scholarly journals Peculiarities of morphogenesis of orbit and organ of vision structures in human fetuses

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1(97)) ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
A. Tsyhykalo ◽  
N. Kozariichuk ◽  
K. Yakovets ◽  
H. Kulynych
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lateral Wall ◽  
Human Fetuses ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Facial Skeleton ◽  
Intrauterine Development ◽  
Fetal Period ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Human Ontogenesis

The aim of this work is to elucidate the features of morphogenesis, syntopic and morphometric changes in the structures of the orbit, neurovascular and muscular structures of the organ of vision in the fetal period of human ontogenesis.Material and methods. By means of complex of methods of morphological research (anthropometry, morphometry, microscopy, preparation, three-dimensional computer reconstruction and statistical analysis), 30 specimens of human fetuses of both sexes aged from 4 to 10 months of intrauterine development (IUD) (160.0-460.0 mm parietal-coccygeal length (PCL)) were studied. Computer tomography was used to study 17 human fetuses aged from 4 to 9 months of IUD (180.0-440.0 mm PCL).Results. At the end of the 5th month of IUD, an orbital index is 75%, which is noted in the transformation of the shape of orbit from flattened to rounded due to an increase in its vertical size relative to the horizontal one. We associate this transformation of the orbit with syntopic influence of adjacent regions: the growth of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity, development of the paranasal sinuses, and facial skeleton. At the end of the 5th week of intrauterine development, external eyeball muscles are finally differentiated from the common muscle rudiment. The analysis of changes in morphometric parameters of muscles of the eyeball made it possible to derive mathematical functions, that describe normal dynamics of growth of their length, as well as to reveal critical periods of their development in terms of the rate of changes in their thickness and width.Conclusions1. The development of the organ of vision in the fetal period of human ontogenesis is a complex process due to the coordinated interaction between morphological and morphometric changes in the orbit, eyeball and its muscles, nerves and vessels.2. Critical periods of development of the orbit and its structures is the 6th month of intrauterine development, during which there is an uneven growth rate of the size of the muscles of the eyeball, as well as the size of the orbit.3. At the 6th month of intrauterine development, uneven growth rates of the horizontal size of the orbit relative to the vertical one are observed, as a result of which its shape begins to return to the mesoconchal type characteristic of such prefetuses. Such age-related transformations of shape and size of the orbit are due to the growth of the eyeball, skull and face, which generally determines the shape of the orbit.4. Starting from the 8th month of fetal period of development, structure and topography of the structures of the orbit acquire signs of a definitive condition, the shape of the orbit is finally established, and uniform growth rates of all structures of the organ of vision are observed, except for the growth of the circumference of the orbit at the end of prenatal period of human ontogenesis.

scholarly journals PEQULIARITIES OF MORPHOGENESYS AND TOPOGRAPHY OF INFRAHYOID TRIANGLES IN HUMAN PREFETUSES AND FETUSES

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-106
Author(s):  
Olexandr V. Tsyhykalo ◽  
Iryna S. Popova ◽  
Olga Ya. Skrynchuk ◽  
Tetiana D. Dutka-Svarychevska ◽  
Larysa Ya. Fedoniuk
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Human Fetuses ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Intrauterine Development ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Common Precursor ◽  
Human Ontogenesis ◽  
Developmental Features ◽  
Omohyoid Muscle

The aim: To investigate morphology and developmental features of anatomical structures in the infrahyoid triangles of human neck during prefetal and fetal periods of human ontogenesis. Materials and methods: We have studied 30 specimens of human prefetuses from 7th till 12th week (16,0-82,0 mm of parieto-coccygeal length (PCL)) and 30 human fetuses aged from 4th till 10th month (84,0-360,0 mm PCL) of intrauterine development by the means of macro-, microscopy, morphometry, three-dimensional remodeling and statistical analyses. Results: We can observe anterior triangle in human fetuses after the time when common precursor muscular mass splits into two: the anterior and posterior portions which will give rise to the sternocleidomastoid and trapezoid muscles accordingly. The area index of the central triangle in human fetuses 4th – 10th month of intrauterine development shows the increasing tendency with the highest rates at 8th–10th months period – 1100-1200 mm2. The angulated course of omohyoid muscle is visible at late prefetal and early fetal periods (3-4th month; 80,0-130,0 PCL) as well as the presence of intermediate tendon. Peaks of the area of sternocleidomastoid region area evaluation was observed in 190,0-210,0 mm PCL and 260,0-270,0 mm PCL human fetuses; 6th and 7,5th months accordingly. Conclusions: The critical periods for the AT and SCM regions should be considered 6th and 8th months of the IUD. Prefetal period shows the presence of AT and border structure for the IH neck – precursor of HB. Fetal period of IUD (4th – 10th months of IUD) should be considered as such that represents an adult-alike morphology of IH neck: presence of IH triangles with fully developed vascular, muscular and fascial content.

