scholarly journals Sound and vision in the opening titles of Māori-language television news: A multimodal analysis of cultural hybridity

Te Kaharoa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atakohu Middleton
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Television News ◽  
Cultural Hybridity ◽  
Dominant Culture ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
American Journalism ◽  
News Bulletin ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
The 19Th Century

Māori are the indigenous people of Aotearoa New Zealand. British settlers arrived in the 19th century with their tradition of the newspaper, and this led to a thriving Māori-language press. Today, news in te reo Māori, the Māori language, is delivered by television, radio and the internet, harnessing the conventions of Anglo-American journalism to tell stories of indigenous preoccupations (Fox 2002). The cultural hybridity that results (Grixti 2011) is particularly marked in the opening titles of Māori-language news. The musical and visual tropes of news-show mythmaking that present the news as sites of power, truth and authority are married to representations of Māori identity and beliefs to speak to a necessarily bicultural audience (A. Middleton 2020). In this paper, a multimodal approach is employed (Bignell 2002; Machin 2010; van Leeuwen 2012), which uses frame-by-frame analysis of speech, scripts, images and music to reveal the semiosis or sign processes in play in the opening titles of the country’s top-rated English-language news bulletin, 1 News, and those of the two Māori-language television news bulletins, Te Karere and Te Kāea. Analysis reveals that 1 News titles employ the sign systems common to their counterparts across Anglophone countries in the way they promote themselves as credible, all-seeing authorities. While the titles of Māori-language news opening titles retain many of the same tropes and signposts in order to be understood as a news show, they also weave in cultural references deeply embedded in Māori language and culture to represent themselves as news by and for Māori rather than the dominant culture. 

The importance of language and culture to the growing Sino-Caribbean commercial relationship

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helene Zamor ◽  
Alicia D. Nicholls ◽  
Albert Christopher Lee
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Culture ◽  
English Language ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Lingua Franca ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Linguistic Understanding ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The 19Th Century

Language and culture play a critical role in international commercial relations. Since the 19th century, the English language has undeniably held the prominent position as the global lingua franca to facilitate communication between nations. However, China’s contemporary re-emergence as an economic superpower has expanded its global influence. Consequently, awareness of Chinese culture and language is becoming important not only globally, but also in the Caribbean, where China’s economic footprint has expanded considerably in recent years. This article conceptually explores the important role of language and culture within the growing Sino-Caribbean commercial relationship. Specifically, it discusses the potential impact of language on the trade and tourism sectors, which are two key industries that drive the economies of English-speaking Caribbean small island developing states. It does this by charting the development of the English and Chinese languages as dominant languages. It then briefly looks at the current level of Chinese engagement with the region in trade and, more contemporarily, the potential of greater Chinese tourism in the Caribbean. It discusses the value of deeper cultural and linguistic understanding in nurturing and expanding these relationships. Finally, the article concludes by providing meaningful recommendations on ways to mitigate cultural and linguistic barriers in order to promote deeper Sino-Caribbean trade and tourism.<br /><br />Key messages<br /><ul><li>Language and culture are two important factors in commercial relationships, especially trade and tourism.</li><br /><li>This article adds to the growing literature on budding Sino-Caribbean relations by exploring the importance of linguistic and cultural understanding to nurturing this relationship.</li><br /><li>It argues that Caribbean countries cannot take for granted that English will always be the lingua franca for Chinese-Caribbean relations given China’s expanding global footprint.</li><br /><li>The article makes recommendations on ways to mitigate linguistic and cultural barriers in order to deepen Sino-Caribbean commercial ties.</li></ul>

scholarly journals FOREIGN BORROWINGS IN THE FOCUS OF THE PROBLEM «LANGUAGE AND CULTURE»

2019 ◽  
pp. 118-124
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Klipatska
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
English Language ◽  
Paradigm Change ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Russian Literary ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Modern Russian

The article reveals foreign borrowings as a result of language contacts in the focus of the problem of “language and culture”. The extralinguistic reasons are analyzed, which had served to intensify the borrowing process in modern Russian-speaking society and caused changes in the type of communication that dominates in social practice and is defined by communicative paradigm. Change in communicative paradigm had entailed changes in the communicative core of the Russian lexicon, which are comparable to the “moment of explosion” regarding the “gradual” processes in the language. The communicative core of the lexicon is understood as the totality of the most frequent and communicatively significant lexical and phraseological units, which are used in all communicative spheres, denotatively significant for the speaking collective and reflecting the actual reality. The question of significant role of English borrowings in the modern Russian literary language is raised. Such influence of the English language is explained by its status as a language of international communication and a language of communication in the leading economic states. This fact explains that in recent decades, Anglo-American ethnolinguistic culture has been playing the role of a linguocultural donor for other ethnolinguistic cultures-acceptors, in particular for Russian culture. The article presents different points of view of linguists who raise the question about the quantity and quality of borrowed words, peculiarities of their development, relevance in speech, their relationship with original and previously borrowed vocabulary, etc. Summing up, we can say that borrowing lexical units, in particular English, is now represented by the universal sign of civilization, which consists in creation and development of a single information space.

