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Radiation Shielding ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Protective Material ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
Section Area ◽  
Aluminum Iron

On studying the Electronic and Atomic Cross sectional area for low atomic masses (Carbon, Aluminum, Iron and Zinc) using Klien-Nishina differential equation. The atomic cross section among these elements for same energy of incidence photon the atomic cross section area found on order of Carbon Aluminum Iron Zinc. This show with increasing atomic number and mass the cross section area of material goes increase. But the mass attenuation goes decrease with increasing in mass and number of materials made up of high atomic weight and number. This is clearly seen in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3. Therefore, among these elements protective material is made up of Carbon has more safety than other (Al, Fe, Zn).

scholarly journals Numerical simulation of cutting layer in internal corners milling

Mechanik ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 412-414
Author(s):  
Jan Burek ◽  
Rafał Flejszar ◽  
Barbara Jamuła
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
Section Area ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Stability

The analytical and numerical model of the cross-section of the machined layer in the process of milling of concave rounding is presented. Simulation tests were carried out to determine the cross-sectional area of the cutting layer. A strategy has been developed that allows to increase the stability of the cross-section area of the cutting layer when the mill enters the inner corner area.

scholarly journals Influence of the are of the channel's cross-section area on the critical speed of navigation

Tehnika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 629-635
Author(s):  
Ivan Škiljaica ◽  
Vladimir Škiljaica
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Critical Speed ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Channel Network ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
Section Area

Research presented in the paper refer to calculation of the influence of navigable channel's cross-section area, which belong to the Danube-Tisza-Danube (DTD) system, on critical speed of navigation of ships. During research relation between area of the channel's cross-section of certain sections of the channel on creating critical speed of navigation for one type of cargo ship of Serbian shipping companies which was designed for navigation on the channel network of the DTD system. It is known that the value of the first critical speed (vkr(1)), presents the base to determine the allowed speed of navigation (vpl) for the ship of known geometric and exploitation characteristic in the channel of known cross-sectional area (OK) with precisely defined dimensions.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Luas Penampang Wadah Terhadap Besarnya Reduksi Volume Sampah Organik Rumah Tangga Menggunakan Larva Lalat Bsf (Black Soldier Fly)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-108
Author(s):  
Bayu Chondro Purnomo ◽  
Nurjazuli Nurjazuli ◽  
Suhartono Suhartono
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Waste Reduction ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
Section Area ◽  
The Cross

This research is Quasi experimental with the Post Only Group Design method. This study uses the amount of maggot and organic waste with a ratio of 1: 2, with 1/2 kg of maggot against 1 kg of garbage, with a volume of 6000 cm3 containers and a variation of the cross sectional variation of 20x20 cm2 with a height of 15 cm, the cross section area of ​​30x20 cm2 with a height of 10 cm and 10 cm and the cross section area of 30x40 cm2 with a height of 5 cm. Based on the results of the research that has been made, the waste reduction by BSF larvae, the cross-sectional area of ​​20x20 cm was 516.7 gr, the cross-sectional area of ​​30x20 cm was 555.6 gr, while the cross-section area of ​​30x40 cm was 644.4 gr. The highest reduction is obtained from the cross-sectional area of ​​30x40 cm. Based on the results of the normality test it obtained the value of P-Value> α (0.05). This indicates that the data is distributed normally by looking at the variant difference test, obtained a value of p-value 0.049 (<α). Then it can be concluded that there is an influence between cross-sectional area and waste reduction by BSF larvae. The wider cross-section of the garbage container, the easier BSF larvae reduce organic waste.

scholarly journals Exact Longitudinal Vibration Characteristics of Rods with Variable Cross-Sections

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bulent Yardimoglu ◽  
Levent Aydin
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equation ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Longitudinal Vibration ◽  
Transformation Method ◽  
Variable Cross ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
Section Area ◽  
Sinusoidal Functions

Longitudinal natural vibration frequencies of rods (or bars) with variable cross-sections are obtained from the exact solutions of differential equation of motion based on transformation method. For the rods having cross-section variations as power of the sinusoidal functions ofax+b, the differential equation is reduced to associated Legendre equation by using the appropriate transformations. Frequency equations of rods with certain cross-section area variations are found from the general solution of this equation for different boundary conditions. The present solutions are benchmarked by the solutions available in the literature for the special case of present cross-sectional variations. Moreover, the effects of cross-sectional area variations of rods on natural characteristics are studied with numerical examples.

MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MATERIAL OF ADDITIVE STRUCTURES WITH DIFFERENT METHODS FOR DETERMINING THE CROSS-SECTION AREA OF SPECIMENS

2021 ◽  
pp. 74-89
Author(s):  
А. Ю. Перелыгина ◽  
Т. Я. Дружинина ◽  
С. А. Антипин ◽  
Ю. А. Бобылева
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
Section Area ◽  
Material Homogeneity ◽  
Printing Parameters ◽  
Central Tension

В статье рассматривается вопрос определения механических характеристик материала аддитивных структур с учетом таких параметров печати, как процент заполнения и направление нитей печати. В исследованиях использовались три типоразмера стандартизированных образцов на центральное растяжение, изготовленных с применением технологии 3D-печати. В ходе экспериментов было установлено, что при определении механических характеристик материала необходимо отходить от гипотезы однородности и сплошности материала, принятой в сопротивлении материалов. Для определения значений механических характеристик у образцов разных типоразмеров была предложена методика по расчету реальной площади поперечного сечения исследуемой структуры. В статье приведены диаграммы растяжения и рассчитанные по ним механические характеристики материала аддитивных структур, а также рассмотрен вопрос влияния отношения площади структуры к площади ограждения на механические характеристики материала. The article discusses the issue of determining the mechanical characteristics of the material of additive structures, taking into account such printing parameters as the percentage of filling and the direction of the printing filaments. The studies used three sizes of standardized specimens for central tension, made using 3D printing technology. During the experiments, it was found that when determining the mechanical characteristics of a material, it is necessary to deviate from the hypothesis of material homogeneity and continuity, adopted in the strength of materials. To determine the values of mechanical characteristics for samples of different sizes, a technique was proposed for calculating the real cross-sectional area of the structure under study. The article presents tensile diagrams and the mechanical characteristics of the material of additive structures calculated from them, as well as the issue of the influence of the ratio of the structure area to the perimeter area on the mechanical characteristics of the material.

scholarly journals Modified technique to increase nostril cross-sectional area after using rib and septal cartilage graft over alar nasal cartilages

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 713-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Wulkan ◽  
Alvaro Julio de Andrade Sá ◽  
Nivaldo Alonso
Keyword(s):  
Costal Cartilage ◽  
Septal Cartilage ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Cartilage Graft ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Modified Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nasal Cartilages ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
Section Area

PURPOSE: Describe a modified technique to increase nostril cross-sectional area using rib and septal cartilage graft over alar nasal cartilages. METHODS: A modified surgical technique was used to obtain, carve and insert cartilage grafts over alar nasal cartilages. This study used standardized pictures and measured 90 cadaveric nostril cross-sectional area using Autocad®; 30 were taken before any procedure and 60 were taken after grafts over lateral crura (30 using costal cartilage and 30 using septal cartilage). Statistical analysis were assessed using a model for repeated measures and ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) for the variable "area". RESULTS: There's statistical evidence that rib cartilage graft is more effective than septal cartilage graft. The mean area after the insertion of septal cartilage graft is smaller than the mean area under rib graft treatment (no confidence interval for mean difference contains the zero value and all P-values are below the significance level of 5%). CONCLUSIONS: The technique presented is applicable to increase nostril cross section area in cadavers. This modified technique revealed to enhance more nostril cross section area with costal cartilage graft over lateral crura rather than by septal graft.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENINGKATAN SUHU DAN BESARAN ARUS TERHADAP TAHANAN PENGHANTAR KABEL LISTRIK TEGANGAN RENDAH JENIS NYM

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Kiki Rosiana Dewi ◽  
Suyitno ◽  
Nur Hanifah Yuninda
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
Section Area ◽  
Chamber Temperature ◽  
Conductor Temperature ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this research is to know about influence of temperature increasing and current rate on the conductor resistance, the conductor temperature and the conductor power losses of the conductors of the cable brand A and brand B due to the effect of increasing temperature and current magnitude. Increasing the temperature and currents rate have a bigger influence on the increase of temperature conductor, the resistance conductor and conductor losses the electric cable brand B compared to the brand A. The electricity cable  brand B is a conductor that does not have standardization suitable for electrical installation. The conductor of brand A electrical cable is a cable conductor that has standardization and is suitable for use. At chamber temperature of 25 ℃ the test current 5 A the value of conductor resistance 2 x 1.5 mm2 of brand A increases by 11,90 mΩ while brand B increases by 23.32 mΩ. The maximum conductor resistance according to standardization is 12,10 mΩ for a cross section area of ​​1.5 mm2. Based on the test results, each increase in temperature and the currents rate have an influence for increasing value of the conductor temperature, the conductor resistance and conductor losses are bigger. The relationship between the conductor resistance and the cross-sectional area is that the smaller the cross-sectional area, the bigger the conductor resistance. ABSTRAK Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh peningkatan suhu dan besaran arus terhadap nilai tahanan penghantar, suhu penghantar dan rugi daya penghantar pada penghantar kabel listrik merk A dan merk B. Peningkatan suhu dan besaran arus mempunyai pengaruh yang lebih besar terhadap kenaikan suhu penghantar, tahanan penghantar dan rugi daya penghantar kabel listrik merk B dibandingkan dengan merk A. Penghantar kabel merk B merupakan penghantar yang tidak memiliki standarisasi layak pakai dalam instalasi listrik. Penghantar kabel listrik merk A merupakan penghantar kabel yang telah memiliki standarisasi dan layak pakai. Pada suhu chamber 25 arus pengujian 5 A nilai tahanan penghantar 2 x 1,5 mm2 merk A meningkat sebesar 11,90 mΩ sedangkan merk B meningkat sebesar 23,32 mΩ. Nilai tahanan penghantar maksimal sesuai dengan standarisasi adalah sebesar 12,10 mΩ untuk luas penampang 1,5 mm2. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, setiap peningkatan suhu dan besaran arus nilai memiliki pengaruh terhadap kenaikan nilai suhu penghantar, tahanan penghantar dan rugi daya penghantar semakin besar. Hubungan antara tahanan penghantar dengan luas penampang yaitu dengan semakin kecil luas penampang maka nilai tahanan penghantar semakin besar.

