scholarly journals 在後現代語境下我們如何建構醫學模式？——對〈身體倫理醫學模式〉的閱讀

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
Wei XIAO
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Medical Model ◽  
The Body ◽  
Medical Problems ◽  
New Model ◽  
A Value ◽  
Digital Commons ◽  
Modern Context ◽  
Ethical Cultures

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract in English only.Medicine is a value construction. As the combination of a variety of values and methodologies, a medical model can be used to observe and handle medical problems in the field of medicine. Indeed, human understandings of medicine have undergone a long process of historical development. Sun’s “body ethics model of medicine” can be taken as a new medical model in the post-modern context. It is achieved through the combination of the Chinese and Western ethical cultures. In my view, this new model is shaped by three key elements: human nature, the body, and ethical relationships. At the same time, the model points toward an inevitable fact of life: “Politics is nothing but medicine at a larger scale.”DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 39 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

scholarly journals 身體倫理視域下現代醫學模式的哲學反思與重構——對孫慕義先生〈身體〉一文的呼應與商榷

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Junrong LIU
Keyword(s):  
Human Dignity ◽  
Medical Model ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Doctor Patient Communication ◽  
Digital Commons ◽  
Objective Understanding ◽  
Religious Zeal ◽  
Contemporary Medicine ◽  
Sick Individual

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract in English only.Sun Muyi’s article provides illuminating views and arguments regarding the proper model of medicine. From Sun’s perspective, the bio-psycho-social model of medicine retains traces of body-mind dualism. It differs from Michel Foucault’s view of the body, which is one of phenomenological holism. That view, as Sun sees it, constitutes a comprehensive philosophical reflection on the modern bio-psycho-social medical model, providing an objective understanding of the unity of body and mind. Sun argues that a religious dimension is inevitably embedded in this objective understanding when establishing a body ethics model of contemporary medicine. This commentary agrees that Sun’s view provides useful reflections on the construction of a proper model of medicine. It is right that we should go beyond the bio-psycho-social medical model to pay more attention to the sick individual him or herself and to strengthen doctor-patient communication regarding the body and human dignity. However, it is also contended that the body ethics model of medicine should constitute a criticism of religious medical models and resist any religious zeal being applied to the study of medical ethics.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 77 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

scholarly journals 身體倫理醫學模式對生物－心理－社會醫學模式的“僭越”

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-26
Author(s):  
Muyi SUN
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Medical Model ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
The Body ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Digital Commons ◽  
Religious Dimensions ◽  
The One ◽  
Nature Of Medicine

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.身體倫理醫學模式是生命（身體）政治意志的表達與實現，其修正了生物心理社會醫學模式的錯訛，並能夠最整全地反映人類對於身體或醫學的寄託，成為醫學的基礎和疾病救治、身體康復的指導與希望。身體為醫生治療行為與施愛的直觀物件，身體是屬人的，人必須力圖把“我的意識”統一於“我的身體”；這一道德觀成為醫學模式的人性前提，即是說，人的身體、包括患病的身體，不是一般性地沒於世界，而應該建立身體、人、醫學與政治活動之間的道德關係。身體倫理醫學模式有利於人和醫學回歸倫理的和諧；由此，在後現代背境下，可以認為，身體宗教醫學模式是身體倫理醫學模式的淵源之一，身體倫理醫學模式隱含著生命（身體）政治醫學模式的政治倫理功能，能夠實現對生物心理社會醫學模式的歷史性“僭越”。Body ethics constitute a genuine expression of both human life and the physical body. They represent the spiritual will of medicine, correcting the errors of the bio-psycho-social medical model. Body ethics reflect both the holistic human body and the true spirit of medicine, forming the basis for medical intervention and physical rehabilitation. For medical doctors guided by the bio-psycho-social medical model, the human body is nothing more than a behavioral and psychological object. However, the real body is a being, an individual human being, who must try to unify “consciousness” with “the body.” The moral premise of the body ethics medical model transforms “dead” materials into humanity, i.e., the human body, including even the sick body. This model incarnates the transcendent dimension of the human body in a comprehensive whole, manifesting the proper relations among physical, moral, humane, and political activities in medicine. The body ethics model of medicine contributes to a return to the harmonious nature of medicine and ethics on the one hand and the inseparability of medicine and religion on the other. Accordingly, even in a postmodern context, it can reasonably be held that both the physical and religious dimensions of the body are sources of the medical ethics of the body and that this body ethics model of medicine contains the spiritual, moral, and political functions of the body in itself. Finally, this model goes beyond the bio-psycho-social medical model through its transcendent dimension.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 132 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

scholarly journals 中國傳統的整體觀的思維模式對意義與神聖價值的拯救

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-125
Author(s):  
Yu CAI
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Chinese Philosophy ◽  
Medical Model ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Western Model ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Sacred Values ◽  
Digital Commons ◽  
The Mind

