Formulating biossay data of chemicals and environmental water

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Shoji ◽  
A. Sakoda ◽  
Y. Sakai ◽  
M. Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Toxicity Data ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Environmental Waters ◽  
Bodies Of Water

The quality of environmental waters such as rivers is often deteriorated by various kinds of trace and unidentified chemicals despite the recent development of sewage systems and wastewater treatment technologies. In addition to contamination by particular toxicants, complex toxicity due to multi-component chemicals could be much more serious. The environmental situation in bodies of water in Japan led us to apply bioassays for monitoring the water quality of environmental waters in order to express the direct and potential toxicity to human beings and ecosystems rather than determinating concentrations of particular chemicals. However, problems arose from the fact that bioassays for pharmaceutical purposes generally required complicated, time-consuming, expert procedures. Also, a methodology for feedback of the resultant toxicity data to water environment management has not been established yet. To this end, we developed a novel bioassay based on the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake activity of human hepatoblastoma cells. The assay enabled us to directly detect the toxicity of environmental waters within 4 hours of exposure. This is a significantly quick and easy procedure as compared to that of conventional bioassays. The toxicity data for 255 selected chemicals and environmental waters obtained by this method were organized by a mathematical equation in order to make those data much more effectively and practically useful to the management of environmental waters. Our methodology represents a promising example of applying bioassays to monitor environmental water quality and generating potential solutions to the toxicity problems encountered.

Making Sense of Water Quality: Multispecies Encounters on the Mystic River

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caterina Scaramelli
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Water Lily ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Water Flows ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Quality Of Water

This paper takes water quality as an ethnographic subject. It looks at how water quality monitors in Boston make sense of the quality of water through mundane engagement with three non-human beings who they encounter during their monitoring activities: herring, bacteria and water lily. Each of these organisms suggests a different understanding of water quality for the monitors and poses a dilemma. Water quality monitors who contribute to the production of water quality data come to know water quality as through direct interactions with these beings, mediated by both sensorial experience and laboratory data. These experiences, at the same time, confuse and redraw relationships between science, water flows, non-human vitality, including that of invasive species, and people.

scholarly journals Development and evaluation of the Lake Multi-biotic Integrity Index for Dongting Lake, China

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Wang ◽  
Binghui Zheng ◽  
Lusan Liu ◽  
Lijing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Dongting Lake ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Biotic Integrity ◽  
Diatom Index ◽  
Integrity Index ◽  
Biotic Integrity Index

<p>A Lake Multi-biotic Integrity Index (LMII) for the China’s second largest interior lake (Dongting Lake) was developed to assess the water quality status using algal and macroinvertebrate metrics. Algae and benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages were sampled at 10 sections across 3 subregions of Dongting Lake. We used a stepwise process to evaluate properties of candidate metrics and selected ten for the LMII: Pampean diatom index, diatom quotient, trophic diatom index, relative abundance diatoms, Margalef index of algae, percent sensitive diatoms, % facultative individuals, % Chironomidae individuals, % predators individuals, and total number of macroinvertebrate taxa. We then tested the accuracy and feasibility of the LMII by comparing the correlation with physical-chemical parameters. Evaluation of the LMII showed that it discriminated well between reference and impaired sections and was strongly related to the major chemical and physical stressors (r = 0.766, P&lt;0.001). The re-scored results from the 10 sections showed that the water quality of western Dongting Lake was good, while that of southern Dongting Lake was relatively good and whereas that of eastern Dongting Lake was poor. The discriminatory biocriteria of the LMII are suitable for the assessment of the water quality of Dongting Lake. Additionally, more metrics belonging to habitat, hydrology, physics and chemistry should be considered into the LMII, so as to establish comprehensive assessment system which can reflect the community structure of aquatic organisms, physical and chemical characteristics of water environment, human activities, and so on.</p>

scholarly journals Resolving conflicting objectives in the management of the Plastiras Lake: can we quantify beauty?