scholarly journals FETAL ANATOMY OF PARATHYROID GLANDS

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesia Ya. Lopushniak ◽  
Тatiana V. Khmara ◽  
Оleh М. Boichuk ◽  
Mariana A. Ryznychuk ◽  
Leonid V. Shvyhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Parathyroid Glands ◽  
Brachiocephalic Vein ◽  
Human Fetuses ◽  
Crown Rump Length ◽  
Fetal Period ◽  
External Structure ◽  
Human Ontogenesis ◽  
The Right

The aim: To study the forms of anatomical variability of the external structure of the upper and lower parathyroid glands in the fetal period of human ontogenesis. Materials and methods: The study involved 48 specimens of human fetuses with 81,0-375,0 mm of crown-rump length (CRL). The study was conducted by means of macromicroscopic preparation, morphometry and variation statistics method. Results: The age and individual anatomical variability, complex way of development and formation of synotopic embryotropographic correlations of the upper and lower parathyroid glands in the prenatal period of human ontogenesis create numerous prerequisites for the emergence of variants of their external structure and topography in the fetuses of both different and the same age groups. Conclusions: There is a significant anatomical variability of the upper and lower parathyroid glands in 4-10-month-old fetuses, which is manifested by varieties of their shape and topical location. Aplasia of the upper parathyroid glands, which was found in two human fetuses aged 7 months, was due to the fetures of their organogenesis and the formation of syntopy in the embryonic and prefetal periods of their development. Parathyroid glands are mainly supplied with blood by the branches of the inferior thyroid artery. The branches of the upper thyroid artery and the arteries of adjacent organs: larynx, trachea and esophagus are involved in the blood supply. The right and left inferior thyroid veins are tributaries of the corresponding brachiocephalic vein, paired (right and left) superior and middle thyroid veins are those for the internal jugular vein.

Three-Dimensional Analysis of Maxillary and Mandibular Growth Increments

2004 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Lux ◽  
Christian Conradt ◽  
Donald Burden ◽  
Gerda Komposch
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Linear Measurement ◽  
Facial Skeleton ◽  
Vertical Growth ◽  
Face Height ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
Facial Height ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Dentofacial Development

Objective To analyze changes in the facial, maxillary, and mandibular skeleton in the vertical, sagittal, and transverse dimensions during an orthodontically relevant period of dentofacial development (i.e., between 7 and 15 years of age). Subjects and Method This longitudinal study comprised posteroanterior (PA) and lateral cephalograms at 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15 years of 18 untreated Class I subjects with good occlusion. Transverse growth (width) was analyzed on the basis of PA cephalograms and sagittal (depth) and vertical (height) growth by means of lateral cephalograms. For each linear measurement, mean percentage increases were calculated relative to the size at 7 years of age. Results and Conclusions Between 7 and 15 years of age, in the whole facial skeleton and the maxilla, percentage increases were most pronounced in the vertical dimension when compared with the sagittal and transverse dimensions. In the mandible, the largest percentage increases were found in both sexes for vertical growth of the ramus, followed by sagittal growth (body length) and then mandibular width. In the sagittal dimension, development was more pronounced in the mandible (at pogonion more than at B point) than in the maxilla (A point). With respect to vertical growth, percentage increases in posterior face height exceeded the increases in anterior face height. When facial shape changes were analyzed between 7 and 15 years of age in both sexes, the ratio facial height/facial width increased and the ratio facial depth/ facial height decreased, which points toward an age-related increasing influence of vertical development.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENTAL PECULIARITIES OF TOPOGRAPHIC MORPHOLOGY OF CERVICAL FASCIA AND CELLULAR SPACES IN ANTERIOR AND LATERAL CERVICAL REGIONS IN HUMAN FETUSES

