Methanol extract from kesambi (Schleichera oleosa (L.) oken) stem bark as a natural antioxidant to increase crude palm oil (CPO) quality

The content of active compounds in methanol extract of kesambi stem bark (Scheleicera oleosa) is known to have good antioxidant activity. Methanol extract of kesambi stem bark contain flavonoid and fenolic compounds. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the methanol extract of kesambi in inhibiting the oxidation of crude palm oil (CPO). In this study, the extraction of kesambi stem bark was carried out with methanol solvent. Antioxidant activity test of methanol extract of kesambi using the DPPH method. The parameters observed were free fatty acids (FFA) values, acids value, and DOBI (Deterioration of Bleachability Index). The used concentration of natural antioxidant were 200; 400; 600; 800 and 1000 ppm. Based on the results of this study, the natural antioxidant of methanol extract of Kesambi stem bark (Schleichera oleosa) can reduce levels of free fatty acid numbers, acid value, and DOBI value. Actioxidant activity methanol extract of kesambi stem bark shown IC50 42.092 ppm. The lowest FFA levels and acid numbers were obtained from samples with addition of 1000 ppm natural antioxidants with free fatty acid (4.1%), acid value (7.7 mg KOH/g) while the DOBI value increased to 1.331. Furthermore, FFA value meets the CPO quality standard, according to SNI-01-2901-2006.

Download Full-text

Effects of Acid Catalyst Types and Concentrations on Free Fatty Acid Reduction in Mixed Crude Palm Oil Using Continuous Static Mixer

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.446-447.1523 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 446-447 ◽

pp. 1523-1527

Author(s):

Krit Somnuk ◽

Gumpon Prateepchaikul

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Free Fatty Acid ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Catalyst Concentration ◽

Acid Catalyst ◽

Acid Value ◽

Esterification Reaction ◽

Static Mixer ◽

Crude Palm Oil ◽

Mixed Crude

Free fatty acid (FFA) in mixed crude palm oil (MCPO) must be reduced to less than 1 wt.% or 2 mgKOH.g-1of acid value by the acid-catalyzed esterification process when the base-catalyzed transesterification was used to produce the biodiesel for the two-stage process. This study was to investigate the effects of acid catalyst types: sulfuric acid (H2SO4), phosphoric acid (H3PO4), and hydrochloric acid (HCL) at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 vol.% of acid catalyst concentration on the reduction of acid value in MCPO by the continuous static mixer. Results indicated that H2SO4has the most significant variable affecting the acid value in MCPO. The acid catalyst concentration of 1.0 and 1.5 vol.% H2SO4can reduce the acid value to less than 2 mgKOH.g-1with 15 vol.% of methanol and 5-meter in the length of static mixer, while both H3PO4and HCL could not reduce the acid value was reduced to less than 2 mgKOH.g-1. Moreover, the results clearly indicated that HCL has the lowest significance effect on the acid value reduction in MCPO by the esterification reaction.

Download Full-text

The physicochemical and thermal properties of Malaysian high free fatty acid crude palm oil

10.1063/1.4966740 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Murad Awadh Bahadi ◽

Jumat Salimon ◽

Abd-Wali M. Japir

Keyword(s):

Thermal Properties ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Free Fatty Acid ◽

Palm Oil ◽

High Free Fatty Acid ◽

Crude Palm Oil

Download Full-text

Modeling of Glycerolysis Kinetic of Free Fatty Acid in Crude Palm Oil

IOP Conference Series Materials Science and Engineering ◽

10.1088/1757-899x/1053/1/012110 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1053 (1) ◽

pp. 012110

Author(s):

N Suriaini ◽

A Raaf ◽

N Arpi ◽

Y Syamsuddin ◽

M D Supardan

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Free Fatty Acid ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Crude Palm Oil

Download Full-text

Pemurnian diasilgliserol dari produk gliserolisis minyak sawit mentah dengan kromatografi kolom Purification of diacylglycerol from glycerolysis products of crude palm oil using column chromatography

E-Journal Menara Perkebunan ◽

10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v79i1.71 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 79 (1) ◽

Author(s):

