scholarly journals Kinetic model of aerobic Agro Strain Growth under Constant Magnetic Field in Batch system

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Sahar Imad Mohammed ◽  
Ammar Waadallah Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Specific Growth Rate ◽  
Constant Magnetic Field ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Growth Rate Constant ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Batch System ◽  
The Impact

The specific growth rate is a key control parameter in the industrial production of any microorganism. In this study we investigated an effect of the direct impact constant magnetic field in aerobic batch system of microorganism kinetic growth. Agro type was used in this study, with motor oil as a substrate compound in mineral salts solution. Analysis regarded the impact of constant magnetic field for the Agro growth in specific growth rate in batch system. The experiment was carried out in the laboratory scale with use of technological system comprised of magnetic activator of culture. By experiment, Cultures of Agro were grown in a magnetic field (330 Gauss) for 12 hr; where an obvious increasing in quantity of viable count of cells was achieved against time with impact constant magnetic field. This value was found equal to 14250 cfu with degradation in substrate from 0.439 to 0.338 ml/150ml during 7 hours; on the other hand control media was found 7125 cfu with degradation in substrate form 0.439 to 0.428 ml/150ml during 7 hours. Monod equation was applied to determine the Monod's constant value (Ks) for exposure experiments and was found equal to 0.388 ml/150ml at maximum specific growth rate constant 0.142 h-1. The doubling time of growth for agro Strain was determined and was found equal 4.6 hours.

scholarly journals Bottleneck Size-Dependent Changes in the Genetic Diversity and Specific Growth Rate of a Rotavirus A Strain

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syun-suke Kadoya ◽  
Syun-ichi Urayama ◽  
Takuro Nunoura ◽  
Miho Hirai ◽  
Yoshihiro Takaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Specific Growth Rate ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Viral Population ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Bottleneck Effect ◽  
Rotavirus A ◽  
Hidden Layer ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTRNA viruses form a dynamic distribution of mutant swarm (termed “quasispecies”) due to the accumulation of mutations in the viral genome. The genetic diversity of a viral population is affected by several factors, including a bottleneck effect. Human-to-human transmission ex-emplifies a bottleneck effect in that only part of a viral population can reach the next susceptible hosts. In the present study, the rhesus rotavirus (RRV) strain of Rotavirus A was serially passaged five times at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.1 or 0.001 in duplicate (the 1st and 2nd lineages), and three phenotypes (infectious titer, cell binding ability and specific growth rate) were used to evaluate the impact of a bottleneck effect on the RRV population. The specific growth rate values of lineages passaged under the stronger bottleneck (MOI of 0.001) were higher after five passages. The nucleotide diversity also increased, which indicated that the mutant swarms of the lineages under the stronger bottleneck effect were expanded through the serial passages. The random distribution of synonymous and non-synonymous substitutions on rotaviral genome segments indicated that almost all mutations were selectively neutral. Simple simulations revealed that the presence of minor mutants could influence the specific growth rate of a population in a mutant frequency-dependent manner. These results indicate that a stronger bottleneck effect can create more sequence spaces for minor mutants originally existing in a hidden layer of mutant swarm.IMPORTANCEIn this study, we investigated a bottleneck effect on an RRV population, which may drastically impact a viral population structure. RRV populations were serially passaged under two levels of a bottleneck effect, which exemplified a human-to-human transmission. As a result, the genetic diversity and specific growth rate of RRV populations increased under the stronger bottleneck effect, which implied that a bottleneck could create a new sequence space in a population for minor mutants originally existing in a hidden layer of a mutant swarm of the double-stranded RNA virus. The results of this study suggest that the genetic drift caused by a bottleneck in a human-to-human transmission explains the random appearance of new genetic lineages causing viral outbreaks, which can be expected by the molecular epidemiology using next generation sequencing in which the viral genetic diversity within a viral population is investigated.

Features of growth and development of egg cross chicken embryos «Lomann Brown»

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
M. Chelnokova ◽  
A. Chelnokov
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Specific Growth Rate ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Allometric Growth ◽  
Chicken Embryos ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fetal Stage

Purpose: to study morphometric parameters of absolute values of linear and weight body sizes, specific growth rate and relative (allometric) growth of chicken embryos of the «Lohmann Brown» egg cross at different stages of embryogenesis.Materials and methods. The absolute values of linear and weight body sizes of chicken embryos were estimated using morphometric methods. The formula of I. I. Schmalhausen and S. Brody was calculated the specific growth rate of length and body weight of chicken embryos by the formula simple allometry — relative (allometric) growth of body length from body mass.Results. This is manifested in the increase in the specific growth rate of body length of the embryo at 5 days of the late-fetal stage, 8th, 10th, 12th day of the early-fetal stage and specific growth rate of body mass for 6 days of the late-fetal stage of the late-fetal stage, 10-th and 12-th day of the early-fetal stage. At all stages of embryo development, there is a negative allometry of the relative growth rate of the embryo body length, except for 14 days of the mid-fetal stage, where negative isometry was observed (b=-1,000). Higher values of the power coefficient reflecting the slower growth of the embryo in length relative to their body weight, observed in late-fetal stage at 5-6 days (b=0,913-0,995), in early-fetal stage — 10-e (b=0,960) and 12 days (b=0,928), in mid-fetal stage — 13-th (b=0,821) and 15 days (b=0,981) and late-fetal stage — 20 days (b=0,836).Conclusion. New knowledge derived from this study can be applied not only in research, but in the poultry industry to assess the impact of preincubation processing of eggs on the development of embryos and embryonic mortality at different stages of embryogenesis, the definition of normal and abnormal development of embryos, as well as to assess the impact of other factors, artificial incubation on embryo development, hatchability of eggs and safety of poultry.