2005 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 507-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Christofides ◽  
A. Efstratiadis ◽  
D. Koutsoyiannis ◽  
G.-F. Sargentis ◽  
K. Hadjibiros
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Power Production ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Water Release ◽  
Natural Landscape ◽  
Conflicting Objectives ◽  
Surrounding Landscape ◽  
Water Uses

Abstract. The possible water management of the Plastiras Lake, an artificial reservoir in central Greece, is examined. The lake and surrounding landscape are aesthetically degraded when the water level drops, and the requirement of maintaining a high quality of the scenery constitutes one of the several conflicting water uses, the other ones being irrigation, water supply, and power production. This environmental water use, and, to a lesser extent, the requirement for adequate water quality, results in constraining the annual release. Thus, the allowed fluctuation of reservoir stage is not defined by the physical and technical characteristics of the reservoir, but by a multi-criteria decision, the three criteria being maximising water release, ensuring adequate water quality, and maintaining a high quality of the natural landscape. Each of these criteria is analyzed separately. The results are then put together in a multicriterion tableau, which helps understand the implications of the possible alternative decisions. Several conflict resolution methods are overviewed, namely willingness to pay, hedonic prices, and multi-criteria decision analysis. All these methods attempt to quantify non-quantifiable qualities, and it is concluded that they don't necessarily offer any advantage over merely making a choice based on understanding.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Impact of Sewage Storage Ponds on the Water Environment in Surrounding Area

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Kairat Ospanov ◽  
Timur Rakhimov ◽  
Menlibai Myrzakhmetov ◽  
Dariusz Andraka
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Groundwater Aquifer ◽  
Sewage Ponds ◽  
Basic Quality ◽  
The Impact

The paper presents the results of research on the environmental impact of sewage ponds serving the city of Kostanay (Kazakhstan). The scope of the research included the determination of basic quality parameters of raw and treated wastewater, an analysis of the chemical composition of groundwater in the vicinity of sewage ponds, and the analysis of the water quality of the Tobol River. The obtained results indicate that sewage from storage ponds, infiltrating into the ground, caused groundwater pollution in the area of about 100 km2 around the reservoirs. Due to the fact that the groundwater aquifer in the vicinity of sewage ponds feeds the Tobol River, it also affects water quality in the river, which does not meet the requirements for most of the analyzed parameters.

Implementation of Pharmaceutical Care Services for Patients with Hyperlipidemias by Independent Community Pharmacy Practitioners

1997 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 713-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle CH Shibley ◽  
Carol B Pugh
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Community Pharmacy ◽  
Pharmaceutical Care ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Therapeutic Goals ◽  
Care Services ◽  
A Prospective Study

OBJECTIVE: To implement and evaluate pharmaceutical care services for patients with hyperlipidemias in the community pharmacy setting, to evaluate the results of a pharmaceutical care training process for pharmacists by using an assessment quiz, and to measure patient outcomes resulting from provision of pharmaceutical care to patients with hyperlipidemia. DESIGN: A prospective study was conducted over a 1 -year period. Patients served as their own controls. SETTING: Two independent community pharmacies in Richmond, Virginia. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-five adult patients with confirmed dyslipidemias completed the study. INTERVENTIONS: Study pharmacists assessed each patient and assisted in setting therapeutic goals; patients also completed a visit with a registered dietitian. Drug therapy recommendations were made to physicians by the pharmacist when appropriate. Follow-up was scheduled with the pharmacist to ensure positive outcomes and reduce adverse effects. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Fasting lipoprotein profiles were measured initially and at 6 and 12 months. The SF-36 survey, the MacKeigan-Larson satisfaction survey, and a patient opinion survey were administered initially and at the conclusion of the study. RESULTS: Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol values were significantly decreased at 12 months compared with either the baseline or 6-month values (p < 0.02). Significant improvement was found in several domains of the surveys; quality of life, patient satisfaction with pharmacy services, and patient opinions on the role of the pharmacist improved after the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Pharmaceutical care may positively affect lipid values, quality of life, and patient satisfaction.

Preservation of human cell bioassay device for the on-site evaluation of environmental waters

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 355-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Shoji ◽  
Y. Sakai ◽  
A. Sakoda ◽  
M. Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hep G2 ◽  
Environmental Waters ◽  
Water Toxicity ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Site Evaluation ◽  
Daily Water

We have already developed a novel disposable bioassay device based on the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) uptaking activity of human hepatoblastoma Hep G2 cells in our previous work. However, this device is not readily applicable to evaluate river water toxicity on-site because it cannot be preserved for more than one week. In this work, we developed the method for preservation of the device to enable it to be preserved for at least one month. The device can be supplied to individual environmental sites without any facilities for cell culture. We can evaluate river water toxicity by 2 hours of exposure after thawing. Therefore, this kind of device could be a promising tool for daily water quality management.

scholarly journals Analysis on the evolution trend of water resources and water environment in Xiangjiang River basin

2018 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. 02030
Author(s):  
Xingyi Xu ◽  
Chuqiu Xiao ◽  
Chunyan Hu ◽  
Guiyuan Li ◽  
Xiang Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Sudden Change ◽  
Xiangjiang River ◽  
Flood Season ◽  
Xiangjiang River Basin ◽  
Evolution Trend

