scholarly journals Earthquake weather and other tentative correspondences

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura McLauchlan ◽  
Sarah Treadwell
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Helene Cixous ◽  
Stanford University ◽  
Contemporary Culture ◽  
French Studies ◽  
Writing Project ◽  
Weather Information ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Observable Event

The term ‘earthquake weather’ has had a fluctuating history being understood as both an observable event and a recurring fiction. The starting point for the term is usually associated with Aristotle who is said to have promoted the idea that winds trapped in underground caves caused earthquakes. Nineteenth century reports on the occurrence of earthquakes in Aotearoa New Zealand frequently link seismic activity with carefully detailed weather conditions. The nature of earthquake weather is variable with claims of calm expectancy, hot sultry weather or storms. Earthquake clouds currently have had some technical backing even as scientific reports largely deny associations between weather and earthquakes. The desire for such an association between the two events is of interest to this paper. Elizabeth Diller writing about the Blur project pointed out that, “Contemporary culture is addicted to weather information.  … Our cultural anxiety about the weather can be attributed to its unpredictability.”[1] While weather is easily imagined as affective atmosphere we seek to illuminate the obdurate material atmosphere associated with earthquakes in an attempt to navigate the indeterminate atmospheric divide between stability and movement. Peggy Kamuf, writing on approaches to the work of Hélène Cixous, models a potential attitude for such a material writing project which might be to acknowledge “A matter of some gravity: that which pulls towards the earth, the lowest level, below ground even, the weight and volume with which heavier substances displace air or water. We say a matter is grave to remind ourselves to ponder it, to weigh it carefully, to exercise acute ethical vigilance … If the matter is grave, then, by definition it should not be taken lightly.”[2] However, Kamuf suggests a further angle of approach, which holds as imperative that one’s subject not be crushed by the weight of approach but, rather, be permitted to “escape the force of our gravity.”[3] From such an angle, “The most responsible and serious approach advances carefully and slowly, but above all lightly - which may mean obliquely, or imperceptibly, or even not at all”.[4] Here, as Hiddleson argues, Cixous’ works, “participate in the genre of theory, but allow the object of their theorising to shift and mutate, in their enjoyment of poetic associations, parallels and allusions.”[5] Like Kamuf’s dilemma of the love note, in which one does not wish to crush one’s lover under the weight of one’s own desires, Victorian and Edwardian correspondents of earthquakes and usual weather offer, time and again, paths of escape. Unexpected weathers and seismic activities are delicately laid together, but with a marked silence about the nature of their relationship. In this paper we explore the relationship offered by the correspondants through a tentative poetics of atmosphere consisting of text and accompanying images.     [1] Elizabeth Diller, “Blur/Babble”, Anything, 2001, 132-139. [2] Peggy Kamuf, “To give Place: Semi-approaches to Hélène Cixous”, Yale French Studies, no. 87, 1995, 68. [3] Peggy Kamuf, Book of Addresses. California: Stanford University Press. 2005, 114). [4] Peggy Kamuf, Book of Addresses. California: Stanford University Press. 2005, 114). [5] Hiddleston, Jane. 2010. “In or out? The Dislocations of Helene Cixous” pp. 47-76. Poststructuralism and Postcoloniality: The Anxiety of Theory. (2010:51)

scholarly journals Evaluation of possibilities for the climatic distribution of regions from the point of view of road construction

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Juknevičiūtė-Žilinskienė ◽  
Alfredas Laurinavičius
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Frozen Ground ◽  
Weather Information ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
The World ◽  
Pavement Structure

Seeking to reduce a negative impact of unfavourable weather conditions on road traffic, many countries introduce modern technologies allowing to objectively assessing meteorological conditions of roads. The world over, data from the automated meteorological stations of Road Weather Information System have been long ago used on a significantly larger scale than only for the organization of road maintenance works. International experience of introducing Road Traffic Information Systems in European Union and other countries of the world shows that Road Weather Information Systems give good results for increasing road safety, improving the level of road user information and solving the road construction issues. Road Weather Information System is a system of technologies and decision-making using historical and real-time data of roads and weather conditions. The collected and processed multi-year data from meteorological stations is a great assistance in designing or reconstructing road pavement structures. Road pavement structure is highly affected by a negative air temperature and frozen ground. The impact of negative temperature is expressed by the thickness of frost blanket course. The thickness of frost blanket course depends on a frost susceptibility of soil. To determine the thickness of frost blanket course it is necessary to assess the frost impact, therefore it was up to the purpose − climatic distribution of regions the territory of Lithuania according to the distribution of frost impact and the depth of frozen ground. Based on climatic maps compiled, a correction of the thickness of road pavement structure was suggested.