Impact of Nitrogen Source on the Growth, Specific Growth Rate and Lipid Synthesis of Monoraphidium sp.FXY-10 under Different Culture Conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Ke Ding ◽  
Tao Li ◽  
Peng Zhao ◽  
Lin Wang ◽  
Xu Ya Yu
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Specific Growth Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Maximum Biomass ◽  
The Impact

The NaNO3concentration influencing the growth and lipid synthesis ofMonoraphidiumsp.FXY-10 under three cultures (autotrophy, heterotrophy and mixotrophy) was studied through flask-shaking experiment. Additionally, the impact of nitrogen source on the growth and lipid content ofMonoraphidiumsp.FXY-10 was investigated. The NaNO3concentration for maximum biomass and highest lipid content ofMonoraphidiumsp.FXY-10 was obtained and the optimal conditions for its N absorption were concluded through the Andrew model.

scholarly journals NOVEL MATHEMATICAL MODELS FOR PREDICTION OF MICROBIAL GROWTH KINETICS AND CONTAMINANT DEGRADATION IN BIOREMEDIATION PROCESS

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azadeh KHOSHDEL ◽  
Behrooz MAHMOODZADEH VAZIRI
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Specific Growth Rate ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Growth Kinetics ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Growth Rate Constant ◽  
Substrate Consumption ◽  
Contaminant Degradation ◽  
Microbial Growth Kinetics

Bioremediation is defined as a process, which involves decomposition of organic pollutant compounds available in soil and water resources into safe and eco-friendly materials, like water and CO2, by the microorganisms. In the present article, mathematical modeling of the bioremediation process was conducted comprehensively, and new models proposed for the microbial growth kinetics and substrate consumption (contaminant degradation). Accordingly, six kinetic models were suggested for the biomass growth and six models for the substrate consumption. Moreover, two models were considered for specific growth rate constant of the microorganisms. Then, model predictions were compared to and validated by the available experimental data in the literature. According to the obtained results, the microbial growth kinetic model, entitled as “MVKH2”, the substrate (contaminant) consumption model, entitled as “MVKH2s”, and the Aiba specific growth rate constant model had the best performance and the least error value in predicting the bioremediation process. Results achieved from this study are a promising beginning for practical and experimental works.

UV radiation - a threat to Antarctic benthic marine diatoms?

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Wulff ◽  
Katharina Zacher ◽  
Dieter Hanelt ◽  
Adil Al-Handal ◽  
Christian Wiencke
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Specific Growth Rate ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Cylindrotheca Closterium ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThis investigation was motivated by the lack of ultraviolet radiation (UVR, 280–400 nm) studies on Antarctic benthic marine microalgae. The objective was to estimate the impact of UV-B (280–315 nm) and UV-A (315–400 nm), on photosynthetic efficiency, species composition, cell density and specific growth rate in a semi-natural soft-bottom diatom community. In both experiments, cell density increased over time. The most frequently observed species were Navicula cancellata, Cylindrotheca closterium, Nitzschia spp., and Petroneis plagiostoma. For both experiments, a shift in species composition and a decreased photosystem II (PSII) maximum efficiency (Fv/Fm) over time was observed, irrespective of treatment. UVR significantly reduced Fv/Fm on days 3 and 10 (Expt 1), disappearing on the last sampling date. A similar trend was found in Expt 2. A significant UV effect on cell density was observed in Expt 1 (day 10) but not in Expt 2. No treatment effects on species composition or specific growth rate were found. Thus, the UV effects were transient (photosynthetic efficiency and cell density) and the growth of the benthic diatoms was generally unaffected. Overall, according to our results, UVR does not seem to be a threat to benthic marine Antarctic diatoms.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Oxidative Stress Enzymes of Spawn and Fry of Clarias batrachus (Linn. 1758) Exposed to Artificial UV-B Radiation: A Biomarker Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandal Arghya ◽  
Das Subhas ◽  
Patra Atanu ◽  
Mondal Niladri Sekhar ◽  
Ghosh Apurba Ratan
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Specific Growth Rate ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Clarias Batrachus ◽  
Oxidative Stress Enzymes ◽  
Stress Enzymes ◽  
The Impact