According to the daily flow data collected by three representative hydrological stations in the Xiangjiang River basin which are the Guiyang station in the upstream section, the Hengshan station in the midstream section, and the Xiangtan station in the downstream section, and the water environment data collected from the Hunan Water Resources Bulletin, Mann-Kendal method was used to analyze the changes of the annual average flow of the Xiangjiang River basin in the past 20 years as well as the variation of water environment quality in the whole year, flood season and non-flood season. Based on these analysis, the evolution trend of water resources and water environment in the Xiangjiang River basin is further forecasted. The results show that the annual runoff of the upper reaches of the Xiangjiang River basin tends to be stable, and the runoff of the middle and lower reaches is decreasing. The water quality of the Xiangjiang River basin got deteriorated from 1996 to 2010. A sudden change occurred around 2012, and the water quality of the basin gradually improved.

Water-Quality Assessment on Butterfly Lake in Guangdong Ocean University, China

2014 ◽  
Vol 675-677 ◽  
pp. 367-370
Author(s):  
Ya Yun Liu ◽  
Zi Kun Chen ◽  
Ke Jun Ren ◽  
Yan Jia ◽  
Yue Xian Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Light Pollution ◽  
Trophic State Index ◽  
Monitoring Time ◽  
National Quality ◽  
Pollution Area

Butterfly Lake provides an important function of ecological environment and campus service for Guangdong Ocean University. Based on the data which were collected in March,May, September and December in 2013, the water environment quality of Butterfly Lake was assessed. The results show that the key pollutant of Butterfly Lake is total phosphorus (TP). The average concentration of TP is worse than the national quality standards for Class V. The water quality appears an obvious difference in different monitoring time. In September the water quality is the best. The average of single parameter pollution index (Sj) is 0.75 and the water quality belongs to good environment area. The average of integrated parameter pollution index (WQI) is 1.76 and the water quality belongs to light pollution area. In December the water quality is the worst. Sj and WQI is 1.14 and 3.14. The water quality belongs to light pollution area and moderate pollution area, respectively. The comprehensive trophic state index is 70.38 in December. The eutrophication level is hyper eutropher. The other monitoring time belongs to middle eutropher. In order to improve the water quality of Butterfly Lake,the valid measure is to strengthen the management of wastewater discharge from the laboratory and the dormitory.

scholarly journals Trends and Disparities in Quality of Diabetes Care in the US: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Shweta Kamat ◽  
Yolene Gousse ◽  
Jagannath Muzumdar ◽  
Anna Gu
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Diabetes Care ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
The United States ◽  
Original Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Diabetes Educator ◽  
Quality Of Diabetes Care

Objectives: To examine trends and disparities in the quality of diabetes care among US adults with diabetes. Methods: Individuals aged 20 years or older with diabetes from NHANES (1999-2016) were included in the study. Quality indicators for diabetes care included Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) < 8%, Blood Pressure (BP) < 130/80 mm Hg, Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL-C) < 100 mg/dL, triglycerides < 150 mg/dL, receiving eye and foot examinations in the past year, and meeting with a diabetes educator in the past year. Results: A total of 7,521 adults with diabetes were identified. During the 18-year study period, significant improvements in diabetes care were observed in the overall study sample. Adjusted regression analyses showed that compared with their White counterparts, Blacks were more likely to have received eye (OR=1.37; P=0.01) and foot (OR=1.42;P=0.01) examinations and met a diabetes educator (OR=1.40;P<0.01) over the past year. However, Blacks were significantly less likely to achieve treatment goals for HbA1c (OR=0.77, P=0.02), BP (OR=0.75, P<0.01), LDL-C (OR=0.68, P<0.01). Hispanics in general had suboptimal healthcare utilization for diabetes but the Hispanic-white disparities in diabetes care outcomes were attenuated after controlling for patient sociodemographic, clinical and utilization characteristics. Overall, suboptimal quality of diabetes care were particularly prominent among adults without health insurance and those with lower educational attainment. Conclusions: In the United States, despite persistent efforts, racial disparities in quality of diabetes care still persist. Lack of health insurance and lower socioeconomic status are among the strongest predictors of poor quality of diabetes care. These findings provide valuable information in developing policies and practices to promote racial equity in diabetes care.    Article Type: Original Research

scholarly journals Carcass quality and economic benefit of New Zealand White rabbit bucks fed processed mucuna pruriens

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 100-110
Author(s):  
J. S. Ekpo
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Low Density

