TOPICAL ISSUES OF INFECTIOUS RESPIRATORY PATHOLOGY IN CHILDREN

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
A.V. Gorelov ◽  
◽  
S.V. Nikolaeva ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Pediatric Pathology ◽  
Parainfluenza Viruses ◽  
Serious Infection ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Respiratory Pathology ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are still topical, holding the first place in the structure of infectious pediatric pathology. The most common causative agents of ARI are viruses. Currently, about 200 respiratory viruses are known, among which the most significant are influenza and parainfluenza viruses, rhinoviruses, respiratory syncytial virus, adenoviruses. Relatively recently, previously unknown serotypes of coronaviruses (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, NL63 and HKU), bocaviruses and metapneumovirus were described, and at the end of 2019 a new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 was discovered, which causes COVID-19 infection. Pneumotropic bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, etc. contributed to the incidence of respiratory infections. Pertussis remains a serious infection for young children, which in recent years, despite the typical clinical picture, presents certain difficulties for diagnosis. The ability of ARI to provoke the development of secondary bacterial complications (bronchitis, bronchiolitis and pneumonia) often dictates the unjustified prescription of antibiotic therapy, which has led in recent years to an increase in antibiotic resistance. Thus, the relevance of ARI at the present stage is not in doubt, and the above problems dictate the need for an individual approach to each patient.

scholarly journals Additional Diagnostic Yield of Adding Serology to PCR in Diagnosing Viral Acute Respiratory Infections in Kenyan Patients 5 Years of Age and Older

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Feikin ◽  
M. Kariuki Njenga ◽  
Godfrey Bigogo ◽  
Barrack Aura ◽  
Stella Gikunju ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Paired Sample ◽  
Parainfluenza Viruses ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Etiologic Diagnosis

ABSTRACTThe role of serology in the setting of PCR-based diagnosis of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) is unclear. We found that acute- and convalescent-phase paired-sample serologic testing increased the diagnostic yield of naso/oropharyngeal swabs for influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus, adenovirus, and parainfluenza viruses beyond PCR by 0.4% to 10.7%. Although still limited for clinical use, serology, along with PCR, can maximize etiologic diagnosis in epidemiologic studies.

scholarly journals Approaches to Antiviral Chemotherapy for Acute Respiratory Infections

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiro Shigeta
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Severity Of Illness ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Antiviral Chemotherapy

The causative agents of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in infants and children are mostly thought to be viruses. Some ARI in adult patients may be caused by bacteria but most often the causes are virus infections. When ARI affect immunocompromised patients or the elderly the mortality rates are significantly higher than in immunocompetent individuals. Many types of viruses cause ARI. Among them, influenza viruses A and B and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are thought to be the most important because of the severity of illness after infection and their high communicability in the human population. Recently, several novel antiviral drugs against ARI have been developed and some are proceeding in clinical trials. This review covers current investigations into antiviral compounds targeted at several points in the virus life-cycle. This includes PM-523, which broadly inhibits ortho- and paramyxoviruses, two neuraminidase inhibitors for influenza virus, neutralizing antibody to RSV and chimeric soluble ICAM-1–IgA molecules targeted against rhinoviruses.

Survey of WU and KI polyomaviruses, coronaviruses, respiratory syncytial virus and parechovirus in children under 5 years of age in Tehran, Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahimeh Sadat Aghamirmohammadali ◽  
Kaveh Sadeghi ◽  
Nazanin Zahra Shafiei-Jandaghi ◽  
Zahra Khoban ◽  
Talat Mokhtari-Azad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Virus Detection ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Viral Pathogen ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections