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract in English only.The failure to reform the modern Western model of medicine stems from the reductionist mode of thinking, as demonstrated by Prof. Jeffrey Bishop. Since the Enlightenment, the popular mode of thinking in Western medicine has been a kind of mechanical materialist reductionism, which is characteristic of instrumental rationality. It is also a spatial pattern of thinking—the body becomes separable from the mind. The thinking underlying Chinese medicine and Confucian bioethics based on Chinese philosophy, in contrast, is holistic in nature. Meaning and sacred values appears only in the mindset of the whole. From the Confucian bioethical perspective, a reasonable medical model is one based on the patient’s overall biological, social, psychological, and spiritual existence, rather than on any one of these as a discrete factor. Confucian bioethics is a mix of uncompromising realism and reasonable belief in the Dao of Heaven and the virtue of ren (humanity). It is rooted in traditional Chinese culture, and remains what the Chinese need today.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 33 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

General Conclusions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moshe Blidstein
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Early Christianity ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Christian Communities ◽  
Dietary Laws

In the general conclusion, I discuss the consequences of the textual analyses for the overarching theme of the book—how purity and defilement are redefined in early Christianity to support the theology, demonology, and understanding of human nature found in second- and third-century communities, and to construct the identity of these communities. I compare different areas of purity discourse (sexuality, dietary laws, asceticism, baptism), and trace the historical development of purity concepts and ideas through the first three centuries of Christianity, underlining the unique place of Origen and of Jewish-Christian communities in this development.

Caudal Fin and Body Movement in the Propulsion of some Fish

1963 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD BAINBRIDGE
Keyword(s):  
Body Movement ◽  
Wave Length ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Tail Region ◽  
Caudal Fin ◽  
A Value ◽  
Total Thrust ◽  
Transverse Movement ◽  
Relationship Of

1. Observations made on bream, goldfish and dace swimming in the ‘Fish Wheel’ apparatus are described. These include: 2. An account of the complex changes in curvature of the caudal fin during different phases of the normal locomotory cycle. Measurements of this curvature and of the angles of attack associated with it are given. 3. An account of changes in area of the caudal fin during the cycle of lateral oscillation. Detailed measurements of these changes, which may involve a 30 % increase in height or a 20 % increase in area, are given. 4. An account of the varying speed of transverse movement of the caudal fin under various conditions and the relationship of this to the changes in area and amount of bending. Details of the way this transverse speed may be asymmetrically distributed relative to the axis of progression of the fish are given. 5. An account of the extent of the lateral propulsive movements in other parts of the body. These are markedly different in the different species studied. Measurements of the wave length of this movement and of the rate of progression of the wave down the body are given. 6. It is concluded that the fish has active control over the speed, the amount of bending and the area of the caudal fin during transverse movement. 7. The bending of the fin and its changes in area are considered to be directed to the end of smoothing out and making more uniform what would otherwise be an intermittent thrust from the oscillating tail region. 8. Some assessment is made of the proportion of the total thrust contributed by the caudal fin. This is found to vary considerably, according to the form of the lateral propulsive movements of the whole body, from a value of 45% for the bream to 84% for the dace.

scholarly journals Embodied Intersubjectivity and the Vitality of Cultural Meaning: Narratives of Communicative Musicality in Learning and Teaching

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Malloch ◽  
Jonathan Delafield-Butt ◽  
Colwyn Trevarthen
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Technical Skills ◽  
Human Learning ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cultural Meaning ◽  
Learning And Teaching ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Structure Knowledge ◽  
Embodied Intersubjectivity ◽  
Motor Structure

Human learning is inspired with the purposes and feelings of individuals who seek conscious, in-the-moment cooperation. It is social and co-created through mutual attunement of the movements of body and mind. In school, the interested learner needs to be encouraged by a skilled teacher sensitive to the rhythms of the child’s friendly, open vitality. They co-create shared projects in play, with movement and language, developing meaning and learning in sympathetic collaboration. From infancy, projects of imagination are expressed by the body and voice with the creative forms of 'communicative musicality' – gestural narratives created in rhythms of movement, felt, seen and heard. They anticipate being responded to with love and care. Learning within these embodied narratives incorporates affective, energetic, and intentional components to produce schemas of engagement that structure knowledge, and become meaningful habits held in memory. The rituals of culture and technical skills develop from the psycho-motor structure of human nature, with its vital impulses of thought-in-action that express an integrated, imaginative, and sociable Self.

scholarly journals Comparative study of the body composition of different turkey genotypes by means of CT (short communication)

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-292
Author(s):  
G. Andrássy-Baka ◽  
R. Romvári ◽  
Z. Sütő ◽  
A. Szabó ◽  
P. Horn
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ct Scanner ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Scanning Procedure ◽  
A Value ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Relevant Group ◽  
Total Body