The concern of people about nutritional quality and healthy eating make them to reduce meat consumption due to the fear of hypercholesterolemia. Against this background, there is need to incorporate cholesterol-reducing feed stuff into diets of meat producing animals. This study was therefore carried out to evaluate the performance as well as carcass quality of rabbits fed diets containing processed Mucuna seed meal (MSM) for 84 days. A total of 45 rabbit bucks (New Zealand White) of six weeks old were divided into three treatment groups of 15 rabbits each. Each treatment group was replicated thrice with five rabbits per replicate. The rabbit groups were randomly assigned to three treatment diets in a completely randomized design: The three experimental diets were formulated such that Mucuna pruriens seed (processed by soaking and boiling) replaced maize at 0, 20 and 30% as T1, T2 and T3 respectively. T1 served as the control without Mucuna Pruriens. Data were collected on feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, carcass traits and meat lipid profile viz: total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL). Result obtained revealed that rabbits on mucuna-based diets (T2 and T3) had significant (P<0.05) increase in feed intake and weight gain than rabbits on diet T1 (control). Similarly, carcass characteristics of the animals fed mucuna-based diets showed significant (P<0.05) increase in dressed weight, dressing percentage, cut parts (fore leg, hind leg, loin, thoracic cage) except organ (liver, kidney. heart, lungs) weights which were comparable to rabbits fed control diet. Significant (P<0.05) improvement in meat quality in terms of increase in HDL, protein, muscle, meat to bone ratio and reduction in TC, TG, LDL, VLDL and fat were obtained for the rabbit fed the mucuna-based diets. Economy of production indicated that cost of feed consumed and cost per weight gain reduced for rabbits fed MSM compared to those fed control diet. The results of the trial have shown that processed MSM can be used to substitute maize in diet up to 30% for improved performance, carcass traits and meat quality of rabbit bucks.     Les préoccupations des gens au sujet de la qualité nutritionnelle et d'une alimentation saine les font réduire la consommation de viande en raison de la crainte de l'hypercholestérolémie. Dans ce contexte, il est nécessaire d'incorporer des aliments pour animaux réducteurs de cholestérol dans les régimes alimentaires des animaux producteurs de viande. Cette étude a donc été réalisée pour évaluer la performance ainsi que la qualité de carcasse des lapins nourris à des régimes contenant des farines de graines de Mucuna transformées (le 'MSM') pendant 84 jours. Un total de 45 mâles de lapin (New Zealand White) de six semaines ont été divisés en trois groupes de traitement de 15 lapins chacun. Chaque groupe de traitement a été répliqué trois fois avec cinq lapins par réplique. Les groupes de lapins ont été assignés au hasard à trois régimes de traitement dans une conception complètement randomisée : Les trois régimes expérimentaux ont été formulés de telle sorte que les graines pruriens de Mucuna (traitées par trempage et ébullition) ont remplacé le maïs à 0, 20 et 30% comme T1, T2 et T3 respectivement. T1 a servi de contrôle sans Mucuna Pruriens. Des données ont été recueillies sur la consommation d'aliments pour animaux, le gain de poids, le rapport de conversion des aliments pour animaux, les traits de carcasse et le profil lipidique de la viande viz : cholestérol total (le 'TC'), triglycéride (le 'TG'), lipoprotéine de basse densité (le 'LDL'), lipoprotéine de très faible densité (le 'VLDL') et lipoprotéine de haute densité (le 'HDL'). Le résultat obtenu a révélé que les lapins qui suivreaient un régime à base de mucuna (T2 et T3) avaient une augmentation significative (P<0.05) de la consommation d'aliments pour animaux et du gain de poids que les lapins au régime T1 (contrôle). De même, les caractéristiques de carcasse des animaux nourris à base de mucuna ont montré une augmentation significative (P<0.05) du poids habillé, du pourcentage d'habillage, des parties coupées (jambe avant, patte arrière, longe, cage thoracique) à l'exception des poids des organes (foie, rein, cœur, poumons) comparables aux lapins nourris au régime de contrôle. Une amélioration significative (P<0.05) de la qualité de la viande en termes d'augmentation de la HDL, des protéines, des muscles, du rapport viande/os et de la réduction du TC, du TG, du LDL, du VLDL et de la graisse a été obtenue pour le lapin nourri aux régimes à base de mucuna. L'économie de production a indiqué que le coût des aliments consommés et le coût par gain de poids réduit pour les lapins nourris aux 'MSM' par rapport à ceux nourris régime de contrôle. Les résultats de l'essai ont montré que les 'MSM' transformés peuvent être utilisés pour remplacer le maïs dans l'alimentation jusqu'à 30 % par une meilleure performance, des caractéristiques de carcasse et la qualité de la viande des mâles lapins.

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