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-156
Author(s):  
L. Ya. Lopushniak ◽  
T. V. Khmara ◽  
O. F. Marchuk ◽  
O. M. Boichuk ◽  
L. М. Gerasym ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Investigation ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Human Fetuses ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Fetal Period ◽  
Human Ontogenesis ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Morphological Research

In-depth study of the peculiarities of the morphological, topographic and anatomical relationships between fascia, muscles, vessels, nerves, cellular spaces and organs of other parts of the human body requires applying an appropriate methodology of morphological research. According to some researchers, the superficial, pretracheal, and prevertebral plates of the cervical fascia develop depending on the origin and morphogenesis of the respective groups of neck muscles. Obtaining data on the development of topographic morphology of the cervical fascia and interfascial cellular spaces of the anterior and lateral areas of the neck during the fetal period of human ontogenesis is an important area of fetal anatomy and surgery and can be used for age comparison. The purpose of the study was to clarify the peculiarities of the development of the topographic morphology in the cervical fascia and interfascial cellular spaces of the anterior and lateral areas of the neck in human fetuses of 4-10 months of gestation. The study was performed on 75 human fetuses of 81.0-375.0 mm parietal coccygeal length without external signs of anatomical abnormalities or developmental anomalies of the cervical region by preparing microscopic slides of organs and structures of the anterior and lateral areas of the neck. The samples taken from fetuses weighing more than 500.0 g were investigated directly at the Chernivtsi Regional Paediatric Pathological Bureau according to the association agreement. The material was also taken from the M.G. Turkevich Museum of the Human Anatomy Department, Bukovinian State Medical University. The macroscopic and microscopic investigation of the cervical region in human fetuses of 4-7 months revealed thin, semitranslucent plates of the cervical fascia: superficial, middle (pretracheal) and deep (prevertebral). In fetuses of 8-10 months in the anterior area of the neck, the plates of the cervical fascia were clearly seen and shiny. Subcutaneous, or superficial, and intracervical fascias were fascias propria of the neck, and having no clear boundaries passed into adjacent areas. In the fetal period of human ontogenesis the interfascial cellular spaces of the anterior and lateral areas of the neck develop including suprapectoral, anterovisceral, extravisceral, antescalenous, interscalenous cellular spaces and sheath of vascular-nervous bundles of the neck. During the fetal period of human ontogenesis, there is a pronounced variation in the development and location of the plates of the cervical fascia. The authors of this study state that the research and result publication have no conflicts regarding commercial or financial relations, relations with organizations and/or individuals who may have been related to the study.

scholarly journals Method of Anterior Femoral Region Preparation for Establishing the Fetal Anatomical Variability of Vasculonervous Formations

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
T. V. Khmara ◽  
◽  
P. V. Hryhorieva ◽  
M. Yu. Leka ◽  
A. I. Popovych
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Fetal Surgery ◽  
Human Fetuses ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Femoral Ring ◽  
Human Ontogenesis ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Variant Anatomy

Determining of projection-syntopic relationships of vasculonervous structures within the femoral ring, femoral triangle, and obturator and adductor canal in human fetuses is particularly important in fetal surgery, and requires the use of an appropriate set of methods of morphological examination. Obtaining data on the topographic and anatomical features of nerves, superficial and deep blood vessels of the anterior femoral region during the fetal period of human ontogenesis is a topical urgent task of fetal anatomy. The purpose of the study was to determine the method of the most rational sequence of actions during the preparation of the vasculonervous structures of the anterior femoral region in human fetuses to obtain standard results suitable for comparison in the age aspect. Material and methods. The study was performed on 80 human fetuses 81.0-375.0 mm parietal-coccygeal length using macromicroscopic preparation. After the selected sequence of preparation of nerves and vessels of the anterior femoral region in human fetuses 4-10 months we used additional methods such as vascular injection, surface staining of dissected vessels and nerves and morphometry to determine the forms of their age and individual anatomical variability. Results and discussion. The chosen sequence of preparation of nerves and vessels of the anterior femoral region in human fetuses allowed determining the forms of their age and individual anatomical variability. In particular, features of intramuscular branching of nerves and arteries in the muscles of the anterior and medial femoral groups, anatomical variability of the femoral artery and its branches, variant anatomy of the great saphenous vein, characterized by variability in shape, topography and bilateral asymmetry of its tributaries and formation of anastomoses were found in human fetuses. The identified connections and complexes of the femur cutaneous nerves, as well as areas of overlap and displacement are compensatory mechanisms in the peripheral nervous system and are observed not only between ontogenetically related nerves, but also nerves of different segmental affiliation. Conclusion. The proposed and tested method of preparation of vasculonervous structures of the anterior femoral region in human fetuses provides a standard for obtaining data on their typical and variant anatomy. The sequence of actions used during the preparation of the vasculonervous formations of the anterior femoral region of the human fetus preserves the natural appearance and relationships between the structures of the object of study. Age-related and individual fetal anatomical variability of vasculonervous formations of the anterior femoral region was discovered during the gradual preparation of the lumbar plexus branches, superficial and deep veins of the lower extremities, superficial and deep inguinal lymph nodes, and femoral artery branches

