scholarly journals Corrupción política, transparencia y movimientos ciudadanos: una aproximación comparativa entre China y Japón

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuria Ruiz Morillas
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Political Corruption ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Xi Jinping ◽  
Transparency International ◽  
Governance Indicators ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Corruption Index ◽  
Per Capita

La corrupción política es uno de los temas que más preocupan al gobierno de Xi Jinping y a la sociedad china en general. En este artículo se analizan los efectos perjudiciales de la corrupción sobre determinadas variables sociales, económicas e institucionales. En primer lugar, se presenta el estado actual de la corrupción política en China y se exploran algunos movimientos sociales surgidos como respuesta a este fenómeno. Como indicadores de corrupción se han utilizado el índice de percepción de la corrupción (elaborado por Transparencia Internacional) y el índice de control de la corrupción (uno de los seis indicadores de gobernabilidad desarrollados por el Banco Mundial). A continuación, se ha extendido el estudio a Japón por tratarse de un país de contexto político y económico distinto al de China. A partir de los datos obtenidos, se ha realizado una aproximación comparativa del estado de la corrupción entre los dos países y se han estudiado las correlaciones de los indicadores anteriores con el grado de libertad (publicado por la Casa de la Libertad) y con el producto interior bruto per cápita (publicado por el Banco Mundial) en los últimos años. Political corruption is one of the most important issues for the Xi Jinping´s government and Chinese society in general. This article analyses the harmful effects of corruption on certain social, economic and institutional variables. First, it presents the current state of political corruption in China and it explores some social movements that have emerged in response to this phenomenon. The corruption perceptions index (prepared by Transparency International) and the control of corruption index (one of the six governance indicators developed by the World Bank) have been used as indicators of corruption. The study was then extended to Japan as a country with a different political and economic context than China. Based on the data obtained, a comparative analysis of the state of corruption between the two countries was carried out. We have studied the correlations of the previous indicators with the degree of freedom (published by Freedom House) and with the Gross Domestic Product per capita (published by the World Bank) in recent years. 

scholarly journals Do Democratic Economies Grow Faster? The Case of Asia vs. the EU

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Samuel D. Barrows
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Economic Growth Rates ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The dynamics of the five fastest growing GDP per capita economies in Asia and the EU are studied between 2010 and 2014. This time frame was selected in order to avoid the height of the 2008-2009 financial crisis, but to include the stimulus and recovery periods which occurred afterward. The intent was not to compare the recoveries or the impact of the stimulus programs. The intent was to compare the economic growth rates of the two groups and also the absolute per capita income along with five topic areas on economies including: configuration, utilization, investments, demographics, and outcomes. A total of twenty measurements are used for assessment from the World Bank databank website. The findings are that the Asian economies grew faster while the EU economies had a higher per capita income. The workforces of the Asia economies are also younger and more flexible whereas the workforces of the EU economies are older, but more educated. Discussions include the links between effective governments and economic development and the links between democracy and economic levels.

scholarly journals The influence of health expenditures on household impoverishment in Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 797-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Crispim Boing ◽  
Andréa Dâmaso Bertoldi ◽  
Leila Garcia Posenato ◽  
Karen Glazer Peres
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Health Expenditures ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Financial Situation ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
The World ◽  
Bolsa Familia ◽  
Per Capita

OBJECTIVE To analyze the variation in the proportion of households living below the poverty line in Brazil and the factors associated with their impoverishment. METHODS Income and expenditure data from the Household Budget Survey, which was conducted in Brazil between 2002-2003 (n = 48,470 households) and 2008-2009 (n = 55,970 households) with a national sample, were analyzed. Two cutoff points were used to define poverty. The first cutoff is a per capita monthly income below R$100.00 in 2002-2003 and R$140.00 in 2008-2009, as recommended by the Bolsa Família Program. The second, which is proposed by the World Bank and is adjusted for purchasing power parity, defines poverty as per capita income below US$2.34 and US$3.54 per day in 2002-2003 and 2008-2009, respectively. Logistic regression was used to identify the sociodemographic factors associated with the impoverishment of households. RESULTS After subtracting health expenditures, there was an increase in households living below the poverty line in Brazil. Using the World Bank poverty line, the increase in 2002-2003 and 2008-2009 was 2.6 percentage points (6.8%) and 2.3 percentage points (11.6%), respectively. Using the Bolsa Família Program poverty line, the increase was 1.6 (11.9%) and 1.3 (17.3%) percentage points, respectively. Expenditure on prescription drugs primarily contributed to the increase in poor households. According to the World Bank poverty line, the factors associated with impoverishment include a worse-off financial situation, a household headed by an individual with low education, the presence of children, and the absence of older adults. Using the Bolsa Família Program poverty line, the factors associated with impoverishment include a worse-off financial situation and the presence of children. CONCLUSIONS Health expenditures play an important role in the impoverishment of segments of the Brazilian population, especially among the most disadvantaged.