Background and Objectives: Severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) remain an important cause for childhood morbid- ity worldwide. We designed a research with the objective of finding the frequency of respiratory viruses, particularly WU and KI polyomaviruses (WUPyV & KIPyV), human coronaviruses (HCoVs), human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) and human parechovirus (HPeV) in hospitalized children who were influenza negative. Materials and Methods: Throat swabs were collected from children younger than 5 years who have been hospitalized for SARI and screened for WUPyV, KIPyV, HCoVs, HRSV and HPeV using Real time PCR. Results: A viral pathogen was identified in 23 (11.16%) of 206 hospitalized children with SARI. The rate of virus detection was considerably greater in infants <12 months (78.2%) than in older children (21.8%). The most frequently detected vi- ruses were HCoVs with 7.76% of positive cases followed by KIPyV (2%) and WUPyV (1.5%). No HPeV and HRSV were detected in this study. Conclusion: This research shown respiratory viruses as causes of childhood acute respiratory infections, while as most of mentioned viruses usually causes mild respiratory diseases, their frequency might be higher in outpatient children. Mean- while as HRSV is really sensitive to inactivation due to environmental situations and its genome maybe degraded, then for future studies, we need to use fresh samples for HRSV detection. These findings addressed a need for more studies on viral respiratory tract infections to help public health.

scholarly journals Viral Etiology of Acute Respiratory Infections in Pediatric Patients in Lebanon

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e2019059
Author(s):  
Khaldoun Masoud ◽  
Ghassan Matar ◽  
Ghassan Dbaibo ◽  
Geoarge F Araj ◽  
Hasan Zaraket ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Coxsackie Virus ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Viral Etiology ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Parainfluenza Viruses

 Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are the leading cause of death worldwide especially among children. The majority of these infections in children are of viral etiology. In this study, we evaluated the incidence of viral ARI among children in Lebanon. Methods: Children presenting with symptoms of ARI were prospectively recruited between September 2009 to February 2012. Nasopharyngeal aspirates were obtained from patients and screened for 11 respiratory viruses using a multiplex Luminex-based PCR assay. Results: Two hundred twenty-one patients were recruited with a median age of 1 year (IQR: 0 - 5). Out of 221 patients, 116 (52.5%) were positive for at least one virus, the majority (103/116; 88.8%) of which were in children under 6-year of age. Overall 188 viruses were detected. Rhinovirus (RhV) was the most common virus detected in 81 (69.8%) patients followed by coxsackie virus and echovirus (CVEV) which were detected as one target in the panel in 45 (38.8%), and parainfluenza viruses (PIV types: 1, 2, 3, 4) in 24 (20.7%) patients. Coinfection with more than one virus was detected in 49 (42.9%) patients. RhV and CVEV were the most common viruses associated with co-infections and higher risk of rhinorrhea. Conclusion: Viral pathogens account for at least half of the ARIs in Lebanon, with a high frequency of co-infections being detected.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Genetic Characteristics of Human Bocaviruses Detected in Patients with Acute Respiratory Infections in Bulgaria

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Neli Korsun ◽  
Svetla Angelova ◽  
Ivelina Trifonova ◽  
Silvia Voleva ◽  
Iliana Grigorova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Vp2 Gene ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Нuman bocaviruses (hBoVs) are often associated with acute respiratory infections (ARIs). Information on the distribution and molecular epidemiology of hBoVs in Bulgaria is currently limited. The objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence and genetic characteristics of hBoVs detected in patients with ARIs in Bulgaria. From October 2016 to September 2019, nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs were prospectively collected from 1842 patients of all ages and tested for 12 common respiratory viruses using a real-time RT-PCR. Phylogenetic and amino acid analyses of the hBoV VP1/VP2 gene/protein were performed. HBoV was identified in 98 (5.3%) patients and was the 6th most prevalent virus after respiratory-syncytial virus (20.4%), influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 (11.1%), A(H3N2) (10.5%), rhinoviruses (9.9%), and adenoviruses (6.8%). Coinfections with other respiratory viruses were detected in 51% of the hBoV-positive patients. Significant differences in the prevalence of hBoVs were found during the different study periods and in patients of different age groups. The detection rate of hBoV was the highest in patients aged 0–4 years (6.9%). In this age group, hBoV was the only identified virus in 9.7%, 5.8%, and 1.1% of the children diagnosed with laryngotracheitis, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia, respectively. Among patients aged ≥5 years, hBoV was detected as a single agent in 2.2% of cases of pneumonia. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all Bulgarian hBoV strains belonged to the hBoV1 genotype. A few amino acid substitutions were identified compared to the St1 prototype strain. This first study amongst an all-age population in Bulgaria showed a significant rate of hBoV detection in some serious respiratory illnesses in early childhood, year-to-year changes in the hBoV prevalence, and low genetic variability in the circulating strains.