scholarly journals A Geostatistical Investigation into the Effective Spatiotemporal Coverage of Road Weather Information Systems in Alberta, Canada

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Xu Wang ◽  
Lian Gu ◽  
Tae J. Kwon ◽  
Tony Z. Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
The Road ◽  
Weather Information ◽  
Geostatistical Approach ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Winter Road ◽  
Winter Road Maintenance

Inclement weather acutely affects road surface and driving conditions and can negatively impact traffic mobility and safety. Highway authorities have long been using road weather information systems (RWISs) to mitigate the risk of adverse weather on traffic. The data gathered, processed, and disseminated by such systems can improve both the safety of the traveling public as well as the effectiveness of winter road maintenance operations. As the road authorities continue to invest in expanding their existing RWIS networks, there is a growing need to determine the optimal deployment strategies for RWISs. To meet such demand, this study presents an innovative geostatistical approach to quantitatively analyze the spatiotemporal variations of the road weather and surface conditions. With help of constructed semivariograms, this study quantifies and examines both the spatial and temporal coverage of RWIS data. A case study of Alberta, which is one of the leaders in Canada in the use of RWISs, was conducted to indicate the reliability and applicability of the method proposed herein. The findings of this research offer insight for constructing a detailed spatiotemporal RWIS database to manage and deploy different types of RWISs, optimize winter road maintenance resources, and provide timely information on inclement road weather conditions for the traveling public.

scholarly journals Benefits of Aviation Weather Services: A Review of International Literature

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwabena Asomanin Anaman ◽  
Ruth Quaye ◽  
Bernice Owusu-Brown
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
International Literature ◽  
Weather Information ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
The World ◽  
Aviation Operations ◽  
Aviation Weather

This paper presents a summary of the international literature published on the benefits of aviation weather services. Aviation operations are highly sensitive to weather conditions. Information on weather conditions helps meteorologists, pilots, navigators, airline companies and businesses to ensure safe flights and save money by reducing some of the stringent requirements related to carrying extra fuel loads. The development of constantly updated flight plans with respect to available weather information regarding changing wind and general weather conditions can enable aircraft to use fuel more efficiently and navigate their planes in safer environments that avoid turbulence and make air flights comfortable to the travelling public. The summary literature presented in this paper illustrates the importance of the work of meteorologists in the production of relevant information and data that are accessible to pilots and navigators. The pooling of meteorological information, data and other resources by member countries of the World Meteorological Organisation represents a classic case of international cooperation that has ensured relatively safe and comfortable air flights across the world since the era of international air travel in the 20th Century speeding up the process of the more historically-recent globalisation.

scholarly journals Grundtvig som kontextuell teolog

1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-189
Author(s):  
Anders Holmberg
Keyword(s):  
Theological Method ◽  
Contextual Theology ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
Contemporary Culture ◽  
Folk Culture ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Christian Teaching ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The 19Th Century

