Impact of Socio-economic Factors in Reducing Malnutrition among Children: A comparative study of India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka

Objective: To assess the impact of economic and gender factors on malnutrition among children below 5 years age by making a comparative study between India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka Design and setting: The study uses data and information on economic and gender status parameters taken from the secondary sources for three South Asian Countries between the years 2000 to 2018. The study uses ANOVA, Post Hoc test and Fixed Effects Panel Regression analysis to arrive at the conclusions. Results: Comparative analysis between the three countries shows that the extent of malnutrition among children is lowest in Sri Lanka and highest in India. The study finds that economic factors such as domestic government’s expenditure of healthcare as percentage of total health expenditure and gender factors measured in terms of female labour force participation, and school enrolment of girls at secondary level significantly impact the level of malnutrition among children. Conclusion: Malnutrition among children is a complex challenge which cannot be solved by emphasizing on only economic growth. Policies emphasising on gender parity and empowerment integrated in healthcare policies will positively impact nutritional level of children.

Download Full-text

The Evolution of Sinhala Marriage Alliances: A Study of Panama; Sri Lanka

Vidyodaya Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences ◽

10.31357/fhss/vjhss.v06i01.06 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 06 (01) ◽

pp. 71-82

Author(s):

M. R. Gunarathne ◽

K. M. S. Samarasekara

Keyword(s):

Sri Lanka ◽

Land Tenure ◽

Mate Selection ◽

Participant Observation ◽

Labour Force ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Ethnographic Study ◽

Secondary Sources ◽

Socioeconomic System ◽

The Impact

Sri Lankan marriage alliances have manifested a considerable interdependency with the socioeconomic system from the early stages through its history. While sociocultural change is an inherent phenomenon of the evolutionary history of mankind, the traditional Sinhalese marriage system has adapted to the changing socioeconomic forces over the centuries. This study intends to investigate the impact of the current socioeconomic system on modern marriage alliances in Sri Lanka. An analytical ethnographic study was used to execute the research in Panama, drawing upon the study of Nur Yalman, the extraneous anthropologist in 1967. Fifty households were randomly sampled, and a structured interview schedule was employed as the key method of data collection, using non-participant observation and genealogical methods as the subsidiary methods. Both primary and secondary sources were referred to through a mix method in data analysis where both quantitative and qualitative data were used. The findings of the study reveal that, with the passage of time, Sinhalese marriage has undergone a tremendous change in the size of household, age at marriage, process of mate selection, education which leads to labour force, land tenure, caste and the kinship network in Sri Lanka. The research concludes by disclosing that, though the sanctity of Sinhalese marriage is generally affected by socioeconomic change, the shadow of traditional form of marriage alliances can be found in rural Sri Lanka.

Download Full-text

Financial Inclusion and Labour Market Participation of Women in Selected Countries in Africa

Economics and Culture ◽

10.2478/jec-2021-0002 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 15-31

Author(s):

Folorunsho M. Ajide

Keyword(s):

Fixed Effects ◽

Labour Force ◽

Labour Force Participation ◽

Financial Inclusion ◽

Least Square ◽

Female Labour Force Participation ◽

African Countries ◽

Female Labour ◽

Economic Participation ◽

The Impact

Abstract Research purpose: This study investigates the impact of financial inclusion on female labour force participation in Africa. It also complements the existing studies by evaluating how advancement in information and communication technology (ICT) and Trade openness (TO) modulate the relationship between financial inclusion and female economic participation in selected African countries. Design/methodology/approach: The study focuses on twelve African countries while the empirical evidence is based on Fixed Effects, Random Effects and Generalised Least Square estimators (GLS). Data over the period of 2005-2016 are sourced from the World Bank Development database and IMF international Financial Statistics. Findings: The results show that financial inclusion has a non-monotonic relationship with female labour force participation. The study establishes that if the level of financial inclusion can be increased to the range of 33-57 per cent, it would improve the level of women participation in economic activities. The results further show that ICT moderates the nexus between financial inclusion and female economic participation at a threshold level of 38.17 per cent. These findings persist when the TO is used as the moderating factor at a threshold value of 80.90 per cent. The results are robust enough to suggest an alternative proxy for female labour force participation and alternative estimation techniques. Originality/value/practical implications: Ending gender inequality has become one of the priorities in the global development policies in which most African nations domesticate the same for their national planning. There are voices at every corner in Africa demanding the possibility of achieving gender equality in employment, among others. This article is one of the few articles that evaluate whether financial inclusion can be used to accelerate female economic participation in Africa.

