scholarly journals 人工智能批判的話語悖論

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-137
Author(s):  
Fen LIN
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Medical Accident ◽  
The Relationship

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract in English only.In the dominant discourse of the "human–machine relationship," people and machines are the subjects, with a mutually shaping influence. However, this framework neglects the crux of the current critical analysis of AI. It reduces the problems with new technology to the relationship between people and machines, ignoring the re-shaping of the relationship between "people and people" in the era of new technology. This simplification may mislead policy and legal regulations for new technologies. Why would a robot killing cause more panic than a murder committed by a human? Why is a robot's misdiagnosis more troubling than a doctor's? Why do patients assume that machines make more accurate diagnoses than doctors? When a medical accident occurs, who is responsible for the mistakes of an intelligent medical system? In the framework of traditional professionalism, the relationship between doctors and patients, whether trusted or not, is based on the premise that doctors have specialized knowledge that patients do not possess. Therefore, the authority of a doctor is the authority of knowledge. In the age of intelligence, do machines provide information or knowledge? Can this strengthen or weaken the authority of doctors? It is likely that in the age of intelligence, the professionalism, authority and trustworthiness of doctors require a new knowledge base. Therefore, the de-skilling of doctors is not an issue of individual doctors, but demands an update of the knowledge of the entire industry. Recognizing this, policy makers must not focus solely on the use of machines, but take a wider perspective, considering how to promote the development of doctors and coordinate the relationship between doctors with different levels of knowledge development. We often ask, "In the era of intelligence, what defines a human?" This philosophical thinking should be directed toward not only the difference between machines and people as individuals, but also how the relationship between human beings, i.e., the social nature of humans, evolves in different technological environments. In short, this commentary stresses that a "good" machine or an "evil" machine—beyond the sci-fi romance of such discourse—reflects the evolution of the relationships between people. In today's smart age, the critical issue is not the relationship between people and machines. It is how people adjust their relationships with other people as machines become necessary tools in life. In the era of intelligence, therefore, our legislation, policy and ethical discussion should resume their focus on evolutionary relationships between people.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 41 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.

ICT and Agricultural Cooperatives

2013 ◽  
pp. 180-199
Author(s):  
Yolanda Montegut-Salla ◽  
Eduard Cristóbal-Fransi ◽  
Maria Jesús Gómez-Adillón
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Commerce ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Business Models ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Social Economy ◽  
Agricultural Cooperatives ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Social ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Relationship

New technologies in information and communication technology are significantly impacting traditional business models, demonstrating how the relationship between the company and its corresponding value chain is changing in recent years due to the new possibilities they offer. The aim of this chapter is to analyze the current situation of Internet usage and electronic commerce in agri-food cooperatives in the province of Lleida, Spain. To this end, a questionnaire was completed by olive oil and sweet fruit cooperatives in 2010 that addressed the following aspects: computer equipment, Internet connection and presence, and finally, the level of electronic commerce. The results provide information on aspects to consider for ensuring that agricultural cooperatives take full advantage of the opportunities offered by new technologies, resulting in a useful tool for the managers of these organizations as well as for policy makers concerned with encouraging and promoting the social economy.

ON-FARM INNOVATION IN THE AUSTRALIAN WOOL INDUSTRY: A SENSEMAKING PERSPECTIVE

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOANNE N. SNEDDON ◽  
GEOFFREY N. SOUTAR ◽  
TIM MAZZAROL
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Agricultural Innovation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Australian Wool ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Wool Industry

SUMMARYIn agricultural innovation, the success of widely used technologies is often assumed to have been inevitable. Conversely, the blame for the failure of new technologies that researchers, policy makers and extensionists consider superior to existing solutions is often placed on farmers. However, these assumptions can be challenged by taking a social-constructivist view of on-farm innovation to examine how and why farmers made sense of new technologies and how this sensemaking shaped their use of these technologies over time. The present study took such an approach in its analysis of Australian woolgrowers’ adoption, abandonment, implementation and use of new wool-testing technologies that highlighted the social and dynamic nature of innovation on-farm. On-farm innovation in this case was an evolving, dynamic process that changed over time as woolgrowers made sense of new technologies. The primary message to agricultural innovation researchers, technology developers, policy makers and extensionists is that successful on-farm innovation requires the active, ongoing engagement of industry participants. In order to engage industry participants in the innovation process, sensemakers’ personal identity frames and social context, and how these interpretation frameworks relate to the new technology need to be understood.

