scholarly journals 美國醫學模式轉變的跨文化審視——兼評Jeffrey P. Bishop 西方醫學模式轉變觀念

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-130
Author(s):  
Hongqi WANG
Keyword(s):  
Medical Model ◽  
Reform Movement ◽  
Biomedical Model ◽  
Dominant Model ◽  
Patient Relationship ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The West ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
Digital Commons

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract in English only.Bishop’s paper shows that the dominant model of medicine has changed in line the prevailing medical worldview since the late 19th century, when biomedicine become the established model. With the growth of scientism in medicine, biomedicine has suffered a quality-of-care crisis in recent years. Patients have become more like machines to be managed and manipulated than human beings to be cared for. The crisis involves controversies over whether the patient is a body or a person, about the doctor-patient relationship, and about the nature of disease and health. The biomedical model envisions the patient as a mechanical body that is composed of separate parts, rendering medicine cold, impersonal, dictatorial, and mechanical. Other models have been proposed in an attempt to change the situation in the West. However, as Bishop argues in his paper, each proposed reform movement is doomed to fail because none departs from mechanistic, reductive scientism. We cannot develop an appropriate medical model without changing the inhumane character or secularist tendency of the dominant biomedical model.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 39 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

THE PROBLEMS OF PESANTREN EDUCATION IN IMPROVING HUMAN ACADEMIC QUALITY IN THE GLOBAL-MULTICULTURAL ERA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-186
Author(s):  
Qolbi Khoiri ◽  
Ani Aryati
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource ◽  
Strong Influence ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Academic Quality ◽  
Community Members ◽  
The West ◽  
Left Behind

This scientific work outlines the obstacles facing Pesantren education in improving academic human beings' global-multicultural era. Pesantren global currents can cause paradox or symptoms of counter-morality. So does the pattern of life in the West, even significantly affect the moral decay, moral and human behavior. With this condition, the influence is considerable on human life, both physical and spiritual. Thus, Pesantren education faced various challenges with developing education models in the era of globalization implemented by community members, such as system problems, human resource problems, and curriculum development. Therefore, to improve the quality of academic humanity in the global-multicultural era, Pesantren have problems exploring all the resources they have. Because Pesantren education is less concerned with the situation, human resource problem, a strong influence of western culture in domination and imperialization of information, and the current culture of globalization can lead to paradox or symptoms of counter-morality. With this problem, a Pesantren can devote all the power, effort, and ability to innovate. Finding something new can help a student's life for the better. However, if Pesantren does not dig all his skills, he will be left behind by the ever-evolving era.

scholarly journals 從莊子生命哲學到生命倫理學四原則的互補整合

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-79
Author(s):  
Yunzhang LIU ◽  
Jinping ZHAO ◽  
Jia XIE
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Moral Dilemmas ◽  
Biomedical Ethics ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The West ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
Philosophy Of Life ◽  
Western Idea ◽  
Digital Commons ◽  
Bioethical Issues

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.構建中國生命倫理學基本原則所秉持的根本方法應是整合。筆者認為，莊子的生命哲學思想與比徹姆 (Tom L. Beauchamp) 和丘卓斯(James F. Childress) 的生命倫理四原則從不同的角度，為這種整合提供了理論資源。莊子的生命哲學內涵豐富，關注生命本身、關注生命的平等和關注生命存在的本真價值與意義；秉持生是適時，死是順應的自然主義生死觀；追求超越世俗的自由“逍遙”的生存狀態；重視“養生”、“可以盡年”，實踐無慾無為的養生觀；主張“以天地為棺槨”，反對“厚葬”的陋習等等，這些都具有積極意義。這些思想歸結起來就是要“和諧”。和諧是自然萬物的存在秩序，是人的身心健康的根本保障，也是我們在構建中國生命倫理學基本原則時所需要把握的核心價值。而比徹姆和丘卓斯的生命倫理四原則從醫療衞生事業的發展與醫療實踐的角度為我們提供了更清晰、更明確去解決生命倫理問題的原則指導。在此基礎上構建起來的中國生命倫理學基本原則是以“和諧”為中心的體現，在多領域中的原則總體，包括人與自然領域的“和諧生態”原則、人與社會領域的“和諧社會”原則、人與自身領域的“和諧人格”原則、人與醫學領域的“和諧醫學”原則等。運用這些基本原則指導人們的現實倫理生活，規範、分析和解決人們現實生活中存在的種種生命倫理問題，推進社會文明的進步與人類自我價值的提升。The four-principles approach to bioethics developed by Beauchamp and Childress in Principles of Biomedical Ethics is no doubt the most well known and influential example in the West of principle-based approaches to resolve ethical issues. The four principles are autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence, and justice. This essay explores whether the four principles can be considered a universal core of morality that can be used in China to deal with current bioethical issues. It argues that although the four principles provide general guidelines, their implementation is much more complex. This essay attempts to show that Daoist thought, particularly Zhuangzi’s philosophy of life and death, conveys a certain sense of bioethics and carries profound moral implications that can overcome some of the limitations of principle-based ethics. The synthesis of the two traditions may help contemporary China to deal with various kinds of moral dilemmas. The Daoist notion of the interconnection among human beings and between human beings and nature challenges the Western idea of individualism and individual autonomy.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 553 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