Download Full-text

Families' Employment and Childcare Arrangements

Labour Employment and Work in New Zealand ◽

10.26686/lew.v0i0.921 ◽

1970 ◽

Author(s):

Valerie Podmore

Keyword(s):

Parental Leave ◽

Labour Force ◽

Labour Force Participation ◽

Full Time ◽

Paid Work ◽

Care Services ◽

Education And Care ◽

Part Time ◽

And Gender ◽

The Impact

This study investigated parents' experiences and their views on labour force participation, child care arrangements, and parental leave policies. Participants were 60 families with five-year-old children, selected randomly from 14 schools in the greater Wellington region. This paper focuses on parents' employment experiences, with some reference to parental leave. Many mothers had participated in part-time paid work, and the percentage in full-time paid work increased to 19% by the year the children were four to five years of age. Each year from the child's birth up until school entry, over a third of the fathers were working 50 hours or more per week. A high incidence of participation in the early childhood education and care services was evident. There was a relatively low uptake of parental leave among mother and fathers who were in the paid workforce the year the children were born. Some of the main themes addressed in this paper are: diversity and change, the need for flexibility in workplaces, the impact of long hours of paid work on families, financial constraints, and gender roles.

Download Full-text

Modelling the cost of ill health in Health&WealthMOD (Version II): lost labour force participation, income and taxation, and the impact of disease prevention

10.34196/ijm.00058 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 32-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Deborah Schofield ◽

Rupendra Shrestha ◽

Emily Callander ◽

Richard Pervical ◽

Simon Kelly ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Prevention ◽

Labour Force ◽

Labour Force Participation ◽

The Cost ◽

The Impact

Download Full-text

From Micro to Macro: Exploring Preference-Based Person Centered Care from Multiple Perspectives

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3062 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 836-836

Author(s):

Katherine Abbott ◽

Kristine Williams

Keyword(s):

Nursing Home ◽

Assisted Living ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Nursing Home Residents ◽

Direct Care ◽

Multiple Perspectives ◽

Person Centered Care ◽

Fixed Effects Panel Regression ◽

Centered Care ◽

The Impact

Abstract Advancing our knowledge related to honoring nursing home resident preferences is a cornerstone of person-centered care (PCC). While there are multiple approaches to providing PCC, we focus on resident preferences as assessed via the Preferences for Everyday Living Inventory (PELI). The PELI is an evidenced-based, validated instrument that can be used to enhance the delivery of PCC. In this symposium, we explore the perspectives of a variety of stakeholders including nursing home residents, staff, and the impact of preference-based care on provider level regulatory outcomes. First, we present a comparative study of preference importance among n=317 African America and White nursing home residents that found more similarities than differences between the two groups. Second, a content analysis of the responses from n=196 interviews with nursing home residents details the barriers and facilitators connected to their levels of satisfaction with their preferences being fulfilled. Third, perspectives from n=27 direct care workers explore the concept of pervasive risk avoidance to the delivery of PCC. Fourth, systems-level practices, such as shift assignments and provider schedules are identified as barriers to successfully fulfilling resident preferences from the perspectives of n=19 staff within assisted living. Our final presentation utilizes a fixed-effects panel regression analysis with n=551 Ohio nursing home providers to explore the impact of PELI use on regulatory outcomes such as substantiated complaints and deficiency scores reported in the CMS Nursing Home Compare data. Discussant Dr. Kristi Williams will integrate findings, highlighting implications for policy, practice, and future directions. Research in Quality of Care Interest Group Sponsored Symposium.

