scholarly journals Synthesis and characterization of epoxy resin coating with improved fire resistance by the addition of modified tannic acid

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreja Živković ◽  
◽  
Nataša Tomić ◽  
Marija Vuksanović ◽  
Aleksandar Marinković
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Renewable Raw Materials ◽  
Epoxy Material ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Derivatives Of

The paper presents a new process for obtaining eco-epoxide materials with reduced combustibility or completely non-combustible, which are synthesized from bio-renewable raw materials, whose production process consists of two stages. A particular aspect of multiple environmental significance is the use of bio-renewable resources and the reduction of the share of the toxic epoxy component in the production of epoxy materials. The first stage considers the synthesis epoxy resin components: epoxy functionalized tannic acid (TA) – ETA, and synthesis of phosphate derivatives of TA - glycidyl ester of TA modified by phosphoric acid (PGET). The second stage considers the synthesis of bio-epoxy resins using ETA and PGET that are used as a replacement of the epoxy resin component (A) – bisphenol A based epoxy in a ratio 25-100% as a reactive diluent to obtain products that can be used in the construction and other industrial fields and have reduced combustibility or completely non-combustible. The second part presents the results of thermal and mechanical tests for some of the obtained derivatives. The addition of 25% of TA derivate improved the toughness as well as the tensile strength of epoxy material. Thermogravimetry showed that samples containing tannin epoxide showed more residue left. Partial or full replacement of the epoxy component with a tannin component produces eco-friendly material with while significantly increased fire resistance (V-2 to V-0).

Synthesis and Characterization of Liquefied Corn Barn-Based Epoxy Resins

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 116-119
Author(s):  
Wen Ming Zhang ◽  
Yu Cang Zhang ◽  
De Feng Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Epoxy Resins ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Good Thermal Stability ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Biomass Materials ◽  
Adhesive Shear Strength

The liquefied corn barn-based epoxy resin (LCBER) was synthesised through the glycidyl etherification reaction from liquefied corn barn (LCB) had having groups of bound phenol and epichlorohydrine under alkali conditions. The average molecular weights of LCBER in various reaction conditions were examined. The extreme high molecular weight portion of LCBER-30 was obtained using LCB at 30 min as raw materials. The epoxy functionality of LCBER was controlled by the amount of bound phenol in LCB. LCBER was cured with polyamide-650 (PA-650) and the thermal and mechanical properties were evaluated. Comparing to the petroleum-based bisphenol-A type epoxy resin (DGEBA), LCBER presented higher adhesive shear strength and good thermal stability. These suggested that LCBER would be more suitable to glue biomass materials.

scholarly journals Epoxidized Methyl Esters and Triglycerides of Vegetable Oils Unsaturated Fatty Acids as New Reagents for the Preparation of Emulsifiers Based on Glycerol and Its Oligomers

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khidmet Shikhaliev ◽  
Nadezhda Stolpovskaya ◽  
Michael Krysin ◽  
Anna Zorina ◽  
Denis Lyapun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Renewable Raw Materials ◽  
Fatty Acid Derivatives ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Complex Structural ◽  
Derivatives Of

Oligo- and polyesters of polyglycerol and polyricinoleic acid are widely used as emulsifiers in various industries. Based on the condensation of glycerol and its oligomers with epoxidized derivatives of vegetable oils, new promising emulsifiers for oil-water systems were obtained. Complex structural and functional spectral analysis of synthesized substances showed that the main reactions leading to the formation of the desired products were the opening of epoxide cycles, the transesterification of esters and the condensation of fatty acid derivatives. The new combination of renewable raw materials is of undoubted interest for deeper vegetable oils chemical processing.

Preparation and Mechanical Characterization of a Polymer-Matrix Composite Reinforced with PET

2010 ◽  
Vol 1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Elena Salazar–Nieto ◽  
Alejandro Altamirano–Torres ◽  
Francisco Sandoval–Pérez ◽  
Enrique Rocha–Rangel
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Polymer Matrix Composites ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Polymeric Matrix ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Curing Time ◽  
Flexure Strength

AbstractIn this study, polymer-matrix composites are fabricated by mixing liquid epoxy resin with 0, 15, 20 and 25 wt % of PET. PET is used as a reinforcement material since it can be recycled and this implies a beneficial environmental impact. After mixing, specimens are dried at room temperature during 24 h and then cured at 150°C during 0.5, 0.75 and 1 h. Then mechanical tests are performed. Experimental results obtained from the flexion test for 100 % epoxy resin and 15 % PET samples, without curing treatment show values of 30 and 21 MPa, respectively. Flexure strength values for the same samples but after curing treatment are: 56, 90, 32 MPa and 69, 64, 70 MPa, for 0.5, 0.75 and 1 h of treatment, respectively. These data show an important increase in the flexure strength for the sample reinforced with 15 % PET and curing time of 1h. This is most likely due to the behavior of PET's powders at this temperature and time. They can partially melt improving the adhesion to the polymeric matrix. For a curing time of 0.75h, this property decreases, due to the high porosity developed in the composite and the poor adhesion between polymeric matrix and reinforced material.

