scholarly journals 身體倫理視域下現代醫學模式的哲學反思與重構——對孫慕義先生〈身體〉一文的呼應與商榷

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Junrong LIU
Keyword(s):  
Human Dignity ◽  
Medical Model ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Doctor Patient Communication ◽  
Digital Commons ◽  
Objective Understanding ◽  
Religious Zeal ◽  
Contemporary Medicine ◽  
Sick Individual

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract in English only.Sun Muyi’s article provides illuminating views and arguments regarding the proper model of medicine. From Sun’s perspective, the bio-psycho-social model of medicine retains traces of body-mind dualism. It differs from Michel Foucault’s view of the body, which is one of phenomenological holism. That view, as Sun sees it, constitutes a comprehensive philosophical reflection on the modern bio-psycho-social medical model, providing an objective understanding of the unity of body and mind. Sun argues that a religious dimension is inevitably embedded in this objective understanding when establishing a body ethics model of contemporary medicine. This commentary agrees that Sun’s view provides useful reflections on the construction of a proper model of medicine. It is right that we should go beyond the bio-psycho-social medical model to pay more attention to the sick individual him or herself and to strengthen doctor-patient communication regarding the body and human dignity. However, it is also contended that the body ethics model of medicine should constitute a criticism of religious medical models and resist any religious zeal being applied to the study of medical ethics.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 77 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

Disability as Disjuncture: A Theory to Guide Social Work Practice

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1and2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth DePoy ◽  
Stephen Gilson
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Medical Model ◽  
Work Practice ◽  
Social Work Practice ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Model ◽  
The Social ◽  
Full Participation ◽  
Medical Model Of Disability ◽  
Negative Stereotyping

Over the past several decades, disability and social work have become increasingly strange bedfellows, in large part due to the espousal of the medical model of disability on the part of social workers. This approach locates disability with the body as a deficit in need of repair, revision, or ongoing professional scrutiny. In opposition to this approach, disability scholars proposed the social model, which holds negative stereotyping and oppression as disabling factors, thereby creating a binary debate on cause and appropriate response to disability. We suggest that this binary is not useful in guiding social work to consider disability as a complex phenomenon, which requires multifaceted action responses. We therefore propose disability as disjuncture. This interactive model synthesizes a wealth of interdisciplinary fields to inform social work analysis and response to disability that meets the goals of advancing individual function, locating disability within a broad diversity dialog, and thus promoting equivalence of rights, choice, and opportunity for full participation for those who fit within the disability category. We conclude with exemplars of the thinking and action processes, guided by disjuncture theory, that illustrate the potency of this framework and its guiding properties for progressive social work disability practice.

scholarly journals 在後現代語境下我們如何建構醫學模式？——對〈身體倫理醫學模式〉的閱讀

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
Wei XIAO
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Medical Model ◽  
The Body ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
New Model ◽  
A Value ◽  
Digital Commons ◽  
Modern Context ◽  
Ethical Cultures

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract in English only.Medicine is a value construction. As the combination of a variety of values and methodologies, a medical model can be used to observe and handle medical problems in the field of medicine. Indeed, human understandings of medicine have undergone a long process of historical development. Sun’s “body ethics model of medicine” can be taken as a new medical model in the post-modern context. It is achieved through the combination of the Chinese and Western ethical cultures. In my view, this new model is shaped by three key elements: human nature, the body, and ethical relationships. At the same time, the model points toward an inevitable fact of life: “Politics is nothing but medicine at a larger scale.”DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 39 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

scholarly journals 身體倫理醫學模式對生物－心理－社會醫學模式的“僭越”

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-26
Author(s):  
Muyi SUN
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Medical Model ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
The Body ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Digital Commons ◽  
Religious Dimensions ◽  
The One ◽  
Nature Of Medicine