The present study investigated the impact of the artificial exposure of UV-B radiation, based on different time span and intervals, on spawn and fry of Clarias batrachus at the level of oxidative stress enzymes. The spawn and fry of C. batrachus were exposed for time span of 5 and 10 days at a duration of 5, 10 and 15 min per day. The specific growth rate (SGR%), weight gain (%WG) and oxidative stress enzymes, i.e., superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), protein carbonyl (CP), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and trypsin were analysed. The specific growth rate and the per cent weight gain of spawn and fry of C. batrachus were decreased as compared to control. The results of the oxidative stress enzymes, viz., SOD, CAT, GSH and NOS were decreased in both spawn and fry of C. batrachus in comparison to control. CP values were increased for both the spawn and fry as compared to control. Trypsin in spawn and fry decreased gradually. This study has been able to explore the impact of UV -B exposure on spawn and fry of C. batrachus in regard to these oxidative stress enzymes, which can be established as biomarkers in monitoring the UV-B radiation pollution. Finally, it infers that the harmful radiations may cause deterioration in fish health as well as yield, so, UV-B radiation becomes a major concern to the aquaculture industry, especially, with regard to sustainable fish production.

scholarly journals Chronic effects of a monogenean Ligictaluridus floridanus (Ancyrocephalidae) infection on channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) growth performance

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Luis Rábago-Castro ◽  
Jesús Genaro Sánchez-Martínez ◽  
Roberto Pérez-Castañeda ◽  
María de la Luz Vázquez-Sauceda ◽  
Gonzálo Ruiz-Orozco
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Specific Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Ictalurus Punctatus ◽  
Channel Catfish ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chronic Effects ◽  
The Impact

In aquaculture, acute infections may result in fish mortality, but in many cases the chronic effects of infections are not readily detected, and may result in a decrease in fish growth. Ligictaluridus floridanus is a gill monogenean parasite prevalent on channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) farms in Northeastern Mexico. In order to assess and evaluate the impact of the chronic infection with this monogenean, 400 six-month-old catfish fingerlings from a hatchery, with a fork length of 10–15 cm were used in this study. Catfish naturally infected with L. floridanus (parasite abundance was 18) were divided in two groups of 200 fish. One group was treated with formalin, and infection was eliminated during a week, while the other group was not treated, and was used as a control. In total, 111 fish of each group were selected, placed into aquaria, and observed for 12 weeks. Indicators of growth such as fork length, mean weight, condition index, specific growth rate, feed conversion index and feed consumed were assessed. Significant differences (P < 0.05) between the treated group and control were found in the mean weight (127.85 g and 107.63 g) and specific growth rate (1.79 and 1.58), respectively. No significant differences were found in the other growth indicators assessed. We proved that growth performance of channel catfish is affected by infection with L. floridanus, which influence the farm economy. This is the first report on the effect of L. floridanus on the growth performance of channel catfish.

scholarly journals Bottleneck Size-Dependent Changes in the Genetic Diversity and Specific Growth Rate of a Rotavirus A Strain

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syun-suke Kadoya ◽  
Syun-ichi Urayama ◽  
Takuro Nunoura ◽  
Miho Hirai ◽  
Yoshihiro Takaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Specific Growth Rate ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Viral Population ◽  
Sequencing Error ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Bottleneck Effect ◽  
Rotavirus A ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT RNA viruses form a dynamic distribution of mutant swarms (termed “quasispecies”) due to the accumulation of mutations in the viral genome. The genetic diversity of a viral population is affected by several factors, including a bottleneck effect. Human-to-human transmission exemplifies a bottleneck effect, in that only part of a viral population can reach the next susceptible hosts. In the present study, two lineages of the rhesus rotavirus (RRV) strain of rotavirus A were serially passaged five times at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.1 or 0.001, and three phenotypes (infectious titer, cell binding ability, and specific growth rate) were used to evaluate the impact of a bottleneck effect on the RRV population. The specific growth rate values of lineages passaged under the stronger bottleneck (MOI of 0.001) were higher after five passages. The nucleotide diversity also increased, which indicated that the mutant swarms of the lineages under the stronger bottleneck effect were expanded through the serial passages. The random distribution of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions on rotavirus genome segments indicated that almost all mutations were selectively neutral. Simple simulations revealed that the presence of minor mutants could influence the specific growth rate of a population in a mutant frequency-dependent manner. These results indicate a stronger bottleneck effect can create more sequence spaces for minor sequences. IMPORTANCE In this study, we investigated a bottleneck effect on an RRV population that may drastically affect the viral population structure. RRV populations were serially passaged under two levels of a bottleneck effect, which exemplified human-to-human transmission. As a result, the genetic diversity and specific growth rate of RRV populations increased under the stronger bottleneck effect, which implied that a bottleneck created a new space in a population for minor mutants originally existing in a hidden layer, which includes minor mutations that cannot be distinguished from a sequencing error. The results of this study suggest that the genetic drift caused by a bottleneck in human-to-human transmission explains the random appearance of new genetic lineages causing viral outbreaks, which can be expected according to molecular epidemiology using next-generation sequencing in which the viral genetic diversity within a viral population is investigated.

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