Grundtvig as a Contextual TheologianBy Anders HolmbergA comparison between Swedish and Danish theology and church life makes it clear that Grundtvig has affected Denmark in a way that has no immediate parallel in Sweden. The point of departure for Holmberg’s study is the assumption that this is due to the unique concord between Grundtvig’s theology and the Danish society in the 19th century. This concord is illustrated by the inclusion of the concept of »contextual theology« which has played an importantrole in the Swedish theological scholarship of recent years, owing to the Anglo-Saxon influence on Swedish theology. The concept of contextual theology is explained on the basis of the American theologian Stephen B. Bevans’s discussion of the concept. With this approach Holmberg wants to throw light on Grundtvig’s theological method rather than his final result. Thus, the goal is to be able to answer the question whether Grundtvig’s theology can be described as a contextual theology. For this purpose, one of Grundtvig’s principal works, Den christelige B.rnel.rdom (Elemental Christian Teaching) is used.In his account of contextual theology Bevans distinguishes between five different methods, all of them serving to illuminate the relationship between Christian faith and the surrounding contemporary culture. The terms he uses for these methods are 1) the translation model, 2) the anthropological model, 3) the practise model, 4) the synthesis model, and 5) the transcendental model.Holmberg believes that elements of Grundtvig’s theology can be elucidated on the basis of all five methods, but concludes that especially the anthropological and the transcendental models harmonize with Grundtvig’s theology.The anthropological model assumes that the revelation of God takes place spontaneously in culture. It is not possible to distinguish between the Christian identity and culture since faith finds its true expression in man’s own language and culture. This is reminiscent of Grundtvig’s ideas about Christianity and folk culture, even though, with his emphasis on the Apostolic Creed as the foundation of Christianity, Grundtvig defines the identity of the Christian faith with greater precision than is the case with the anthropological model. Compared with that model, Grundtvig is also more firmly attached to the Christian tradition than to contemporary culture. The fact that Danish culture was completely saturated with Christian faith at the time of Grundtvig finds expression in his ideas about the interaction of Christianity and folk culture. This is in keeping with the anthropological model.The transcendental model operates with an individual believer as its starting- point, since it explains how this individual’s religious experience is expressed authentically through actual cultural conditions. In continuation of Svend Bjerg’s research, Holmberg maintains that Grundtvig’s theology is based precisely on the experiences of his own life, and that consequently his theology has since been able to lead to similar life experiences.On the background of his analyses Holmberg concludes that it is possible to regard Grundtvig as a contextual theologian. Continuing this line of thought, he points out that it is difficult in our time to make direct use of Grundtvig’s theological thinking in an attempt to formulate the Christian faith in a present-day Nordic context. It is, however, quite possible to learn from Grundtvig’s working method.

scholarly journals Deep Learning in Data Science

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S3) ◽  
pp. 638-642
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climate Prediction ◽  
Unstructured Data ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Weather Information ◽  
Weather Stations

Up until early 2000’s climate predictions were made mainly using statistical methods. This prediction wasn’t always entirely accurate. With the introduction of deep learning in climate prediction, the prediction accuracy has improved dramatically. The sensors in the weather stations give massive amount of unstructured data. Due to the humungous amounts of sensors and data from it, it’s almost impossible to compute all the necessary weather information in time. AI and deep learning help to overcome this problem using different models which can swiftly and accurately make this job simple. Accurate climate prediction is very important to predict is very important to predict any natural calamities or unexpected change in weather. This report highlights few of the deep learning models which can be used for climate prediction by scientists. This paper only takes scratches the surface of the capabilities of AI in climate change. More advancements in this field would lead to better simulations of the weather conditions which can then be useful to predict the extreme weather conditions accurately. Few of the authors have used unique models in their prediction of various temperature, rainfall, pollution levels etc. which have helped them to find the discrepancies in the climate if any

scholarly journals Classification of Level of Rice Pest Incidence Based on Weather Information

2021 ◽  
pp. 32-43
Author(s):  
V. Jinubala ◽  
P. Jeyakumar
Keyword(s):  
Gall Midge ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Decision Tree Classifier ◽  
Weather Information ◽  
Tree Classifier ◽  
Rice Pest

Aims: To classify the rice pest data based on the weather attributes using a machine learning approach, a decision tree classifier, and to validate the performance results with other existing techniques through comparison. Design: Rice pest classification using C5.0 algorithm Methodology: We collected rice pest data from the crop fields of various regions in the state of Maharashtra of India. The dataset contains the name of the region (Taluk), period (week), pest data, temperature, rainfall, and relative humidity. The data is collected from 39 taluks within four districts in different weeks of the year of 2013-2014. The weather information plays a vital role in this rice pest data analysis, because based on the weather, pest infestation varies in all the regions. The pests considered in this research are Yellow Stem borer, Gall midge, Leaf folder, and Planthopper. The collected dataset is given as input to the classifier, where 75% of data from the dataset is used for training, and 25% of data are used for testing the classifier. Results: The proposed C5.0 algorithm performed better in the classification of rice pest dataset based on weather attributes. The C5.0 algorithm achieved 88.99% accuracy, 78.81% sensitivity, and 89.11% specificity, which are higher in performance when compared with other techniques. Compared with the other different methods, the C5.0 algorithm achieved 1.3 to 8.5% improved accuracy, 2.4 to 9% improved sensitivity, and 0.8 to 7.8% improved specificity. Conclusion: Early detection of pest and pest based diseases is an essential process to avoid major crop losses. The proposed classification model is designed to classify the level of pest infestations based on weather attributes, as level of infestations caused by the rice pest varies based on weather conditions. The C5.0 algorithm classified the rice pest data based on the weather attributes in the dataset.