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.身體倫理醫學模式是生命（身體）政治意志的表達與實現，其修正了生物心理社會醫學模式的錯訛，並能夠最整全地反映人類對於身體或醫學的寄託，成為醫學的基礎和疾病救治、身體康復的指導與希望。身體為醫生治療行為與施愛的直觀物件，身體是屬人的，人必須力圖把“我的意識”統一於“我的身體”；這一道德觀成為醫學模式的人性前提，即是說，人的身體、包括患病的身體，不是一般性地沒於世界，而應該建立身體、人、醫學與政治活動之間的道德關係。身體倫理醫學模式有利於人和醫學回歸倫理的和諧；由此，在後現代背境下，可以認為，身體宗教醫學模式是身體倫理醫學模式的淵源之一，身體倫理醫學模式隱含著生命（身體）政治醫學模式的政治倫理功能，能夠實現對生物心理社會醫學模式的歷史性“僭越”。Body ethics constitute a genuine expression of both human life and the physical body. They represent the spiritual will of medicine, correcting the errors of the bio-psycho-social medical model. Body ethics reflect both the holistic human body and the true spirit of medicine, forming the basis for medical intervention and physical rehabilitation. For medical doctors guided by the bio-psycho-social medical model, the human body is nothing more than a behavioral and psychological object. However, the real body is a being, an individual human being, who must try to unify “consciousness” with “the body.” The moral premise of the body ethics medical model transforms “dead” materials into humanity, i.e., the human body, including even the sick body. This model incarnates the transcendent dimension of the human body in a comprehensive whole, manifesting the proper relations among physical, moral, humane, and political activities in medicine. The body ethics model of medicine contributes to a return to the harmonious nature of medicine and ethics on the one hand and the inseparability of medicine and religion on the other. Accordingly, even in a postmodern context, it can reasonably be held that both the physical and religious dimensions of the body are sources of the medical ethics of the body and that this body ethics model of medicine contains the spiritual, moral, and political functions of the body in itself. Finally, this model goes beyond the bio-psycho-social medical model through its transcendent dimension.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 132 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

scholarly journals 中國傳統的整體觀的思維模式對意義與神聖價值的拯救

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-125
Author(s):  
Yu CAI
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Chinese Philosophy ◽  
Medical Model ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Western Model ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Sacred Values ◽  
Digital Commons ◽  
The Mind

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract in English only.The failure to reform the modern Western model of medicine stems from the reductionist mode of thinking, as demonstrated by Prof. Jeffrey Bishop. Since the Enlightenment, the popular mode of thinking in Western medicine has been a kind of mechanical materialist reductionism, which is characteristic of instrumental rationality. It is also a spatial pattern of thinking—the body becomes separable from the mind. The thinking underlying Chinese medicine and Confucian bioethics based on Chinese philosophy, in contrast, is holistic in nature. Meaning and sacred values appears only in the mindset of the whole. From the Confucian bioethical perspective, a reasonable medical model is one based on the patient’s overall biological, social, psychological, and spiritual existence, rather than on any one of these as a discrete factor. Confucian bioethics is a mix of uncompromising realism and reasonable belief in the Dao of Heaven and the virtue of ren (humanity). It is rooted in traditional Chinese culture, and remains what the Chinese need today.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 33 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

Lessons from the Experience of U.N. Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities: Addressing the Democratic Deficit in Global Health Governance

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 564-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet E. Lord ◽  
David Suozzi ◽  
Allyn L. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Medical Model ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Social Model Of Disability ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
High Commissioner ◽  
Traditional Approaches

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (the CRPD or the Convention), adopted on December 13, 2006, and entered into force on May 3, 2008, constitutes a key landmark in the emerging field of global health law and a critical milestone in the development of international law on the rights of persons with disabilities. At the time of its adoption, the U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights heralded the CRPD as a rejection of the understanding of persons with disabilities “as objects of charity, medical treatment and social protection” and an embrace of disabled people as “subjects of rights.”The text of the Convention itself, and the highly participatory process by which it was negotiated, signal a definitive break from previous international approaches that focused on disability within a medical model framework. In contrast to traditional approaches, the CRPD embraces a social model of disability, concentrating the disability experience not in individual deficiency, but in the socially constructed environment and the barriers that impede the participation of persons with disabilities in society.