. TRI-PANJI ◽

. SUHARYANTO ◽

Urip PERWITASAR

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Free Fatty Acid ◽

Stationary Phase ◽

Column Chromatography ◽

Palm Oil ◽

High Purity ◽

Rhizopus Oryzae ◽

Optimal Concentration ◽

Crude Palm Oil ◽

Scale Experiment

AbstractVegetable oil enriched with diacylglycerol (DAG) isknown as healthy oil. This oil is much more expensive thancooking oil. Production of DAG could be performed byglycerolysis process of CPO using specific lipase of 1,3-glyceride from Rhizopus oryzae mold. Product derived fromglycerolysis process of CPO is a mixture of DAG, mono-acylglycerol (MAG), free fatty acid (FFA) and residual ofunglycerolysed triacylglyserol (TAG). Therefore the DAGproduct has to be isolated from other components in order toget high purity of DAG. The objective of the research was topurify and to find out optimal concentration of DAG derivedfrom a mixture product of CPO glycerolysis at laboratoryscale experiment (total reactant for glycerolysis was93.8 mL) and semipilot scale experiment (10 times oflaboratory scale) using column chromatography with silicagel as stationary phase. The research showed that thehighest DAG content could be collected at fraction of 26 th i.e65%, while at semipilot scale experiment the highest contentof DAG (97%) was achieved at 64 to 66th fraction.Reglycerolysis of residual CPO only yielded 8.24%glycerolysis product which was much lower than that of thefirst glycerolysis reaching 46.67%. The highest DAG derivedfrom the second reglycerolysis product was achieved at 24 thfraction reaching 35.71 % .AbstrakMinyak nabati kaya kandungan diasilgliserol (DAG)dikenal sebagai minyak sehat (healthy oil). Minyak ini jauhlebih mahal dari minyak makan biasa. Produksi DAG dapatdilakukan dengan proses gliserolisis CPO menggunakanenzim lipase spesifik 1,3-gliserida dari kapang Rhizopusoryzae. Produk gliserolisis CPO triasilgliserol adalahcampuran DAG, monoasilgliserol (MAG) dan asam lemakbebas (ALB) serta residu triasilgliserol (TAG) yang tidaktergliserolisis. Oleh karena itu DAG yang terbentuk harusdipisahkan dari komponen lainnya agar diperoleh fraksi DAGdengan kemurnian tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmemurnikan dan menetapkan konsentrasi DAG yang dapatdiperoleh dari gliserolisis CPO skala lab (total reaktan93,8 mL) dan skala semipilot (10 kali skala laboratorium)dengan kromatografi kolom menggunakan fase padat silikagel. Residu TAG dari gliserolisis pertama digunakan untukgliserolisis kedua atau gliserolisis ulang. Hasil penelitianmenunjukkan bahwa fraksi DAG dengan konsentrasitertinggi diperoleh pada fraksi ke-26 yaitu sebesar 65%,sedangkan pada percobaan dengan skala semipilot (10 kaliskala laboratorium) diketahui bahwa konsentrasi DAGtertinggi (97%) diperoleh pada fraksi ke-64 sampai denganke-66. Gliserolisis kedua dari residu CPO hanya mampumenghidrolisis TAG menjadi campuran DAG, MAG danALB sekitar 8,24%, lebih kecil dari reaksi gliserolisispertama yaitu sebesar 46,67%. DAG tertinggi yang berhasildikumpulkan dari produk gliserolisis kedua adalah padafraksi ke-24 yaitu sebesar 35,71% .

Download Full-text

ANALISIS KUALITAS OLEIN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE SQC DI PT. INDUSTRI NABATI LESTARI

Industrial Engineering Journal ◽

10.53912/iej.v10i2.678 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Syarifuddin Syarifuddin ◽

Fachri Nanda Aulia ◽

Cut Ita Erliana

Keyword(s):

Quality Control ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Free Fatty Acid ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Iodine Value ◽

