scholarly journals Ekonomiczne i finansowe przyczyny szarej strefy w Unii Europejskiej

Catallaxy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23
Author(s):  
Paulina Pukin
Keyword(s):  
Transparency International ◽  
Per Capita

Motywacja: Szara strefa jest problemem o zasięgu globalnym ze względu na powiązania gospodarcze oraz migracje ludności. Nieoficjalna gospodarka występuje w każdym państwie. Jej poziom oraz charakterystyka są uwarunkowane przez czynniki społeczno-kulturowe, ekonomiczne oraz polityczno-prawne. Cel: Celem artykułu jest wskazanie przyczyn powstania i opis rozwoju zjawiska szarej strefy w państwach Unii Europejskiej (UE). Materiały i metody: Wykorzystano krytyczną analizę literatury przedmiotu, zarówno polskojęzycznej, jak i zagranicznej oraz analizę statystyczną. Materiał empiryczny stanowią dane Banku Światowego, Międzynarodowego Funduszu Walutowego, Fundacji Heritage oraz organizacji Transparency International. Wyniki: W 2016 roku odnotowano silną zależność między poziomem szarej strefy a Indeksem Wolności Fiskalnej, Indeksem Percepcji Korupcji oraz PKB per capita. Zdecydowanie słabsza zależności wystąpiła między skalą nieoficjalnej gospodarki a stopą bezrobocia. Jednak nie można uznać, że nie jest to czynnik wpływający na podjęcie decyzji o uczestnictwie w szarej strefie.

scholarly journals Explaining Patterns of Corruption in the Russian Regions

2005 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 500-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phyllis Dininio ◽  
Robert Orttung
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Gross Regional Product ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Size Of Government ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
Transparency International ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Regional Product

Corruption is one of the key problems facing the Russian state as it seeks to evolve out of its socialist past. Naturally, regional patterns of corruption exist across a country as large and diverse as the Russian Federation. To explain these variations, the authors analyze 2002 data from Transparency International and the Information for Democracy Foundation that provide the first effort to measure differences in the incidence of corruption across forty Russian regions. They find that corruption in Russia is fueled by the size of government and by the level of development. Within each region, the amount of corruption increases as the number of bureaucrats grows and gross regional product per capita decreases. Russian policymakers can therefore work to reduce corruption by effectively reforming or scaling back bureaucracies and by encouraging economic development outside of the key centers of Moscow and St. Petersburg.

scholarly journals Geographies of African corruption

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barney Warf
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Bright Spot ◽  
African Continent ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Transparency International ◽  
The Media ◽  
Per Capita

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the uneven geographies of corruption on the African continent. Corruption is an entrenched part of African political culture. However, the degree and impacts of corruption vary widely across the continent, ranging from failed states such as Somalia to the region’s bright spot Botswana. This paper first defines corruption and discusses its causes and effects. It then delves into the specifics of African corruption, including its causes and effects such as patrimonial political cultures, clientelism and the role of natural resource exports. Design/methodology/approach The study uses data from Transparency International to assess African corruption empirically and geographically, and links its levels of severity using correlations to gross domestic product per capita, literacy, income inequality and freedom of the media. Findings The major findings are that while the vast majority of the continent’s one billion people live under very corrupt regimes, the impacts of corruption on economic growth are questionable. Few geographic studies of corruption exist. Originality/value The paper’s novelty stems in part from being the first to explore African corruption from a spatial perspective, illustrating its widely varying contexts and consequences.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF CORRUPTION EFFECT ON FOREIGN INVESTMENT FLOWS

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
Māris Sprinģis
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Transparency International ◽  
Assessment Period ◽  
Corruption Index ◽  
Development Data ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the present paper is to investigate the impact of corruption on foreign direct investment (FDI) flows. Using data from the International Monetary Fund, Transparency International and United Nations conference about commerce and development data bases a cross-section econometric model was estimated to evaluate in which way and how strong corruption influence FDI inflows. Econometric modelling covers the period from year 2000 to 2007 and the data about 82 world countries that constitute more than 500 records. The main conclusion of the paper is that corruption has a negative and significant impact on the foreign direct investment inflows. Thus, changes in the level of corruption in the country, which is reflected as a decrease (increase) of the corruption index by one solitary, on average, cause an increase (decrease) in FDI inflow by 96,064 dollars per capita. Moreover, every single point of the corruption index in the previous assessment period, on the average ensures 123,077 dollars inflow of FDI per capita.

scholarly journals Examinando o fenômeno da corrupção no mundo: Um olhar sobre os fatores que interferem na percepção da corrupção