When and how can advocacy groups promote new technologies? Conditions and strategies for effectiveness

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Eun Kim ◽  
Johannes Urpelainen
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Advocacy Groups ◽  
End User ◽  
Game Theoretic Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Dual Strategy ◽  
Game Theoretic ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractWhen and how can advocacy groups influence the diffusion of new technologies, such as wind power? We examine the relationship between two different strategies that advocacy groups can adopt: political lobbying and campaigns aimed at potential end users of the new technology. Our game-theoretic analysis shows that without the opportunity to engage in political lobbying, end user campaigns by an advocacy group have the counterproductive effect of reducing the government's incentive to subsidise the new technology. Instead of supporting the advocacy group's campaigning, the government free rides on the social movement's campaigning efforts. While political lobbying cannot prevent free riding, it increases the government's incentive to subsidise the new technology, and thus increases the advocacy group's payoff. These findings suggest that advocacy groups can promote technology diffusion if they can effectively deploy a dual strategy of political lobbying and end user campaigning.

scholarly journals NEW TRAINING TECHNOLOGIES AND THEIR USE IN TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES: SURVEY EVIDENCE FROM LITHUANIA

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilmantė Kumpikaitė ◽  
Ramunė Čiarnienė
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource Development ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Resistance To Change ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
Management And Development ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
The Relationship

There is emerging evidence that new technologies are related to improvements in productivity. Nevertheless, in considering the relationship between new technology and productivity, it is vital to consider human resource management and development issues due to their mediating effects on the relationship between new technology and productivity. This paper focuses on training technologies, especially e‐learning. The increasing use of new technologies to deliver training and to store and communicate knowledge means that trainers must be technologically literate. That is, they must understand the strengths and weaknesses of new technologies and implementation issues such as overcoming users’ resistance to change. The paper reports the findings of a study of 724 Lithuanian employees, which revealed relatively weak usage of new technologies and e‐learning in human resource development processes.

scholarly journals Constitutional democracy and technology in the age of artificial intelligence

2018 ◽  
Vol 376 (2133) ◽  
pp. 20180089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Nemitz
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Constitutional Democracy ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Internet Economy ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
Technological Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Given the foreseeable pervasiveness of artificial intelligence (AI) in modern societies, it is legitimate and necessary to ask the question how this new technology must be shaped to support the maintenance and strengthening of constitutional democracy. This paper first describes the four core elements of today's digital power concentration, which need to be seen in cumulation and which, seen together, are both a threat to democracy and to functioning markets. It then recalls the experience with the lawless Internet and the relationship between technology and the law as it has developed in the Internet economy and the experience with GDPR before it moves on to the key question for AI in democracy, namely which of the challenges of AI can be safely and with good conscience left to ethics, and which challenges of AI need to be addressed by rules which are enforceable and encompass the legitimacy of democratic process, thus laws. The paper closes with a call for a new culture of incorporating the principles of democracy, rule of law and human rights by design in AI and a three-level technological impact assessment for new technologies like AI as a practical way forward for this purpose. This article is part of a theme issue ‘Governing artificial intelligence: ethical, legal, and technical opportunities and challenges’.

scholarly journals A study on small-world characteristics of Chinaäó»s high-speed railway networks

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Yuan ◽  
Guo Liu ◽  
Kun Hui Ye
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Small World ◽  
Clustering Coefficient ◽  
High Speed Rail ◽  
Attribute Data ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Space Method