scholarly journals Resettlement Experiences of Burmese Women from Refugee Backgrounds in Wellington, Aotearoa New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Una Kamri-McGurk
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
English Language ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Host Community ◽  
Feminist Methodology ◽  
Collaborative Process ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
The Individual

<p>The resettlement experiences of Burmese women from refugee backgrounds living in Wellington are the focus of this thesis. Increasing numbers of people are being resettled worldwide, so it is important to consider how that resettlement process is being experienced. Burmese refugees are the largest group to arrive in New Zealand (NZ) since 2000, yet remain relatively unknown. This research explores subjective aspects of resettlement, such as how women feel about life in NZ, the kinds of difficulties faced in their resettlement and what could help to improve their sense of well-being in everyday life. My intention is to facilitate a collaborative process with a group of ten Burmese women using a qualitative approach that positions former refugees as active participants in their own resettlement. It is guided by a feminist methodology, recognising the significance of women’s experiences and the value of their knowledge arising from this. Specifically, I use the photovoice method, whereby the women use photography to record significant aspects of their lives as a vehicle through which we then explore resettlement. The women’s community networks are shown to play a major role in adapting to life in NZ. These networks are a source of support and information and provide opportunities for maintaining language and culture. The women appreciate the opportunities presented by life in NZ, such as education and healthcare for their children, adult education classes and the chance to cultivate their gardens. However, there is a sense of opportunities lost through lack of English language and work opportunities. Where the relationships work well, volunteers and home tutors assist the women considerably with adapting to life in NZ. These relationships provide information and assistance, but also help to bridge the gap between former refugees and the host community. Other such initiatives that bring together different sectors of the community would allow the women to participate more fully in the wider host community and create greater awareness of the individual stories of refugee-background communities living in NZ.</p>

scholarly journals Resettlement Experiences of Burmese Women from Refugee Backgrounds in Wellington, Aotearoa New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Una Kamri-McGurk
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
English Language ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Host Community ◽  
Feminist Methodology ◽  
Collaborative Process ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
The Individual

<p>The resettlement experiences of Burmese women from refugee backgrounds living in Wellington are the focus of this thesis. Increasing numbers of people are being resettled worldwide, so it is important to consider how that resettlement process is being experienced. Burmese refugees are the largest group to arrive in New Zealand (NZ) since 2000, yet remain relatively unknown. This research explores subjective aspects of resettlement, such as how women feel about life in NZ, the kinds of difficulties faced in their resettlement and what could help to improve their sense of well-being in everyday life. My intention is to facilitate a collaborative process with a group of ten Burmese women using a qualitative approach that positions former refugees as active participants in their own resettlement. It is guided by a feminist methodology, recognising the significance of women’s experiences and the value of their knowledge arising from this. Specifically, I use the photovoice method, whereby the women use photography to record significant aspects of their lives as a vehicle through which we then explore resettlement. The women’s community networks are shown to play a major role in adapting to life in NZ. These networks are a source of support and information and provide opportunities for maintaining language and culture. The women appreciate the opportunities presented by life in NZ, such as education and healthcare for their children, adult education classes and the chance to cultivate their gardens. However, there is a sense of opportunities lost through lack of English language and work opportunities. Where the relationships work well, volunteers and home tutors assist the women considerably with adapting to life in NZ. These relationships provide information and assistance, but also help to bridge the gap between former refugees and the host community. Other such initiatives that bring together different sectors of the community would allow the women to participate more fully in the wider host community and create greater awareness of the individual stories of refugee-background communities living in NZ.</p>

scholarly journals Recultured language in Indonesian English Language Teaching

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-153
Author(s):  
Richard J. Stockton
Keyword(s):  
Coming Out ◽  
English Language ◽  
Political Correctness ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
English Language Teaching ◽  
Competence Model ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
Western Values ◽  
Anglo American

While historically language and culture had been seen as separable, since Whorfianism they have commonly been viewed as intertwined. Today however, opposing political ideologies surprisingly work together to dissociate English language in ELT in Indonesia from its cultural background. They are the influence of globalist critical theory/political correctness which seeks not to oppressively impose Westernization, and the rise of nationalism, with its traditionalist education reemphasizing religion and the nation and disidentifying with Western values, fearing them a threat to local ones. The trend can be seen in the 2013 curriculum with its character-based curriculum, Indonesian teaching practice, and use of locally produced materials. Assessment using Purnell’s cultural competence model of widely used locally produced textbooks, Scaffolding (2008), Bright (2014), and Bahasa Inggris (2014), shows English in Indonesian ELT being stripped of liberal Anglo-American Western culture and values and recultured with Indonesian. The varieties of Englishes coming out of the process, Indonesian English and Islamic English, are not threatening to local language and culture as some have feared English is. Recultured English seems to put ELT at the service of nationalism, something English teaching may be caught off guard by. TESOL may prepare by becoming aware of traditionalist approaches to education.