Abstract. Male and female BUT Big 6 and Bronze turkeys (type 1967) kept in a gene reserve were in vivoL investigated with non-invasive high resolution computerized tomography by means of a sipral CT scanner. The imaging procedure was carried out at the ages of 5, 12, 16 and 21 weeks on two turkeys, in both sexes. All animals were kept under intensive conditions according to the demands of the conformation and the body weight of the relevant group average. On the basis of 30–50 scans gathered from each bird during the scanning procedure the volumetric measurement of the total body muscle content was performed. These values were at the 5th week 0.9 and 0.8 vs. 0.3 and 0.2 dm3 in BUT male and female vs. Bronze male and female birds. At the 21st week the respective values were: 12.65 and 7.66 vs. 3.60 and 2.28 dm3. The total body fat content was characterised by the so called "fat index", a value independent of the live weight. This indices were at the 21st week: 0.12 and 0.20 vs. 0.12 and 0.13 following the above order. The investigation of the tissue development in the body was carried out by means of 3D histograms. The morphologic properties of the breast muscles were compared based on real 3D reconstructed images at the age of 21 weeks where the major differences concerned the m. pectoralis superficialis. The applied imaging methods are well applicable to describe the anatomic and body compositional differences in the excessively different genotypes.

scholarly journals Historical development of linguistics’ bibliography in Russia (1860-2013)

Bibliosphere ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
V. V. Goncharova
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
Linguistic Resources ◽  
Slavic Linguistics ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rich Information ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Language Norms ◽  
Further Development

The interdisciplinary character of the science of language causes great difficulties in bibliographic support in this field. The object of bibliographing in linguistics is not only literature on the language, but also a variety of linguistic resources, which represent a special object to study a branch of linguistics - lexicography. Bibliography of linguistics is the least studied field by specialists among humanitarian bibliographic complexes. The paper first studied the array of domestic bibliographic sources for more than 150 years; the most significant of them are shown. The subject of research is national bibliographic resources in the linguistics field. The objective is to characterize the historical development of the linguistic bibliography in Russia. To achieve this goal we had to solve a number of tasks: identify existing sources for ongoing historical research; to trace the history of forming bibliographic sources, bibliography of bibliographies of linguistics; to form and analyze the body of bibliographic materials; to characterize the problematic areas in the bibliographic software of linguistics. Using the bibliometric analysis it was studied an array of bibliographic products published between 1860 and 2013, the dynamics of bibliographic resources formation was determined, the degree of bibliographic support of some topics and issues in linguistic science and prior directions of their development were revealed. The main results of the study should be considered: 1. The nuclear of fundamental indices on general and applied linguistics is singled out in analyzed literature sources covering the period 1918-1977, as well as in Slavic linguistics for 1825-1981. The complex of current and retrospective bibliographic products was formed and replenished in the country in 1963-1988. 2. The largest share of bibliographic sources in linguistics is presented by book and article bibliography (over 70%), many of which remain bibliographically unrecorded and unused. 3. The following subject areas of linguistics are considered to be bibliographically supported: inter-linguistics, culture of speech and language norms, lexicography, linguistic geography, linguistics regional geography, onomastics. 4. An obvious need to continue the index or database of bibliographic aids in the field of linguistics over the past 50 years is marked. 5. Further development of the linguistics bibliography is impossible to imagine without creating an electronic guide on the bibliographic resources of linguistics, which would reflect the diversity of bibliographical resources and provide their rich information potential for professionals and remote users

scholarly journals Del origen de la dietética al surgimiento de la nutrición: Consideraciones sobre los aportes científicos en el área / From the Origin of Dietetics to the Emergence of Nutrition Considerations on Scientific Contributions in the Area

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yurimay Quintero de Rivas ◽  
Gladys Bastardo de Castaneda ◽  
Coromoto Elena Angarita Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Scientific Revolution ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nutrition Science ◽  
Health And Disease

ABSTRACTNutrition and dietetics throughout history have been viewed from two fundamental aspects: as a means to restore health and as a means to prevent the disease. Since its inception the appearance of dietetics, the search was based on maintaining the balance of health and disease. Later, with the rise of the scientific revolution, as is nutrition science who focuses on the study of the different processes through which the body uses nutrients ingested. In the historical development of scientific knowledge both concepts, provided the key tools for the study of this discipline. All these important contributions, provided the fundamental basis for the development of nutrition as a scientific discipline XXI century, currently devoted to the study of many problems associated with food and modern lifestyles. Nutrition therefore rests on the discipline of scientific knowledge, is the fundamental basis for the understanding of the causes of the problems and possible solutions to search for them.RESUMENLa nutrición y dietética, a lo largo de la historia, han sido vistas desde dos vertientes fundamentales: como un medio para restablecer la salud y como un instrumento para prevenir la enfermedad. Desde sus orígenes la aparición de la dietética, se basó en la búsqueda del mantenimiento del equilibrio de la salud y enfermedad. Posteriormente con el surgir de la revolución científica, es la nutrición como ciencia, quien se centra en el estudio de los diferentes procesos a través de los cuales, el organismo utiliza los nutrientes ingeridos. En el desarrollo histórico de ambos conceptos el conocimiento científico, proporcionó las herramientas claves para el estudio de esta disciplina. Todos esos importantes aportes, sirvieron de base fundamental, para el desarrollo de la nutrición como disciplina científica del siglo XXI, actualmente dedicada al estudio de innumerables problemas derivados de la alimentación y estilos de vida modernos. La nutrición por lo tanto, apoyada sobre la disciplina del conocimiento científico, es la base fundamental para la compresión de las causas de los problemas y la posible búsqueda de las soluciones a los mismos.

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