scholarly journals Public Finance Sectors Central and Eastern European Countries and in Developed Countries

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-48
Author(s):  
Renata Małkowska
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Social Spending ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The Public ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Eastern European Countries

This paper analyses the interdependencies between state debt and the volume of the public sector’s expenditure, focusing particularly on pro-social spending. These phenomena have been studied in relative values (versus GDP) and in absolute values (per capita). This served as the grounds for an attempt to identify general directions of the public finance policies followed by countries in the Central and Eastern Europe and in selected highly developed countries.

scholarly journals STRATEGY FOR MANAGING BANKING SYSTEMS IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE COUNTRIES UNDER GLOBALIZATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (27) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nenad Vunjak ◽  
Milan Radaković ◽  
Miloš Dragosavac
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Corporate Identity ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The World ◽  
Eastern European Countries

The financial crisis has adversely affected all the countries of the world in the conditions of globalization with different intensity, no matter if it is higher or lower level of development and different economic structures. In the context of globalization in the countries in transition, the banking system was reformed, thus creating a new financial market. The International Monetary Fund has taken an active part in the transition process of Eastern European countries by providing advice and approving financial arrangements. Developed countries of the world have implemented measures of non-standard monetary policy to overcome the global financial crisis. In some parts of Central and Eastern Europe, in addition to the general corporate identity (bank name, abbreviated name, trademark and slogan of the bank), the countries also applied qualitative features of the bank's corporate identity (image, reputation and goodwill). As they enter the 21st century, banks in developed countries are increasingly emphasizing the corporate culture and style of business of the bank. In the practice of banks, the following performances are most often present: financial, marketing, performance management, employee performance, business philosophy, reputation and the image of the bank. The banks' performance analysis included 13 Central and Eastern European countries divided into three groups. Performance over the period 2008-2018 is analyzed, related to: share of total assets in GDP, share of total loans in GDP, share of total deposit in GDP and level of capital adequacy of Central and Eastern European countries. The analysis shows that the central banks of the countries of Central Europe are dominant, and that in certain performances they are approached by the banks of the countries of Eastern Europe (members of the European Union and the Western Balkans).

scholarly journals Post-Pandemic Cooperation between China and Central and Eastern Europe

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Long Jing
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Cooperation Mechanism ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Eastern European Countries

The Covid-19 pandemic has given rise to an array of problems in cooperation between China and Central and Eastern European Countries. Some items on the cooperation agenda have been delayed and people-to-people exchanges have come to a halt. The pandemic, notwithstanding, is a testament to the value and resilience of the “[Formula: see text]” framework and has presented an opportunity for both sides to identify new areas for future collaboration. In a post-pandemic world, China and Central and Eastern European countries will not only have to address the shortfalls and drawbacks in the current cooperation mechanism, but also firmly work together to deal with new challenges arising from the pandemic.

scholarly journals The Case Series of 34 Patients with COVID-19 Diagnosed with HIV Infection from Central and Eastern European Countries – Euroguidelines in Central and Eastern Europe Network Group Data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Skrzat-Klapaczyńska ◽  
Kerstin Kase ◽  
Anna Vassilenko ◽  
Arjan Harxhi ◽  
Botond Lakatos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
European Countries ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Hiv Rna ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Eastern European Countries

Abstract Background: A novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was detected at the end of 2019 in China. There are many COVID-19 studies in progress however, little is known about the course of COVID-19 in people living with HIV (PLWH). The aim of our study was to describe epidemiology and clinical characteristics of PLWH diagnosed with COVID-19 reported form Central and Eastern European Countries.Methods: On-line survey was sent to Euroguidelines in Central and Eastern Europe (ECEE) Network Group. Analysis included all confirmed COVID-19 cases between March 11 and June 26 2020 among PLWH in 12 countries: Albania, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland , Romania, Russia, and Serbia.Results: In total 34 cases were reported. The mean age of those patients was 42.7 years (IQR=35.8-48.5) and most of the patients were male (70.6% vs 29.4%). The mean CD4+ T-cell count prior COVID-19 diagnosis was 558 cells/mm3 (IQR=312-719) and HIV RNA viral load (VL) was undetectable in 18 of 34 (53%) cases, the data about most recent HIV RNA VL was not available in three cases (8,8%). Comorbidities were observed in 19 (55.9%) patients, mostly cardiovascular disease (27,8%), and in 10 (29.4%) patients had coinfection, mostly chronic hepatitis C (87.5%). The clinical course of COVID-19 was asymptomatic in 4 (12%) cases, mild disease without hospitalization was reported in 11 (32%) cases. Stable patients with respiratory and/or systemic symptoms have been documented in 14 (41%) cases; 5 (15%) patients were clinically unstable with respiratory failure. Full recovery was reported in 31 (91%) cases, two patients died. In one case the data was not available.Conclusion: This study from 12 countries in Central and Eastern Europe region indicates no alarming signals of increased morbidity or mortality from COVID-19 among HIV-positive persons there is a need for further research.