An Analytical Method of Analyzing the Heat Conduction for the Unequal Cross-Section Straight Fin

2013 ◽  
Vol 365-366 ◽  
pp. 1211-1216
Author(s):  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Peng Yun Song
Keyword(s):  
Heat Conduction ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
Section Area ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Analytical Expressions

The cross-section area of straight fin is often considered to be equal in the thermal analyses of straight fin, but sometimes it is unequalin actual situation. Taking a straight fin with two unequal cross-sectional areas as an example,an analytical method of heat conduction for unequal section straight fin is presented. The analytical expressions of temperature field and heat dissipating capacity about the fin,which has a smaller cross-section area near the fin base and a larger one, is obtained respectively. The calculation results of the unequal cross-section are fully consistent with the equal area one, so the method is proved right. The results show that the larger the cross section areanear the base,the better is the heat transfer, and the temperature at the base with larger cross-section area is lower than that with smaller cross-section area when the amount of heat is fixed.

scholarly journals Load bearing capacity of thin-walled rectangular and I-shaped steel sections of short both empty and concrete-filled columns

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (58) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
Amor Bouaricha ◽  
Naoual Handel ◽  
Aziza Boutouta ◽  
Sarah Djouimaa
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Short Columns ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
Section Area ◽  
Specimen Height ◽  
Steel Sections ◽  
Thin Walled

In this experimental work, strength results obtained on short columns subjected to concentric loads are presented. The specimens used in the tests have made of cold-rolled, thin-walled steel. Twenty short columns of the same cross-section area and wall thickness have been tested as follows: 8 empty and 12 filled with ordinary concrete. In the aim to determine the column section geometry with the highest resistance, three different types of cross-sections have been compared: rectangular, I-shaped unreinforced and, reinforced with 100 mm spaced transversal links. The parameters studied are the specimen height and the cross-sectional steel geometry. The registered experimental results have been compared to the ultimate loads intended by Eurocode 3 for empty columns and by Eurocode 4 for compound columns. These results showed that a concrete-filled composite column had improved strength compared to the empty case. Among the three cross-section types, it has been found that I-section reinforced is the most resistant than the other two sections. Moreover, the load capacity and mode of failure have been influenced by the height of the column. Also, it had noted that the experimental strengths of the tested columns don’t agree well with the EC3 and EC4 results.

Modelling the Acoustical and Airflow Performance of Simple Lined Ventilation Apertures

2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
D J Oldham ◽  
Jian Kang ◽  
M W Brocklesby
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
High Aspect Ratio ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ventilation Performance ◽  
Acoustic Treatment

The pressure differences that can be used to drive a natural ventilation system are very small and thus large apertures are required to allow sufficient air to enter and leave a building to ensure good air quality or thermal comfort. Large apertures are potential acoustic weak points on a façade and may require some form of acoustic treatment such as absorbent linings, in which case the ventilator is similar to a short section of lined duct. In ducts, the performance of absorbent linings increases with the length of lining and the ratio of the length of lined perimeter to the cross sectional area of the duct. Thus, for a duct of a given cross sectional area, a lining is more effective for a duct with a high aspect ratio than for a duct with a square cross section. However, the high aspect ratio cross section will result in greater flow resistance and impede the airflow performance. In this paper numerical methods are employed to investigate the effect of different configurations of a lined aperture on the acoustical and ventilation performance of the aperture in order to establish the optimum configurations.

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