scholarly journals Mirror data asymmetry in international trade by commodity group: the case of intra-Community trade

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 889-905
Author(s):  
Iwona Markowicz ◽  
Paweł Baran
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Data Aggregation ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Data Reliability ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Commodity Group ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Asymmetry

Research background: Transactions in international trade of goods are recorded in two sources, on the side of the seller's country and on the side of the buyer's country. The confrontation of such data makes it possible to measure their quality. An inconsistency between the data is called mirror data asymmetry. Purpose of the article: The aim of the paper is to adapt the methods developed by the Authors to study mirror data asymmetry to commodity group markets examination. The quality of data on trade within specific commodity groups (CN chapters) in intra-Community trade was compared. The data were aggregated by country. The indicators used allow for the indication of commodity groups with high mirror data compatibility and those with data asymmetry between intra-Community supplies (ICS) and acquisitions (ICA). Moreover, the commodity groups for which the value-based and quantity-based approaches give different results have been identified. Methods: Based on the literature on the subject and their own research, the Authors have developed a group of methods for studying the asymmetry of mirror data. The proposed indicator formulas are based on various data aggregation approaches. The research used data on intra-Community supplies and acquisitions of goods broken down into 97 chapters of the Combined Nomenclature (CN). Differences between the ICS and ICA in particular commodity groups were aggregated for all pairs of EU countries. The data comes from the Comext database, provided by Eurostat. Findings & value added: The results of the analysis are rankings of the Combined Nomenclature (CN) chapters by the quality of data on ICS and ICA. Lists of CN chapters have been created for discrepancies both in value and weight of goods. Thus, areas of necessary intensification of the work of public statistics services to improve data reliability were identified.

scholarly journals Intellectual Capital of a Trading Company: Comprehensive Analysis Based on Reporting

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 7095
Author(s):  
Oksana Pirogova ◽  
Olga Voronova ◽  
Tatyana Khnykina ◽  
Vladimir Plotnikov
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Trading Company ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation

The study is devoted to the analysis of the efficiency of use and the effectiveness of disclosing the intellectual capital (IC) of a trading company operating in the market of the Russian Federation. The subject of the research is an assessment of the quality of disclosure of information about the IC company involved in the creation of financial results of activities and the growth of the company’s value. The study examines the assessment of IC and the search for links between the involvement of IC in the formation of the financial result of a trading company and the degree of its reflection in the company’s annual reports. Methods of using intellectual value-added coefficients (VAIC) such as the trademark logo (written as ™), Calculated Intangible Value (CIV) and content analysis of the company’s annual reports are used to assess the IC and its elements. The influence of IC and its components, on the financial results of a trading company are also investigated and calculated using various methods. It is shown that there are no statistically significant relationships between the assessments of IC and its elements obtained using financial ratios, and those obtained using content analysis. This indicates that the opinions and assessments of the heads of a trading company regarding IC are formed regardless of the size of IC involved in the formation of economic results and testifies to the absence of an effective investment management policy in the studied company. Some of the results obtained confirm the trends in IC structures previously observed for companies in other industries. The results also indicate that the existing system for preparing annual reports does not sufficiently consider the size, dynamics and efficiency of using the intangible assets of a trading company. The results of this study are likely to be useful to management and academics.

scholarly journals The Development of Comics as Social Studies Learning Media in International Trade Materials for Class VIII SMP

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-203
Author(s):  
Putra Bernadus Banilo ◽  
Yulita Pujiharti
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Social Studies ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Student Response ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Mixed Methods Design ◽  
Class Viii ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Subject

This study aims to develop comics as a medium of learning with the subject matter of international trade for class VIII SMP. The approach used is research and development (R & D). This research method is mixed methods design. The subjects in this study were students of SMP 'Aisyiyah Muhammadiyah 3 Malang. Data collection techniques using questionnaires and observation. The comic developed refers to the stages of development by Thiagarajan (1974) namely the development of a modified 4D model according to research needs. The results of the study show that thelearning media is comic very feasible to be applied in social studies learning with the subject of international trade for class VIII SMP. Quantitatively, the assessment of the material expert is (3.27) with a very valid category. The expert assessment is based on the suitability of the curriculum, the truth of the content and the method of presenting the material is included in the very valid category), and the media expert's assessment obtained a score of (3.20) with a very valid category. The media expert's assessment is based on considerations of visual design, language in the media and the quality of graphics, the score (3.20) is in the very valid category. Meanwhile, the student response sheets that were distributed to measure the level of attractiveness ofmedia comics received a response of 84.5% with a very good category. However, the pilot phase in this study could not be carried out as a whole, this was caused by the constraints experienced by the researchers. The percentage level of attractiveness of the media obtained from the student response sheets shows that the learning media for comics is in a very good category, which means that the learning media for comics is effectively used in the subject matter of international trade for class VIII SMP. Qualitatively,media comics as learning media on the subject of international trade are able to attract students' attention to study, facilitate student learning, and assist students in relating international trade material to everyday events.