scholarly journals Other Respiratory Viruses Are Important Contributors to Adult Respiratory Hospitalizations and Mortality Even During Peak Weeks of the Influenza Season

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodica Gilca ◽  
Rachid Amini ◽  
Monique Douville-Fradet ◽  
Hugues Charest ◽  
Josée Dubuque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Influenza Season ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Parainfluenza Viruses ◽  
Laboratory Confirmation ◽  
Syncytial Virus

Background.  During peak weeks of seasonal influenza epidemics, severe respiratory infections without laboratory confirmation are typically attributed to influenza. Methods.  In this prospective study, specimens and demographic and clinical data were collected from adults admitted with respiratory symptoms to 4 hospitals during the 8–10 peak weeks of 2 influenza seasons. Specimens were systematically tested for influenza and 13 other respiratory viruses (ORVs) by using the Luminex RVP FAST assay. Results.  At least 1 respiratory virus was ide.jpegied in 46% (21% influenza, 25% noninfluenza; 2% coinfection) of the 286 enrolled patients in 2011–2012 and in 62% (46% influenza, 16% noninfluenza; 3% coinfection) of the 396 enrolled patients in 2012–2013. Among patients aged ≥75 years, twice as many ORVs (32%) as influenza viruses (14%) were detected in 2011–2012. During both seasons, the most frequently detected ORVs were enteroviruses/rhinoviruses (7%), respiratory syncytial virus (6%), human metapneumovirus (5%), coronaviruses (4%), and parainfluenza viruses (2%). Disease severity was similar for influenza and ORVs during both seasons. Conclusions.  Although ORV contribution relative to influenza varies by age and season, during the peak weeks of certain influenza seasons, ORVs may be a more frequent cause of elderly hospitalization than influenza.

scholarly journals Respiratory Viruses Associated With Acute Wheezing in Hospitalized Young Children in Jordan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olajumoke O Fadugba ◽  
Zaid Haddadin ◽  
Sylvie Muhimpundu ◽  
Samir Faouri ◽  
Asem Shehabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Recurrent Wheezing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Viral Surveillance

Abstract A cross-sectional viral surveillance study of hospitalized children less than 2 years of old in Amman, Jordan, noted that respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus, but not human rhinovirus, were associated with higher odds of acute wheezing. Future longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate the association between early childhood viral acute respiratory infections and recurrent wheezing later in childhood.

scholarly journals Etiological and epidemiological features of acute respiratory infections in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong-Jie Li ◽  
Hai-Yang Zhang ◽  
Li-Li Ren ◽  
Qing-Bin Lu ◽  
Xiang Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Acute Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Positive Interactions ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
Point Analysis ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
And Control

AbstractNationwide prospective surveillance of all-age patients with acute respiratory infections was conducted in China between 2009‒2019. Here we report the etiological and epidemiological features of the 231,107 eligible patients enrolled in this analysis. Children <5 years old and school-age children have the highest viral positivity rate (46.9%) and bacterial positivity rate (30.9%). Influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus and human rhinovirus are the three leading viral pathogens with proportions of 28.5%, 16.8% and 16.7%, and Streptococcus pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Klebsiella pneumoniae are the three leading bacterial pathogens (29.9%, 18.6% and 15.8%). Negative interactions between viruses and positive interactions between viral and bacterial pathogens are common. A Join-Point analysis reveals the age-specific positivity rate and how this varied for individual pathogens. These data indicate that differential priorities for diagnosis, prevention and control should be highlighted in terms of acute respiratory tract infection patients’ demography, geographic locations and season of illness in China.

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