scholarly journals Morphometric Characteristics of the Thigh Bone in Human Fetuses

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
P. V. Hryhorieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Human Fetuses ◽  
Left Femur ◽  
Fetal Period ◽  
Human Ontogenesis ◽  
The Right

Defining quantitative growth parameters of individual skeletal bones, namely the right and left femurs, is practically important for determining the age of the fetus. Lack of data on changes in the length of the femur in 4-10 months’ fetuses, as well as the dependence of its morphometric parameters on the length of the lower limb and the age of the fetus, prompted us to conduct this study. The purpose of the study was to determine the morphometric parameters of the length of the right and left femurs during the fetal period of human ontogenesis, which could form the base of normal indicators. Materials and methods. Morphometric study was performed on the lower extremities specimens of 40 human fetuses of an 81.0-375.0 mm parietal-coccygeal length. Results and discussion. As a result of the study, the dynamics of changes in the length of the right and left femurs and lower extremities in 4-10 months’ human fetuses was established. Direct correlations were found in the studied fetal groups, and only in 5-month-old fetuses a direct medium-strength reliable correlation between the lengths of the right and left femurs was found. A weak correlation between the length of the left lower limb and the length of the left femur was found in 7-month-old fetuses. In other cases, direct significant strong correlations were found between the analyzed indicators. The results obtained regarding the change in the length of the right and left femurs, as well as the Pearson correlation coefficient between the morphometric parameters of the length of the right and left femurs and the length of the lower extremities and parietal-coccygeal length of human fetuses 4-10 months are important both theoretically and practically for fetal anatomy. Conclusion. During the fetal period of human ontogenesis, where there is a relatively uniform increase in the length of the right and left femurs, no significant differences in their length were detected. Between the 4th and the 10th month of fetal development, the length of the right femur increases by 5.59 times (from 13.18 ± 2.56 mm to 73.66 ± 2.19 mm), and the length of the left femur increases by 5.44 times: from 13.54 ± 2.35 mm to 73.73 ± 2.12 mm, respectively. In the fetal period the right and left lower extremities also grow equally, no significant differences in their length have been established

scholarly journals СHARACTERISTICS OF THE UTERUS IN THE FETAL PERIOD: TOPOGRAPHIC AND MORPHOMETRIC PARALLELS

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 112-117
Author(s):  
D. V. Proniaiev ◽  
R. Ye. Bulyk ◽  
O. P. Kuchuk
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Average Force ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Human Ontogenesis ◽  
Uterine Fundus