Snow Detection using In-Vehicle Video Camera with Texture-Based Image Features Utilizing K-Nearest Neighbor, Support Vector Machine, and Random Forest

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (8) ◽  
pp. 221-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Nasim Khan ◽  
Mohamed M. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Image Features ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
K Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Weather Information

Snowfall negatively affects pavement and visibility conditions, making it one of the major causes of motor vehicle crashes in winter weather. Therefore, providing drivers with real-time roadway weather information during adverse weather is crucial for safe driving. Although road weather stations can provide weather information, these stations are expensive and often do not represent real-time trajectory-level weather information. The main motivation of this study was to develop an affordable in-vehicle snow detection system which can provide trajectory-level weather information in real time. The system utilized SHRP2 Naturalistic Driving Study video data and was based on machine learning techniques. To train the snow detection models, two texture-based image features including gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) and local binary pattern (LBP), and three classification algorithms: support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbor (K-NN), and random forest (RF) were used. The analysis was done on an image dataset consisting of three weather conditions: clear, light snow, and heavy snow. While the highest overall prediction accuracy of the models based on the GLCM features was found to be around 86%, the models considering the LBP based features provided a much higher prediction accuracy of 96%. The snow detection system proposed in this study is cost effective, does not require a lot of technical support, and only needs a single video camera. With the advances in smartphone cameras, simple mobile apps with proper data connectivity can effectively be used to detect roadway weather conditions in real time with reasonable accuracy.

From the Phenomenology of Horror to the Phenomenology of Anxiety: Bibikhin, Heidegger and Overcoming of Correlationism

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 151-176
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Edmund Husserl ◽  
Being And Time ◽  
Contemporary Culture ◽  
Speculative Realism ◽  
Saturated Phenomenon ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Fundamental Phenomenon ◽  
The Subject

This paper is an attempt to construct a new phenomenology that will be able to bring us back to things themselves, as Edmund Husserl had promised to his students. Such a phenomenology seeks to reveal and describe phenomena and the conditions of givenness which presuppose a failure of the subject’s capacity for representation and therefore permits an apprehension of something that exists as radically external to the subject. Description of such phenomena paves the way to undermining correlationism from the inside, and a phenomenology of this kind therefore feeds into what is termed speculative realism. Thе paper takes as a starting point Dylan Trigg’s phenomenology of horror, although it lacks a conceptual analysis of horrifying phenomena, and brings Jean-Luc Marion’s concept of a saturated phenomenon to bear on the conceptual analysis of horrifying phenomena. In addition to a phenomenology of horror, the paper also argues for an escape from correlationism by analyzing the feeling of anxiety. By means of a critical analysis of Vladimir Bibikhin’s translation of Martin Heidegger’s Being and Time, the paper establishes a phenomenological distinction between anxiety and horror. The phenomenon of one’s own death is analyzed as a fundamental phenomenon of anxiety. The analysis of the phenomenon of one’s own death introduces the new concept of a perverse phenomenon, which complements Marion’s classification of all possible phenomena. The paper erects a conceptual scheme to describe feelings of horror and anxiety, further analysis of which will enable phenomenology to transition from the life of consciousness to reality-as-it-is. The paper’s concludes with an indication of the phenomena of contemporary culture that should become primary objects of a realistic phenomenology of horror and anxiety.

Monuments of the Heart : Living Tombs and Organic Memories in Contemporary Culture

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Damiani
Keyword(s):  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Basic Assumption ◽  
Deceased Donor ◽  
The Body ◽  
Contemporary Culture ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Organic Memories ◽  
Symbolic Practices

According to the basic assumption that monuments are the aesthetic mediators of memory—primarily the memory of the dead—the essay aims to discuss the imaginary of the body as a sepulchral monument. Taking as a starting point the legend of Artemisia of Caria, who celebrated the memory of her dead husband/brother Mausolus both by having the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus erected and by drinking Mausolus’ ashes so as to turn herself into his living sarcophagus, the analytic focus is on the replication of similar symbolic practices in contemporary culture, namely in the field of organ transplantation. The transplanted patient receives and preserves within his/her body the organ of the deceased donor, thus becoming, even if unintentionally, the donor’s memorial monument.

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