Formulating biossay data of chemicals and environmental water

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Shoji ◽  
A. Sakoda ◽  
Y. Sakai ◽  
M. Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Toxicity Data ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Environmental Waters ◽  
Bodies Of Water

The quality of environmental waters such as rivers is often deteriorated by various kinds of trace and unidentified chemicals despite the recent development of sewage systems and wastewater treatment technologies. In addition to contamination by particular toxicants, complex toxicity due to multi-component chemicals could be much more serious. The environmental situation in bodies of water in Japan led us to apply bioassays for monitoring the water quality of environmental waters in order to express the direct and potential toxicity to human beings and ecosystems rather than determinating concentrations of particular chemicals. However, problems arose from the fact that bioassays for pharmaceutical purposes generally required complicated, time-consuming, expert procedures. Also, a methodology for feedback of the resultant toxicity data to water environment management has not been established yet. To this end, we developed a novel bioassay based on the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake activity of human hepatoblastoma cells. The assay enabled us to directly detect the toxicity of environmental waters within 4 hours of exposure. This is a significantly quick and easy procedure as compared to that of conventional bioassays. The toxicity data for 255 selected chemicals and environmental waters obtained by this method were organized by a mathematical equation in order to make those data much more effectively and practically useful to the management of environmental waters. Our methodology represents a promising example of applying bioassays to monitor environmental water quality and generating potential solutions to the toxicity problems encountered.

Abortion and Judicial Review of Statutes

1977 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernst Livneh
Keyword(s):  
Federal Republic ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
German Law ◽  
Reform Movement ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
French Law ◽  
The West

It is difficult to see the connection between these two topics, but on 25 February 1975 the Constitutional Court of the Federal Republic of Germany gave a decision of great importance in both fields, and although Israel adheres to another system of law, in the opinion of the writer, this decision is of great interest here too.The amendment of the German law relating to abortions, whose constitutionality was examined in the judgment mentioned, is part of a reform movement spreading from Europe to the Americas in the West and to Russia, India and Singapore in the East. It began to have influence upon legislation between the two wars (Russia 1920, Scandinavia and Switzerland in the 1930's), but gathered momentum particularly during the last decade (one of the earlier laws in this series is the English Abortion Act, 1967; one of the latest, the French Law of 17 January 1975).

Yoga and Wellness—Key Insights from the Study on General Yoga Programme

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-63
Author(s):  
Rabindra Acharya ◽  
Gopal P. Mahapatra ◽  
Kadamibini Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Health And Wellness ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Facilitative Role ◽  
Quality Of Living ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Simplified Form

Human beings have always strived towards excellence and progress since time immemorial. Industrialisation, automation and technological disruptions have led to increased comfort and quality of living of human beings and enhanced output, productivity and efficiency. Consequently, of late, health and wellness are receiving increased attention globally. Stress and stress-related diseases and workplace-related ailments have significantly increased over the last few decades and gained attention from society and industrial organisations. In the recent past, in the coronavirus pandemic context, wellness has been focused upon in many countries, communities and organisations worldwide. Yoga has been part of the Indian ethos for centuries. In this article, the authors discuss the General Yoga Programme (GYP), its broad coverage, and the impact it has had on the participants in terms of their wellness. With the help of a survey of the participants and linking it to relevant literature and research in the field, the authors highlight how GYP is a useful tool for enhancing various wellness dimensions. They recommend that GYP in its simplified form can be extended to the workplace; and also, HR professionals can play a facilitative role in the process.

Making Sense of Water Quality: Multispecies Encounters on the Mystic River

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caterina Scaramelli
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Water Lily ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Water Flows ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Quality Of Water

This paper takes water quality as an ethnographic subject. It looks at how water quality monitors in Boston make sense of the quality of water through mundane engagement with three non-human beings who they encounter during their monitoring activities: herring, bacteria and water lily. Each of these organisms suggests a different understanding of water quality for the monitors and poses a dilemma. Water quality monitors who contribute to the production of water quality data come to know water quality as through direct interactions with these beings, mediated by both sensorial experience and laboratory data. These experiences, at the same time, confuse and redraw relationships between science, water flows, non-human vitality, including that of invasive species, and people.

scholarly journals Current Nanocarrier Strategies Improve Vitamin B12 Pharmacokinetics, Ameliorate Patients’ Lives, and Reduce Costs

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 743
Author(s):  
Marco Fidaleo ◽  
Stefano Tacconi ◽  
Carolina Sbarigia ◽  
Daniele Passeri ◽  
Marco Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Inborn Errors ◽  
Essential Nutrient