The globalized state: Measuring and monitoring governance

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Buduru ◽  
Leslie A. Pal
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Transparency International ◽  
International Agencies ◽  
Governance Indicators ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Quality Of Governance ◽  
Powerful Mechanism ◽  
Freedom House

In the last 20 years, there has been an explosion of ‘governance indicators’ purporting to measure and track the quality of governance (especially public administration) among states. These indicators are sponsored by international agencies such as the World Bank, NGOs such as Transparency International and Freedom House, and private sector risk assessors. We argue that this web of standards marks a distinctive feature of globalized, if loose, coordination among states and an increase in monitoring and auditing functions. The article reviews the major governance indicators, their characteristics and limitations. We conclude that these indicators are a little noticed, but supremely powerful mechanism of discordant control and discipline on state systems around the world.

scholarly journals The predictive role f country-level ESG indicators

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-453
Author(s):  
Fanni Dudás ◽  
Helena Naffa
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Risk Premiums ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Governance Indicators ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
The Neural Networks ◽  
Predictive Role

Environmental, social and governance aspects, collectively known as ESG fac-tors, have gained significant importance in finance recently. This paper focuses on uncovering the importance of the predictive power of country-level ESG indica-tors in estimating risk premiums. We use the Worldwide Governance Indicators and the database of global ESG indicators provided by the World Bank, while we apply the neural networks methodology. A constant relationship between ESG factors and risk premiums would result in obvious implications for policymakers, as well as for investors. We seek empirical evidence to leverage ESG considera-tions in investment decisions and policymaking to ensure sustainable economic development.

scholarly journals Is there an empirical environmental Kuznets curve relationship between mismanaged plastic waste per capita and income per capita? A caveat

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuro Uehara ◽  
Mateo Cordier
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Income Level ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Scientific Validation

A study by Barnes (2019) concluded that there exists an empirical environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) relationship between mismanaged plastic waste per capita and income per capita. However, this result needs careful interpretation. The study adopted data that used the World Bank database to compute mismanaged plastic waste amounts. Because data to compute them were not available for all countries, missing data were estimated by relating them to economic classification (i.e., income level). In other words, the data used for the analysis by Barnes simply assumed—without scientific validation—that mismanaged plastic waste amounts are related to economic classification (i.e., income level).

scholarly journals Dependency and Underdevelopment: The Nepalese Context

1970 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 202-220
Author(s):  
Samira Luitel
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
World Bank Report ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Productive Land

The World Bank report (1991) mentioned that "Nepal is one of the world's poorest countries. It ranks 115th in per capita GNP out of 120 countries. With respect to life expectancy, it ranks 103rd out of 118 reporting countries. It is one of the constellations of countries characterized by rapid population increase, low or negative per capita GDP growth and a slow transition out of a subsistence agricultural economy. It exhibits many of the characteristics of similar sub-Saharan African economies, including a limited productive land base, a land-locked location, and a very low level of exports."   DOI: 10.3126/opsa.v11i0.3037 Occasional Papers in Sociology and Anthropology Vol.11 2009 202-220

scholarly journals Does the “Belt and Road Initiative” Promote the Economic Growth of Participating Countries?

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun ◽  
Zhang ◽  
Xu ◽  
Yang ◽  
Wang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Global Economic Growth ◽  
The Belt And Road

With the slowdown of global economic growth, how to stimulate economic growth has become a hot topic in recent years. The “Belt and Road (B&R) Initiative,” as a newly proposed global economic stimulus plan, has attracted widespread attention from scholars. In this study, the research used the propensity score matching difference in difference (PSM-DID) method to evaluate whether the “B&R” Initiative has promoted the economic growth of the countries along the route. Objectively assessing the effect of its implementation is not only important for its completion and improvement in the future but also to verify whether the “B&R” Initiative promotes economic growth in participating countries. A logistic regression is constructed using the statistical data obtained by the World Bank on 110 countries from 2011 to 2016. The results show that the “B&R” Initiative has effectively promoted the rapid growth of the GDP of participating countries but the improvement of per capita GDP growth is not significant. Through the analysis of the selected variables, corresponding policy recommendations are proposed. Moreover, objective proofs are provided to encourage all the countries in the world to participate in the “B&R” Initiative.

Combating corruption in Cambodia

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophal Ear
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Transparency International ◽  
Policy Context ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a critical analysis and survey of Cambodia’s recent efforts to combat corruption. It explores the policy context, perceived extent of corruption, causes of corruption, anti-corruption measures, evaluates those anti-corruption measures, and provides policy recommendations. Design/methodology/approach – This paper reviews the literature on corruption and anti-corruption efforts in Cambodia. It relies on available data from the World Bank and Transparency International, and compares these data over time. Findings – The paper shows that corruption in Cambodia is pervasive and that anti-corruption efforts are limited because of a lack of political will. Existing anti-corruption measures designed with loopholes must be amended, but implementation remains the primary challenge. Originality/value – This paper contributes to the limited literature on combating corruption in Cambodia.

scholarly journals A comparative analysis of development in Southeast European countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra JEDNAK ◽  
Dragana KRAGULJ ◽  
Milica BULAJIC
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
World Bank ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Government Finance ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Distance Method ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Method ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita

There are different kinds of indicators which measure levels of development. The use of varying methods could alter the ranking of a particular country. In this paper, Southeast European countries are ranked according to the World Bank, the UNDP and the I-distance method. The aim of the paper is to provide a comparison between the ranking results obtained with those methods for the period 2007–2012. The principal objective of the study is the ranking of SEE countries using the I-distance technique – a multivariate statistical method for ranking entities – and to discover whether this method gives a better ranking of countries than income per capita and the HDI. To answer this question, similar variables of economic development are used within the research methods. Due to the observed period, some government finance variables are also included. Despite certain limitations, such as lack of data for SEE countries, the results show that the ranks of countries are highly similar regardless of the method used. Nevertheless, there are some differences in the countries’ rankings in some years: there are small differences from year to year both in terms of HDI and GNI per capita. However, the I-distance method shows greater differences between countries.

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