The Contest for Central and Eastern Europe

2019 ◽  
pp. 108-128
Author(s):  
Mitchell A. Orenstein
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Democratic Politics ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Energy Politics ◽  
Eastern European Countries

While many thought that the eleven Central and Eastern European countries that exited communism and joined the European Union in the 2000s had made an irrevocable “civilizational choice,” Russia has sought to extend its influence into this unexpected new battleground. Though Russia has fewer tools of influence than in the lands in between, it has used energy politics, disinformation, support for extremist parties, business relations, and a variety of covert methods to cause Central and Eastern European governments and politicians to re-evaluate their allegiances. Central and Eastern European countries have experienced growing extremism, increasing polarization, and the rise of cynical power brokers who wish to accommodate Moscow, while also benefiting from EU ties and funds. Political leaders such as Viktor Orbán of Hungary have blazed this path, making gas and energy deals with Russia while undermining democratic politics at home and challenging the European Union from within.

scholarly journals Het beeld van Midden- en Oost-Europa in Nederlandse literaire non-fictie

Werkwinkel ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-22
Author(s):  
Jo Sterckx
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Reading Public ◽  
Literary Nonfiction ◽  
Strong Position ◽  
Dutch Literature ◽  
Eastern European Countries

Abstract Over the last 20 years, literary nonfiction has become increasingly popular among the Dutch reading public. Thanks to increasing sales, translations and literary awards the genre achieved a strong position in Dutch literature. This article analyzes the image of Central and Eastern European countries in Dutch literary nonfiction of the last ten years (2004-14). It searches for characteristics of an orientalist and balkanist discourse and the presence of the imagological centre-periphery model in the works of Geert Mak, Jelle Brandt Corstius, Olaf Koens, Joop Verstraten and Jan Brokken. Contemporary Dutch literary nonfiction contains a euro-orientalist discourse. Characteristics such as underdevelopment, hedonism, obscurity and authenticity are projected on Central and Eastern Europe, which is put in the periphery of Western Europe.

scholarly journals Institutional competitiveness of Central and Eastern European countries and the inflow of foreign direct investments

Catallaxy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
Magdalena Owczarczuk
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Recipient Country ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Eastern European Countries

Motivation: Central and Eastern European countries (CEE) in spite of a long period of European Union membership and integration with the developed economies of Western Europe are still on the path of convergence, i.e. pursuing the highly developed countries in terms of, among others, GDP per capita. Assuming that the FDI inflow carries numerous benefits for the economic growth of the recipient country, those economies still compete against one another for foreign capital. One of the factors that attracts FDI is high quality of institutional surrounding. Aim: assessment of institutional competitiveness of the selected CEE countries (Czech Republic, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Hungary) as well as verification of the relationship between institutional competitiveness and the FDI inflow to the analyzed economies. Materials and methods: The article reviews positions obtained by the selected CEE countries in the ranking of competitiveness published by Global Economic Forum (Global Competitiveness Report). The analysis and assessment of CEE countries competitiveness focused around the institutional quality assessment. Quantitatively, the connection was revealed between competitiveness ranking in the field of institutions and FDI inflow per capita and FDI as % of GDP to the economies under consideration. Results: the analysis of the global competitiveness index (GCI) allows to notice that among the CEE countries, Estonia is characterized with the highest institutional competitiveness. The detailed analysis indicated that low social capital quality decreases institutional competitiveness in case of all analyzed economies. The conducted quantitative analysis of the potential link between the GCI?Pillar 1. Institutions index and the inflow of foreign direct investments to CEE countries indicates the positive correlation of those variables. Higher index values (institution quality assessment) corresponds to the higher FDI per capita level and FDI calculated as GDP percentage.

scholarly journals Retail Evolution in Eastern European Countries: An Overview

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alma Pentescu ◽  
Cosmin Paștiu
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Purchasing Power ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Eastern European Countries