scholarly journals Characterization in expected working environments of recyclable fire-resistant materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 349 ◽  
pp. 01009
Author(s):  
Giulia De Aloysio ◽  
Mattia Morganti ◽  
Luca Laghi ◽  
Matteo Scafè ◽  
Enrico Leoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Accelerated Ageing ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Thermal Insulating ◽  
Working Environments ◽  
Fibre Metal ◽  
Thermophysical Characterization ◽  
Resistance Tests

This study focuses on the development of multi-material solutions for fire-resistant structural materials for transport and thermal insulation in the construction field. Special attention was paid to combining recyclable and bio-mass derived raw materials without interfering with an easy end-of-life separation, recycling and reuse. Fire-resistant biomass derived resins were associated with basalt derived Mineral Fibres (BDMF) in the form of prepregs, which were studied as semi-finished materials. Fire-resistance was obtained by associating these prepregs with thin gres tiles in the case of fire-resistant thermal insulating facades and with aluminum layers (giving origin to Fibre Metal Laminates-FML) in the case of structural components for transport applications. Thermophysical characterization of the solutions was carried out to assess both thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity. Fire resistance tests were performed on FML to determine the number of Al layers needed to ensure fire resistance. Results suggest that fire resistance depends primarily on the number of Al layers, rather than on their thickness. Accelerated ageing tests (salty mist and freeze-thaw) were executed to predict durability in the expected working conditions. Results suggest a durability issue in FML with preceramic interface in salty environments.

scholarly journals Investigation on pyrolysis of some organic raw materials

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (43) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Purevsuren B ◽  
Davaajav Ya ◽  
Batbileg S ◽  
Ariunaa A ◽  
Namkhainorov J ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Gaseous Products ◽  
Animal Bone ◽  
Waste Milk ◽  
Heavy Fractions ◽  
Milk Casein ◽  
First Time

We have been working on pyrolysis of some organic raw materials including different rank coals, oil shale, wood waste, animal bone, cedar shell, polypropylene waste, milk casein and characterization of obtained hard residue, tar and pyrolytic water and gas after pyrolysis. The technical characteristics of these organic raw materials have been determined and the thermal stability characteristics such as thermal stability indices (T5% and T25%) determined by using thermogravimetric analysis. The pyrolysis experiments were performed at different heating temperatures and the yields of hard residue, tar, pyrolysis water and gaseous products were determined and discussed. The main technical characteristics of hard residue of organic raw materials after pyrolysis have been determined and the adsorption ability of pyrolysis hard residue and its activated carbon of organic raw materials also determined. The pyrolysis tars of organic raw materials were distilled in air condition and determined the yields of obtained light, middle and heavy fractions and bitumen like residue with different boiling temperature. This is the first time to investigate the curing ability of pyrolysis tars of organic raw materials for epoxy resin and the results of these experiments showed that only tar of milk casein has the highest (95.0%), tar of animal bone has certain (18.70%) and tars of all other organic raw materials have no curing ability for epoxy resin.

Scanning Electron Micrsocopy of Various Natural Textile Fibers

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (S2) ◽  
pp. 834-835
Author(s):  
Gisela Buschle-Diller
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Plant Fibers ◽  
Renewable Raw Materials ◽  
Synthetic Fibers ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Processing Steps ◽  
Microscopic Techniques ◽  
Scanning Electron

Plant fibers such as cotton, hemp and flax have been cultivated for textile purposes for thousands of years. These natural fibers play an important role in daily life as apparel fibers since they provide unique comfort properties unsurpassed by synthetic fibers. However, their use is not limited to the apparel sector. In recent years the market share of consumer textiles and industrial products made from all kinds of natural fibers has tremendously increased as they present a valuable source of renewable raw materials. Investigating their surface features by microscopic techniques is important to control the performance of the desired end-product. Processing steps involving heat, light or exposure to chemicals might have a significant impact on the specific surface properties of a fiber whether or not this was originally intended. Scanning electron microscopy is therefore a very useful tool for the characterization of textile products to determine the effectiveness and eventual resulting damage from physical or chemical treatments.