Vitamin B12 (VitB12) is a naturally occurring compound produced by microorganisms and an essential nutrient for humans. Several papers highlight the role of VitB12 deficiency in bone and heart health, depression, memory performance, fertility, embryo development, and cancer, while VitB12 treatment is crucial for survival in inborn errors of VitB12 metabolism. VitB12 is administrated through intramuscular injection, thus impacting the patients’ lifestyle, although it is known that oral administration may meet the specific requirement even in the case of malabsorption. Furthermore, the high-dose injection of VitB12 does not ensure a constant dosage, while the oral route allows only 1.2% of the vitamin to be absorbed in human beings. Nanocarriers are promising nanotechnology that can enable therapies to be improved, reducing side effects. Today, nanocarrier strategies applied at VitB12 delivery are at the initial phase and aim to simplify administration, reduce costs, improve pharmacokinetics, and ameliorate the quality of patients’ lives. The safety of nanotechnologies is still under investigation and few treatments involving nanocarriers have been approved, so far. Here, we highlight the role of VitB12 in human metabolism and diseases, and the issues linked to its molecule properties, and discuss how nanocarriers can improve the therapy and supplementation of the vitamin and reduce possible side effects and limits.

scholarly journals Do we have enough information to apply the ecosystem approach to management of deep-sea fisheries? An example from the West of Scotland

2010 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna J. Heymans ◽  
Kerry L. Howell ◽  
Morag Ayers ◽  
Michael T. Burrows ◽  
John D. M. Gordon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Ecosystem Model ◽  
Ecosystem Approach ◽  
The West ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Relative Paucity ◽  
Water Ecosystem ◽  
Fisheries Interactions

Abstract Heymans, J. J., Howell, K. L., Ayers, M., Burrows, M. T., Gordon, J. D. M., Jones, E. G., and Neat, F. 2011. Do we have enough information to apply the ecosystem approach to management of deep-sea fisheries? An example from the West of Scotland. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 265–280. There is currently a global call for more use of an ecosystem approach to fisheries management (EAFM), and ecosystem models such as Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) are being used to provide a holistic view of ecosystem–fisheries interactions. Although these can be useful for an EAFM, the relative paucity of data available for deep-sea ecosystems raises concerns whether we can effectively apply an EAFM to the deep sea. The deep-sea ecosystem off the west coast of Scotland has been studied for longer and in more detail than most. This study assimilates the significant published and unpublished information available on this ecosystem into an EwE model. The results suggest that there are sufficient data available to construct an ecosystem model, but the quality of the data varies and serious potential sources of error are present in biomass and discard estimates. The assumptions needed to produce a model are varied and must be considered when interpreting the outputs of the model. Ecosystem modelling provides a unique view of the deep-water ecosystem and facilitates hypothesis development concerning predator–prey and inter-fishery interactions. Sharks are used to illustrate the benefits of using an ecosystem model to describe changes in their biomass and their prey species. The results show that both fishing for sharks and fishing for their prey affect the biomass of sharks.

St Symeon the New Theologian (969-1022): Byzantine spiritual renewal in search of a precedent

1997 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 75-90
Author(s):  
John Anthony McGuckin
Keyword(s):  
Christian Tradition ◽  
Spiritual Renewal ◽  
Divine Love ◽  
The West ◽  
Conference Theme ◽  
Autobiographical Accounts ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Church

St Symeon the New Theologian is, without question, one of the most original and intriguing writers of medieval Byzantium. Indeed, although still largely unknown in the West, he is surely one of the greatest of all Christian mystical writers; not only for the remarkable autobiographical accounts he gives of several visions of the divine light, but also for the passionate quality of his exquisite Hymns of Divine Love, the remarkable intensity of his pneumatological doctrine, and the corresponding fire he brings to his preaching of reform in the internal and external life of the Church. He was a highly controversial figure in his own day. His disciples venerated him as a saint who had returned to the roots of the Christian tradition and personified its repristinization. His opponents, who secured his deposition and exile, regarded him as a dangerously unbalanced incompetent who, by overstressing the value of personal religious fervour, had endangered the stability of that tradition. The Vita which we possess was composed in 1054, in an attempt to rehabilitate Symeon’s memory and prepare for the return of his relics to the capital from which he had been expelled when alive. This paper will investigate how he himself understood and appropriated aspects of the earlier tradition (particularly monastic spirituality), hoping to elucidate why he felt himself inspired to reformist zeal, and why many of his contemporaries (not simply his ‘worldly opponents’ as his hagiographer would have us believe) regarded him as unbalanced. It will end by attempting some reflection on what the controversy reveals on the larger front about how the Church ‘selectively looks back on itself, so to paraphrase our president’s description of the conference theme, and whether the model of tradition and its reception exemplified in this Byzantine writer can offer anything to the dialogue between history and theology which the doctrine of Tradition (Paradosis) inevitably initiates.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document