The small-world model provides a useful perspective and method to study the topological structure and intrinsic characteristics of high-speed rail networks (HRNs). In this paper, the P-space method is used to examine global and local HRNs in China, meanwhile the adjacency matrix is developed, then the social network analysis and visualization tool UCINET is used to calculate the spatial and attribute data of HRNs at national and local levels in China. The small-world characteristics of whole HRNs are discussed, three networks which have different properties are determined, and a comparative analysis of the small-world effect is detected. Then, the relationship between the construction of high-speed rail and regional development of China is analysed. The results show that: 1) China's HRNs have small average path length ( L ) and large clustering coefficient (C ), representing a typical small-world network; 2) Local HRNs have a certain correlation with economic development. The reasons for the difference of HRNs with respect to characteristics among regions are eventually discussed.

scholarly journals Kesantunan dalam Ritual Pernikahan Masyarakat Hindu-Bali; Kajian Etnopsikolingustik Religius

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Kadek Devi Kalfika Anggria Wardani
Keyword(s):  
Social Distance ◽  
The People ◽  
Observation Methods ◽  
The Social ◽  
Politeness Strategies ◽  
Hindu Community ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Traditional Marriage ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Speech Situation

The study which is descriptive qualitative in nature, aims to investigate preference of politeness strategies by Balinese Hindu-community in traditional marriage ritual. Data was collected using interview and observation methods. Based on the results of data analysis, this research shows that the form of politeness that arises can be seen in terms of place, time, to the leaders of the people, during preparation, implementation, disclosure of the relationship with the Almighty, and after the completion of the ritual. The different forms of politeness that emerge can be seen from the use of Balinese in various levels which are adjusted to the social distance and speech situation. Besides being seen from the use of language, linguistic politeness is also evident from the attitude, intonation, and tone of the speaker. The difference in the form of politeness is intentionally raised to cause certain psychological impacts on the interlocutor.

The Contemporary Reception of St Thomas on Law and Politics

2021 ◽  
pp. 611-625
Author(s):  
Michael Pakaluk
Keyword(s):  
Private Property ◽  
Political Liberalism ◽  
Political Society ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
Law And Politics ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Right

The reception of Thomistic political and legal philosophy is considered with respect to what is called ‘political liberalism’. The appeal to a hypothetical state of nature should be rejected, as it misconstrues the social nature of human beings. Aquinas’ account of the origin of political society starts from an interpretation of human nature. On this basis one can account for human rights, the importance of the right to religious liberty, the family as the basic cell of society, civil society as including subsidiary authorities, the importance of private property, and the nature and role of freedom. A key question for the continued flourishing of a free society is what practically enables persons to govern for the genuine good of others.

Computer Mediated Collaboration

2009 ◽  
pp. 27-45
Author(s):  
Barrie Jo Price
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Engaged Learning ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
Technology Applications ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Computer-mediated collaboration is examined through the lenses of societal change and the dynamic nature of technology. Trends and contributing factors are reviewed in the context of the difference between going to work and doing work and the implications for collaboration using technology to overcome distance and time. The demand to work in situations where propinquity does not define the relationship of information, resources, and managerial structure is reviewed. The confluence of social changes and new technologies is examined including the emergence of Web 2.0. Four themes are explored as subsets of computer-mediated collaboration: peer review, engaged learning, consensus building and self-reflection. Technology applications related to these themes are addressed. There is a brief section on the future in which emerging technologies are explored as they relate to computer-mediated collaboration, especially mobile devices and other technologies that represent a merger of existing tool sets.

Computer Mediated Collaboration

2011 ◽  
pp. 508-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barrie Jo Price
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Engaged Learning ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
Technology Applications ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Computer-mediated collaboration is examined through the lenses of societal change and the dynamic nature of technology. Trends and contributing factors are reviewed in the context of the difference between going to work and doing work and the implications for collaboration using technology to overcome distance and time. The demand to work in situations where propinquity does not define the relationship of information, resources, and managerial structure is reviewed. The confluence of social changes and new technologies is examined including the emergence of Web 2.0. Four themes are explored as subsets of computer-mediated collaboration: peer review, engaged learning, consensus building and self-reflection. Technology applications related to these themes are addressed. There is a brief section on the future in which emerging technologies are explored as they relate to computer-mediated collaboration, especially mobile devices and other technologies that represent a merger of existing tool sets.

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