Characterization of Cellulosic Fibres Properties for their Using in Composites

2015 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 146-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viola Hospodarova ◽  
Eva Singovszka ◽  
Nadežda Števulová
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Strength Parameters ◽  
Cellulose Fibres ◽  
Renewable Raw Materials ◽  
Material Recycling ◽  
Recycled Fibres ◽  
Cellulosic Fibres

Nowadays, the material recycling is growing trend in development of building materials and therefore using of secondary raw materials for production of new building materials. Transition from application non-renewable sources of raw materials to renewable raw materials in terms of sustainable composite is required. Renewable raw materials include organic sources of raw materials coming from natural plant fibres. This material is used to contribute environmental protection and to save non-renewable resources of raw materials. Wood fibres and cellulose fibres made from waste paper were selected for reinforcing cement-based materials. Application of cellulosic fibres into composites depends on their properties. Therefore, this paper is aimed to study of morphology and properties of cellulosic fibres. The comparison of strength parameters of 28 days hardened composites with 5% adding bleached wood and unbleached recycled fibres with those of reference composite without fibres showed that the values of compressive strength of fibrous cement based specimens were lower by 17 to 29 %.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF BIO-BASED CHAIN EXTENDER ON THE POLYURETHANE PROPERTIES

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladan Mićić ◽  
Milojko Jokić ◽  
Milovan Jotanović ◽  
Ivan Ristić ◽  
Suzana Cakić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chain Extender ◽  
Hexamethylene Diisocyanate ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Polyurethane Elastomers ◽  
Renewable Raw Materials ◽  
Stage Process ◽  
Poly Propylene

The development of polymers obtained from renewable raw materials is important because it is known that the fossil sources will be depleted in the future. Due to this fact, the possibilities for the synthesis of polyurethanes based on renewable resources increases. This work analyzes the properties of polyurethane materials obtained from the renewable resources. Polyurethane elastomers were prepared by a two stage process in solution, which involved the synthesis of the pre-polymer and synthesis of the polyurethane elastomer. As a polyol component, poly (propylene glycol) was used. Isophorone-diisocyanate and hexamethylene diisocyanate were employed as isocyanate components. For some samples, petrochemically obtained chain extender, butanediol, was replaced by biobased product isosorbide. Characterization of polyurethane materials was carried out by infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transformation, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The properties of synthesized polyurethane materials were improved by adding the nanoparticles in various proportions.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Epoxy Resins-Modified Waterborne Polyurethane Emulsion

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Chenhan Zhuang ◽  
Weilan Xue ◽  
Zuoxiang Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Waterborne Polyurethane ◽  
Polyurethane Film ◽  
Modification Method ◽  
Suitable Amount ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Better Than

Aqueous polyurethane emulsion was prepared with diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), polybutylene adipate diol (PBA-1000) as main raw materials and 2, 2-dihydroxymethyl propionic acid (DMPA) as hydrophilic chain extender. On this basis, epoxy resin E-44 was introduced to modify the polyurethane prepolymer, and epoxy resin modified waterborne polyurethane emulsion was obtained. In order to obtain better performance waterborne polyurethane, the effect of DMPA content、the amount of epoxy resin added and modification method on the properties of polyurethane was discussed. The results show that when the DMPA content is 4wt%, the overall performance of the emulsion and the film is the best. And the addition of epoxy resin significantly improves the water resistance, solvent resistance and tensile strength of the waterborne polyurethane film, and its hardness and thermal stability are also improved to a certain extent. When the amount of epoxy resin added is 8wt%, the storage stability decreases significantly, the suitable amount of epoxy resin added is 6wt%. The overall performance of the film obtained by chemical modification is better than that of physical modification.

scholarly journals Preparation and Characterization of Continuous Fe-Containing Silicon Carbide Radar Absorbing Fibers from Precursor-Based Processing

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
Zhiyan Chen ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Xiaodong Li ◽  
Hao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Carbide ◽  
Structural Material ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽  
Ceramic Fibers ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Melt Spun ◽  
Amorphous Sic

A new polymer polyferrocarbosilane (PFCS) was synthesized using polydimethylsilane and ferrocene as the raw materials. The polymer was then melt-spun into continuous PFCS fibers, cured in air and heat-treated in a nitrogen atmosphere up to 1300􀀁, a kind of Fe-containing SiC fibers were finally obtained. The SiC(Fe) ceramic fibers were combined with epoxy resin and a structural material was prepared showing excellent radar absorbing properties. HRTEM, XRD and XPS were used to characterize the SiC(Fe) fibers. The results show that the fibers are composed of β-SiC, amorphous SiCxO4-x, free carbon and small amount of Fe3Si-like microcrystals. A carbon-enriched layer of about 120nm was formed on the surface of the fibers.

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