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e32010918207
Author(s):  
Eliã Pereira de Oliveira ◽  
João Alberto Neves dos Santos ◽  
José Paulo Cosenza ◽  
Samantha Fernandes Milczaznowski Neves
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
World Bank ◽  
P Value ◽  
Transparency International ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Fraser Institute ◽  
Freedom House

O objetivo do artigo é identificar quais variáveis podem influenciar nos Índices de Percepção da Corrupção dos países, por meio de uma análise da atuação simultânea de variáveis relacionadas aos fatores social, político, jurídico e econômico. A metodologia da pesquisa compreende então a construção de um modelo de regressão linear múltipla, representativo da relação entre os Índices de Percepção da Corrupção dos países e conjunto de variáveis analisadas. Para a coleta de dados, informações disponibilizadas por vários sítios de internet internacionais (Transparency International, NationMaster database, World Bank, Fraser Institute of Economics, Freedom House and the United Nations) foram acessadas, a partir das quais criou-se um banco de dados para a realização da análise de regressão linear múltipla, seguindo os pressupostos desta técnica e, considerando uma modelagem com quatro hipóteses. Os resultados encontrados apontaram que, ao serem analisadas simultaneamente, as variáveis estaticamente significantes do modelo (p-value<=10) estão relacionadas aos fatores: i) político (Liberdade Civil e Direitos Políticos), ii) social (Educação e Renda Nacional Bruta Per Capita) e iii) jurídico (Imparcialidade do Júri e Integridade do Sistema Jurídico). Quanto as variáveis relacionadas ao fator econômico, não foram encontradas evidências estatísticas (p-value>0,10) de que as mesmas influenciem nos Índices de Percepção da Corrupção. A pesquisa aqui abordada auxilia os formuladores de políticas públicas dos países na concepção de políticas públicas que visem influenciar, de forma positiva, no Índice de Percepção da Corrupção destes.

scholarly journals Corrupción política, transparencia y movimientos ciudadanos: una aproximación comparativa entre China y Japón

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuria Ruiz Morillas
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Political Corruption ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Xi Jinping ◽  
Transparency International ◽  
Governance Indicators ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Corruption Index ◽  
Per Capita

La corrupción política es uno de los temas que más preocupan al gobierno de Xi Jinping y a la sociedad china en general. En este artículo se analizan los efectos perjudiciales de la corrupción sobre determinadas variables sociales, económicas e institucionales. En primer lugar, se presenta el estado actual de la corrupción política en China y se exploran algunos movimientos sociales surgidos como respuesta a este fenómeno. Como indicadores de corrupción se han utilizado el índice de percepción de la corrupción (elaborado por Transparencia Internacional) y el índice de control de la corrupción (uno de los seis indicadores de gobernabilidad desarrollados por el Banco Mundial). A continuación, se ha extendido el estudio a Japón por tratarse de un país de contexto político y económico distinto al de China. A partir de los datos obtenidos, se ha realizado una aproximación comparativa del estado de la corrupción entre los dos países y se han estudiado las correlaciones de los indicadores anteriores con el grado de libertad (publicado por la Casa de la Libertad) y con el producto interior bruto per cápita (publicado por el Banco Mundial) en los últimos años. Political corruption is one of the most important issues for the Xi Jinping´s government and Chinese society in general. This article analyses the harmful effects of corruption on certain social, economic and institutional variables. First, it presents the current state of political corruption in China and it explores some social movements that have emerged in response to this phenomenon. The corruption perceptions index (prepared by Transparency International) and the control of corruption index (one of the six governance indicators developed by the World Bank) have been used as indicators of corruption. The study was then extended to Japan as a country with a different political and economic context than China. Based on the data obtained, a comparative analysis of the state of corruption between the two countries was carried out. We have studied the correlations of the previous indicators with the degree of freedom (published by Freedom House) and with the Gross Domestic Product per capita (published by the World Bank) in recent years. 

Haemophilia Registry of the Medical Committee of the Swiss Haemophilia Society

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S16-S18 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Brand ◽  
N. von der Weid
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Mutation Analysis ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Global Survey ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

SummaryThe Swiss Haemophilia Registry of the Medical Committee of the Swiss Haemophilia Society was established in 2000. Primarily it bears epidemiological and basic clinical data (incidence, type and severity of the disease, age groups, centres, mortality). Two thirds of the questions of the WFH Global Survey can be answered, especially those concerning use of concentrates (global, per capita) and treatment modalities (on-demand versus prophylactic regimens). Moreover, the registry is an important tool for quality control of the haemophilia treatment centres.There are no informations about infectious diseases like hepatitis or HIV, due to non-anonymisation of the data. We plan to incorporate the results of the mutation analysis in the future.

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