Download Full-text

A Study on Ownership Structure and Financial Performance of Listed Beverage Food and Tobacco Companies in Sri Lanka

International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting ◽

10.5296/ijafr.v7i2.11518 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 36

Author(s):

Saseela Balagobei ◽

Thirunavukkarasu Velnampy

Keyword(s):

Sri Lanka ◽

Financial Performance ◽

Ownership Structure ◽

Relevant Literature ◽

Foreign Ownership ◽

Study Data ◽

Secondary Sources ◽

Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽

Corporate Governance Mechanisms ◽

The Impact

The relevant literature suggests that ownership structure is one of the main corporate governance mechanisms influencing the scope of financial performance. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between ownership structure and financial performance of listed beverage food and tobacco companies for the period of 2010-2015. This study also examines the impact of ownership structure on financial performance. The sample consists of 10 listed beverage food and tobacco companies in Sri Lanka. In this study, data was collected from secondary sources and hypotheses are examined by using Pearson’s correlation and regression analysis. The results reveal that ownership concentration and foreign ownership structure are positively correlated with financial performance of listed beverage food and tobacco companies while institutional ownership structure isn’t significantly correlated with financial performance. It is also found that there is a significant impact of foreign ownership structure on financial performance. Higher the foreign ownership structure in listed beverage food and tobacco companies, the higher the financial performance which is preferable for the shareholders and it improves the wealth of companies.

Download Full-text

South Africa’s increasing climate variability and its effect on food production

Outlook on Agriculture ◽

10.1177/00307270211004970 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 003072702110049

Author(s):

Mashudu Tshikovhi ◽

Roscoe Bertrum van Wyk

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Climate Variability ◽

Food Production ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Mean Annual Temperature ◽

Fixed Effects Panel Regression ◽

The Impact

This study examines the impact of increasing climate variability on food production in South Africa, focusing on maize and wheat yields. A two-way fixed effects panel regression model was used to assess the climate variability impacts, analysing secondary data for the period 2000 to 2019 for nine provinces in South Africa. The study found that increasing climate variability has a negative impact on maize and wheat production in South Africa. Specifically, the results indicated a negative correlation between mean annual temperature with both maize and wheat yields. A decrease in precipitation affected maize yields negatively, while the impact on wheat yields was positive, although insignificant. This analysis, therefore, depicted that crop yields generally increase with more annual precipitation and decrease with higher temperatures. The study recommends that funding initiatives to educate farmers on increasing climate variability and its effects on farming activities in South Africa should be prioritised.

Download Full-text

VOCATIONAL TRAINING AND EDUCATION IN NORTH-EAST INDIA: ACCESS AND LABOUR MARKET OUTCOMES

10.31124/advance.13370234.v2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anupam Sarkar

Keyword(s):

Gender Gap ◽

Manufacturing Sector ◽

Labour Force ◽

Labour Force Participation ◽

Work Conditions ◽

Vocational Education And Training ◽

North East India ◽

North East ◽

The Government ◽

The Impact

India’s north-east region, comprising of eight States is one of the less industrialised and economically backward areas of the country. Lack of skilled manpower has been identified as one of the major reasons for the underdevelopment of the manufacturing sector. Recently, the government of India has embarked on an ambitious target of improving the skill base of the country through expansion of the vocational education and training (VET) programmes. In this context, the paper examines the access to VET among the working-age population and the impact on employment and earnings using the Annual Report of the Periodic Labour Force Survey 2017-18. The paper argues that despite the recent initiatives on massive skilling of the country's youth a very little section of NE has accessed formal VET. Moreover, although it has some impact on raising labour force participation, there is no evidence that formal VET courses are effective enough to increase earnings, bridge the gender gap in wages, or the improving work conditions of the VET holders.

Download Full-text