Statistical Quality Control ◽

Crude Palm Oil ◽

Statistical Quality

PT. Industri Nabati Lestari, perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang pengolahan CPO (crude palm oil) menjadi minyak goreng (olein) dan memiliki produk sampingan dari hasil pengolahan yaitu stearin dan PFAD. Permasalahan yang didapati hasil uji laboratorium pada perusahaan menunjukkan kualitas olein masih berbeda - beda. Hal ini menunjukkan kualitas pengolahan olein yang dihasilkan ternyata tidak konsisten, sesuai dengan standar yang ditetapkan perusahaan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengadakan pengukuran terhadap kadar colour (red), FFA (free fatty acid) dan IV (Iodine Value). Data tersebut kemudian dianalisis menggunakan metode Statistical Quality Control (SQC) menggunakan peta kendali rata - rata (x), peta kendali range (R), dan perhitungan kapabilitas proses, dilanjutkan dengan membuat diagram sebab akibat (cause-effect) untuk mengetahui penyebab produk yang berada diluar batas kendali. Hasil pengolahan data menunjukkan bahwa kadar Colour dan kadar FFA (Free Fatty Acid) sudah berada dalam batas kendali sedangkan kadar Iodine Value (IV) terdapat 2 data dari 30 data yang tidak memenuhi standar mutu. Berdasarkan hasil analisa yang di lakukkan dengan diagram sebab akibat, dapat diidentifikasi faktor - faktor penyebab kekurangan kualitas pada kadar IV (Iodine Value) seperti faktor metode yaitu pergantian resep yang tidak akurat, faktor manusia yaitu kurangnya kontrol dalam mengoperasikan mesin.

Download Full-text

UTILIZATION OF SEED EXTRACTS FROM AVOCADO (Persea americana MILL) TO REDUCE OF FREE FATTY ACID CONTENS IN CRUDE PALM OIL

Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit ◽

10.22302/10.22302/iopri.jur.jpks.v24i2.12 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 97-102

Author(s):

Eka Nuryanto ◽

Iput Pradiko ◽

Zulfi Prima Sani Nasution

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Free Fatty Acid ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Persea Americana ◽

Crude Palm Oil ◽

F Test ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Lower Free Fatty Acid ◽

Seed Extracts

Mixing Crude Palm Oil (CPO) with high and lower Free Fatty Acid (FFA) is a technique to reduce FFA in CPO. Avocado Seeds Extract (ASE) was expected to reduce the FFA. This study was conducted to test the ability of ASE on reducing ALB in CPO. The variable in this study is ASE solution (0-50 ml). The whole treatment were conducted at same level of o temperatur 60 C, stirring speed (400 rpm) and reaction time (60 minutes). The research was employed non factorial Completely Randomized Design. Statistical analysis was performed using F Test along with Duncan Test. The results showed that addition of ASE can reduce FFA. The results of F Test showed that the addition of 25 ml ASE is the most effective for reduction ALB content (4.65 % to 0.22 %) in CPO.

Download Full-text

D-optimal Design Optimization for the Separation of Oleic Acid from Malaysian High Free Fatty Acid Crude Palm Oil Fatty Acids Mixture Using Urea Complex Fractionation

Applied Science and Engineering Progress ◽

10.14416/j.asep.2021.03.004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Murad Bahadi ◽

Nadia Salih ◽

Jumat Salimon

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Oleic Acid ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Free Fatty Acid ◽

Vegetable Oils ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Low Cost ◽

High Free Fatty Acid ◽

Urea Complex ◽

Crude Palm Oil

Oleic acid (OA) rich vegetable oils is important for the daily essential dietary oils intake but restrict to particular oil such as olive oil. However OA enrichment to other vegetable oil such as palm oil is always possible. OA can be obtained from cheap resources such as high free fatty acid crude palm oil (HFFA-CPO). OA concentrate from HFFA-CPO fatty acids mixture requires efficient and low cost technique. Urea complex crystallization fractionation is a classic method for fractionating saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids from polyunsaturated fatty acids of many vegetable oils. In this work, the separation and purification of oleic acid (OA) from unsaturated fatty acids mixture fraction (USFA) of HFFA-CPO fatty acids mixture by urea complex fractionation (UCF) was studied. The crystallization reaction conditions of urea inclusion for the non-urea complex fraction (NUCF) were optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM) and the optimal model was developed. The results showed high content of OA (88%) in urea complex fraction (UCF) with 86% yield at optimal conditions of urea-to-USFAs ratio of 4.62 : 1 (w/w), crystallization temperature at –10°C and crystallization time of 24 h. The results have demonstrated that urea complex crystallization fractionation method is a very effective with low cost, stable, obtainable, and comparatively ease to recover of OA from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) of an oil fatty acids mixture. Pure OA is plausible to be used back for the OA enrichment modification into palm oil for new dietary oil.

Download Full-text