Organization of inclusive physical education classes for persons with disabilities

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (06) ◽  
pp. 54-57
Author(s):  
Zülfiyyə Asim qızı Yolçiyeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Children With Disabilities ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Teaching Methodology ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
The Social

As we know, there are many fields of pedagogical science. One of the most important areas is special pedagogy. Special pedagogy studies the issues of education and upbringing of children with physical and mental disabilities. People with disabilities are those who are relatively disabled in terms of any part of the body or the brain. In our country, special attention is paid to the education of people with disabilities. Inclusive education creates conditions for the protection of social equality, education and other special needs of children with disabilities. According to the teaching methodology, inclusive education prevents discrimination against children, allows people with various diseases to get a perfect education and succeed. Its main task is to create an environment for vocational training of people with disabilities. In modern times, people with disabilities should not be seen as sick, but as people with disabilities. This shapes the social approach to disability. The social model allows these children to exercise their rights to develop their skills. The purpose of inclusive physical education is to teach students to move together, which promotes the improvement and development of human psychophysical abilities. Different exercises should be chosen for each lesson and combined in such a way as to have a comprehensive effect on the body and ensure that each student can perform. It is necessary to ensure the general requirements and their specificity when arranging lessons. Sports have a great impact on the development of the personality of children with disabilities as normal children. Sport is one of the most important conditions for everyone and is acceptable for any age group. All these procedures are more effective when performed in unison. Let's protect our child's life together for a healthy life and step into a healthy future Key words: Inclusion, inclusive education, inclusive physical education, a person with disabilities, special education

Art.1 Purpose

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kakoullis Emily ◽  
Ikehara Yoshikazu
Keyword(s):  
Medical Model ◽  
Social Model ◽  
International Human Rights Law ◽  
Human Rights Law ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Social Model Of Disability ◽  
Societal Participation ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
Medical Model Of Disability

This chapter examines Article 1 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). The article sets out the purpose of the CRPD and describes its target group. It enshrines a ‘paradigm shift’ in approach to the concept of ‘disability’ in international human rights law: a shift from an approach underpinned by a ‘medical model of disability’ that views persons with disabilities as ‘objects’ of medical treatment and in need of charity; to a ‘social model of disability’, which views persons with disabilities as ‘subjects’ with rights and focuses on the barriers persons with disabilities face that may hinder their societal participation.

Effective Practices for Teaching All Learners in Secondary Classrooms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate de Bruin
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Medical Model ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Effective Teacher ◽  
Secondary Classrooms ◽  
School Students ◽  
Regular School

It is important to consider inclusive and effective teacher practices in secondary classrooms as distinct from other schooling levels and settings. Many years of inclusive education reforms have brought about increases in the numbers of students with disabilities who are educated in the regular school system. However, progress has been slower for secondary school students with disabilities, who remain more likely to be segregated from their peers and to receive a poorer-quality education, when compared to their primary school counterparts. This is because many barriers to student inclusion remain entrenched in the structure and organization of secondary schooling systems. These barriers often arise from seeing difficulties in learning and participating through a medical model and thus requiring diagnostic verification and specialist support, instead of seeing student difficulties in learning as arising from a social model of disability, in which student participation and progress are hampered by poor design or inflexibility in teaching practices and a lack of access to support. A large body of research exists to support the case for using a range of school-wide organization as well as classroom-based practices that effectively overcome these barriers, and provide high-quality and equitable academic and social supports to all students in the secondary school classroom. Those that foster collaboration and effective relationships between professionals and students, and that provide access to support on the basis of need rather than diagnosis, have been found to produce supportive environments in which diversity is valued, equity is maximized for all students, and social and academic outcomes are improved for all students.

Natality and Disability

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 75-98
Author(s):  
Lorraine Krall McCrary ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Dignity ◽  
Cognitive Disabilities ◽  
The Body ◽  
Disability Theory

Arendt’s “natality,” a promising foundation for humanness that might be expanded to include those with profound cognitive disabilities, emerges in part out of Arendt’s creative interpretation of Augustine. Returning to Augustine provides natality with resources to escape the weaknesses of Arendt’s thought when viewed from the perspective of disability theory: The traps of grounding human dignity in rationality, of downplaying expressions of creativity in non-political spheres, and of denigrating the role of the body.

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