Conflicting Discourses

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Ciechanowski
Keyword(s):  
Social Studies ◽  
English Language ◽  
Literacy Practices ◽  
Language Learner ◽  
Discursive Practice ◽  
Bilingual Students ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Dominant Culture ◽  
School Text ◽  
Content Coverage

This article provides micro analysis of one representative incident from a larger qualitative study to examine how third-grade bilingual students and their teacher negotiated academic disciplinary and popular culture discourses in a social studies unit on Jamestown and Pocahontas. Informed by discourse and linguistic analyses, this study explores the competing dominant and nondominant discourses as they intersected and overlapped in the complex literacy practices in this classroom. Ms. Montclair’s instruction was shaped by the textbook’s approach to social studies and accountability pressures of testing and content coverage. Yet the students drew from everyday popular resources in their thinking, taking up nonacademic discourses to understand content. This research explores the following questions: (a) What are the predominant discourses evident in the official curricular text and teacher’s enactment of it? (b) What are the discourses evident in children’s everyday resources drawn on to make sense of the school text? (c) How do specific linguistic features make possible these discourses and perspectives? Findings demonstrate that students navigated across multiple discourses that were different but represented dominant culture. As discourses intersected in class, participants provided a level of critical analyses but did not deeply take up nondominant perspectives despite their own positioning from linguistically and culturally nondominant backgrounds. By showing the complexity of literate and discursive practice, this article contributes to understandings of how bilingual and English language learner students confront the demands of academic disciplinary language, draw on their own resources to make sense of content, and require explicit instruction on language and social justice.

Legal Principles, Constitutional Principles, and Judicial Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 899-930
Author(s):  
Han-Ru Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Judicial Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Legal Discourse ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Logical Connection ◽  
Select Group ◽  
The Law ◽  
Anglo American

Abstract Principles form part and parcel of our law and legal discourse, so much so that we seldom think of what they are and what they entail. For centuries they have been invoked daily to interpret and argue about the law. But when it comes to matters of constitutional law, principles are further called upon to perform a perennially controversial function: to help police the boundaries of state action. In most common law jurisdictions with a written constitution, this function of principles runs against the generally accepted view that the exercise of judicial review must ultimately be governed and restricted by the terms of the national constitution. This Article argues that the exercise of judicial review based on principles is not confined to that view, once the relationship between principles and the constitution is unpacked and recontextualized. While the English-language literature on principles over the past half-century has been dominated by a select group of Anglo-American scholars, there is a wealth of untapped insights from other parts of the world. One of the major contributions by continental legal theorists even predates the earliest modern Anglo-American writings on the subject by more than a decade. Overall, the law literature in common law and civil law systems reveals a significant degree of commonalities in the basic characters of principles despite the absence of initial evidence of transsystemic borrowings. The wider conceptual inquiry also displays a shift in the focus of the debate, from the protracted search for a clear-cut distinction between rules and principles towards a redefinition of principles’ relationship with “written” law, be it in the form of a civil code or a constitutional instrument. From this inquiry reemerge “unwritten” principles not deriving from codified or legislated law although they have been used to develop the law. Translated into the constitutional domain, these unwritten principles bear no logical connection with the terms of the constitution. Their main functions cover the entire spectrum from serving as interpretive aids to making law by filling gaps. The theoretical framework fits with an ongoing four-century-old narrative of the evolution of constitutional principles and judicial review across most common law-based systems. Constitutional principles are another area where Anglo-American law and legal discourse is less exceptional and more universal than what many assume. Throughout modern Western history, legal battles have been fought and ensuing developments have been made on the grounds of principles. Our law and jurisprudence remain based on them.

scholarly journals Variations in American marketing practices of early 19th-century ceramic importers and dealers, reflecting culture and identity

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-375
Author(s):  
Neil Ewins
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Advertising Strategy ◽  
Political Views ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
The 19Th Century

Purpose This paper explores the advertising strategy of crockery importers and dealers in relationship to their origins and backgrounds. This is a departure from earlier ceramic-history literature which tended to focus on the Staffordshire producers, with limited awareness on how the identity of importers and dealers influenced what products were sold, and their individual approaches to marketing. Design/methodology/approach Within a context of historical marketing research, this paper analyses newspaper advertising and commentary. It combines an examination of marketing practices with a wider consideration of the cultural identities of ceramic importers and dealers. The digitalization of historical records, combined with sophisticated search engines, makes it more feasible to examine a broader range of sources. Thus, modern research methods can enhance our understanding of production and demand and reveal how marketing strategy was diverse. Findings Awareness on how advertising was influenced by the backgrounds and socio-political views of importers and dealers demonstrates ways in which Anglo-American ceramic trade could be far more market-led. More significantly, marketing approaches were not necessarily responding to American demand, but rather that importers could engage in commissioning goods which reflected their own views on politics, religion or slavery. Originality/value Examining the advertising of importers demonstrates the complex relationship between production and ceramic demand. This paper opens up debates as to how far the advertising of other merchandise in the USA shows evidence of taking a more individual approach by the 19th century.

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