Scientific literature covers separate data concerning development of the internal female reproductive organs and their age-related and individual anatomical peculiarities during the fetal and early neonatal period of human ontogenesis. The objective of the study is to find chronological succession of development and formation of topographic-anatomical interrelations of the uterus during the perinatal period of human ontogenesis. To achieve the purpose the following methods of morphological examination were used: macroscopic, common and thin section, microscopic, vessel injections, making topographic-anatomical sections, radiological, computed tomography, three-dimensional computed reconstruction, morphometric and statistical. The experimental material (fetal specimens) was divided into two groups: І group – 35 specimens of fetuses deceased during 2017-2019; ІІ group – 105 specimens of fetuses collected during 1995-2000. Physiological disappearance of the channel on the uterus is evidenced by the determined reliable reverse correlations of an average force (r = -0,34) between the width of the uterine fundus which parameters range from 6,0±0,21 mm to 6,4±1,60 mm, and parietal-calcaneal length (PCL) of the fetus. The periods of an intensive enlargement of the uterine morphometric parameters are determined: 4-5 months and 8-10 months. They are characterized by an accelerated enlargement of the uterine fundus width. Thickness of the uterine fundus is found to enlarge most intensively since the 9th month. The width of the uterine fundus in fetuses from II group, 7 months of gestation is reliably longer than that in 4 and 6-month fetuses from the same group (р˂0,05-0,001). This parameter is smaller than that of the 9 and 10-month fetuses (р˂0,05-0,001). It does not differ from the similar one in 8 and 5-month fetuses (р˃0,05). The width of the uterine fundus in 8-month fetuses from II group is reliably similar to that of 5 and 7-month fetuses from the same group (р˃0,05). This parameter is reliably larger than the width of the uterine fundus of 4 and 6-month fetuses (р˂0,001) and reliable smaller than that in 9 and 10-month fetuses (р˂0,05-0,001).

Aging alters patterns of regional nonuniformity in LV strain relaxation: a 3-D MR tissue tagging study

2003 ◽  
Vol 285 (2) ◽  
pp. H621-H630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carissa G. Fonseca ◽  
Helen C. Oxenham ◽  
Brett R. Cowan ◽  
Christopher J. Occleshaw ◽  
Alistair A. Young
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Strain ◽  
Circumferential Strain ◽  
Strain Relaxation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lateral Wall ◽  
Peak Rate ◽  
Tissue Tagging ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Tissue Relaxation

Although age-related impairment of diastolic function is well documented, patterns of regional tissue relaxation impairment with age have not been characterized. MRI tissue tagging with a regional three-dimensional (3-D) analysis was performed in 15 younger (age 19–26 yr) and 16 older (age 60–74 yr) normal, healthy volunteers. The peak rate of relaxation of circumferential strain (RC) was decreased in the older group (on average, 105 ± 28 vs. 163 ± 18 %/s for older vs. younger, mean ± SD, P < 0.001) to a greater extent in the lateral wall than in the septum ( P = 0.016) and to a greater extent in the apex than in the base ( P < 0.001). Peak rate of relaxation of longitudinal strain (RL) was also reduced with age (94 ± 27 vs. 155 ± 18 %/s, P < 0.001) to a greater extent in the apex than in the base ( P < 0.001). Both RC and RL were greater in the apex than in the base only in the younger subjects ( P < 0.001 for each). Peak rate of torsion reversal (RT) was reduced with age (74 ± 16 vs. 91 ± 15 degrees/s, P = 0.006) to a greater extent in the base than in the apex ( P = 0.035). An increase in regional asynchrony in time to RC and time to RL ( P < 0.001 for each), but not time to RT, occurred with age. Thus patterns of regional nonuniformity of myocardial relaxation are altered in a consistent fashion with aging.

scholarly journals MODERN INFORMATION ON THE PANCREATIC STRUCTURES FORMATION IN THE EARLY STAGES OF HUMAN ONTOGENESIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-123
Author(s):  
O. Slobodіan ◽  
N. Hrymailo ◽  
A. Zavolovych ◽  
M. Vatcyk
Keyword(s):  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Developmental Abnormalities ◽  
Fetal Period ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Human Ontogenesis ◽  
Modern Information ◽  
Anatomical Research

The expansion of human anatomical research at all stages of embryonic development is extremely necessary, as many children and adults diseases are etiologically associated with the fetal period. The study of the laws of bookmarking, development and formation of topographic and anatomical relationships of the pancreas with adjacent organs in the early stages of human development is of great interest and has not only theoretical but also practical significance. Analyzing the literature on the morphology of the pancreas at different stages of the perinatal period of ontogenesis, as well as information about developmental abnormalities, despite the presence of a relatively large number of works, the authors' opinions differ and need further consideration for clarification. Stages and critical periods of formation of the pancreas should be considered as a reflection of a new approach to understanding the ontogenetic features of development.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document