Retail has evolved a lot in the last years. Still, compared to more mature markets (such as US, UK, Germany, France, Sweden, the Netherlands), retail in Eastern European countries is less developed, with more balanced supply and demand. According to GfK’s report on European Retail in 2018, in 2017 there was a slight increase (+1.9 percent) in the purchasing power within the European Union (EU28) countries, Romania having the biggest increase (+7.8 percent) [1]. However, Romania’s low per capita purchasing power shows a gap in wealth levels across Europe. Huge differences between Western and Eastern Europe are visible also in terms of per capita values for retail space. Thus, the purpose of this descriptive research study is to analyze and compare how retail has evolved during recent years in Eastern European countries, with the help of several indicators. Data was collected from Eurostat and other industry reports. Results show that in EU28 countries the turnover in wholesale and retail trade has constantly grown (between 2011-2016), trend visible also in Bulgaria and North Macedonia. Per capita sales area increased too (between 2014-2017) in most Eastern European countries. This positive trend is visible also for retail turnover per m2 of sales area in all countries considered, although there are differences among them (with Bulgaria and Romania ranked the lowest and Cyprus and Greece the highest). Keywords: Retail, Eastern Europe, secondary data, indicators

Mental health services in Central and Eastern Europe: current state and continuing concerns

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedetto Saraceno ◽  
Shekhar Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Current State ◽  
Eastern European Countries

SummaryAims – This paper attempts to examine the current state of mental health services in Central and Eastern Europe. Methods – Selected review of available literature has been done with emphasis on information complied by World Health Organization (WHO). Results – The magnitude and burden of mental disorders is high in Europe, the mental health services are inadequate in most Central and Eastern European countries and human rights situation is unsatisfactory. However, there are some positive recent developments worth noting. These include increased attention to human rights, cooperation and collaboration at subregional level and emergence of family and consumer associations. Conclusions – A concerted and systematic attempt needs to be made to respond to the challenge of providing adequate and human rights-based mental health services in Central and Eastern European countries. The framework developed by WHO can assist the countries in their initiatives aimed at improving mental health systems.Declaration of Interest: none

scholarly journals Technical Efficiency of Banks in Central and Eastern Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Eva Horvatova
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Balkan Countries ◽  
Eastern European Countries

The purpose of this article is to examine what affected the technical efficiency of banks in Central and Eastern European countries during the financial crisis. Firstly, this article analyzes the technical efficiency of banks in the selected countries in Central and Eastern Europe during the period 2006–2013. In this article, the technical efficiency of Central and Eastern European banks is explored in respect to the size of the banks (large or small) and their belonging in a specific group of countries. The results of the analysis show a strong association between the numbers of efficient banks and belonging of banks in the group of V4 countries (Visegrad countries are the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia). The banks in Balkan countries have a negative association with the number of efficient banks in the group; the banks in this group of countries have the highest average efficiency (when the output was net interest margin). There is a weak association between the number of efficient banks and their belonging in the group of Baltic countries. The bank efficiency and the size of the bank’s assets are also weakly associated. Secondly, the results of panel regression models for the specific groups of countries (V4, Baltic, and Balkan countries), as well as for the whole group of Central and Eastern European countries show that the customer deposits had a positive impact on the technical efficiency of banks during the financial crisis.

scholarly journals WELFARE REFORMS IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE: A NEW TYPE OF WELFARE REGIME?

Ekonomika ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta Aidukaite
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Welfare Regimes ◽  
Social Policy Reform ◽  
Eastern European Countries

This paper discusses some recent socio-economic achievements and losses in Central and Eastern Europe from a comparative perspective. Yet, the paper examines whether the economic-social-political restructuring of Central and Eastern Europe and the ensuing social policy reform has brought new forms of welfare regimes into focus. The paper demonstrates that, despite an increase in poverty and inequalities in many Central and Easter European countries during the last 18 years, the social policy systems have not experienced a radical dismantlement throughout the entire region and still show more comprehensive solutions to social problems than residual ones. Furthermore, the Central and Eastern European region is very diverse regarding the scope and depth of social problems encountered, and some countries have implemented more successful policy solutions than other ones. Nevertheless, the experience of the communist regime, the relatively lower fiscal capacity of the states as well as the higher share of GDP produced in the shadow economy allow the Central and Eastern European countries to group into a distinct post-communist regime. The current global economic crisis, which is felt in the CEE region much more than in the rest of the globe, can reinforce the features of the post-communist welfare model: still quite comprehensive in its structures, but weak in its performance to ensure a decent standard of living for its citizens.

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