A Spatial Correlation Based Data Aggregation Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks

2013 ◽  
Vol 655-657 ◽  
pp. 655-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Chun Wang ◽  
Guo Yu Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Spatial Correlation ◽  
Data Aggregation ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Data Detection ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Energy Consumption Rate

Data aggregation is the important method to reduce data traffic and lower energy expenditure in wireless sensor networks (WSN). This paper analyzes the characteristics of data sampled by nodes, and gives the method to decide spatial correlation between neighboring nodes and the criteria to classify and decide data in WSN. On the basis of this, this paper proposes a spatial correlation based data aggregation algorithm for WSN, SCBD. SCBD classifies and decides data according to data criteria and spatial correlation among nodes in normal nodes and cluster heads at the same time, and then aggregates different types of data. The results show that SCBD outperforms RAA in terms of energy consumption, rate of data detection and quality of data aggregation.

scholarly journals Global COVID-19 Pandemic and Indebtedness of Municipalities with Extended Power in the Czech Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 01023
Author(s):  
Eva Lajtkepová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Legal Limit ◽  
Fiscal Rule ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Extended Power

Research background: In theory, indebtedness of municipalities is only ever associated with the acquisition of investments. It is advised that indebtedness should be regulated by the state, but there is a risk of limiting investment in local infrastructure. Purpose of the article: According to Act No. 23/2017 Coll., municipalities must regulate their own indebtedness and comply with the fiscal rule on pain of penalty. The aim of this text is to provide an analysis and examine the prospects of compliance with the fiscal rule in 205 municipalities with extended power. The analysis is carried out between 2017 and 2019, the risks of compliance in the following years mainly relate to the emerging economic crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Given the subject of the analysis, secondary data was used for the research. Data was taken from the Monitor database operated by the Ministry of Finance of the Czech Republic. The obtained data had been processed using standard statistical methods. Findings & Value added: To date, the indebtedness of municipalities with extended power is not excessive: the mean and median values are still well below the legal limit. Still, there are some municipalities where the legal limit has been exceeded, or whose indebtedness is nearing the limit. In the event of reduced tax revenue, which is to be expected in the coming years, these municipalities will struggle to comply with the fiscal rule. The consequences will include halting or limiting local investment, and/or reducing the quality of local public goods.

scholarly journals The Role of Students in the Governance of Public Higher Education: a Case Study of Malta

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Colin Borg
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Student Participation ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Public Higher Education ◽  
The Subject

Abstract Objective: The aim of this paper is to analyse the extent of student involvement in higher education governance by considering Malta as a case study. When analysing participation within institutions, two main players are involved: students and staff. Methodology: The author uses a hybrid of methodological tools to analyse the subject matter. A review of the existing literature is compounded with document analysis and the collection of unpublished institutional data. Findings: Student participation in the governance of higher education institutions (HEIs) is becoming a pressing reality. Students, who are the institutional clients, are a crucial key player in the manner in which HEIs are governed and managed. Therefore, HEIs have an interest in ensuring effective student participation. Various mechanisms are available and student participation is not always at an optimum level. Value Added: This paper analyse in detail two main mechanisms of student participation: elections and academic feedback. A qualitative analysis is provided in order to measure the extent of participation. Elections are an important tool to elect student representatives while study-unit and course feedback provide valuable information to improve teaching and learning. Recommendations: Further research is required in order to determine the quality of student participation in academic boards and committees. Therefore, the quantitative analysis is to be embraced with qualitative data. Furthermore, HEIs are to study ways in which they can create more participatory tools within their complex governing arrangements. The issue of involving more established student societies, which are not intrinsically part of the governing structures, is also essential.

Analysis of discrepancies in mirror data relating to the weight of goods in intra-EU trade statistics

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
Iwona Markowicz ◽  
Paweł Baran
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Data Quality ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Data Quality Indicators

In the research carried out to date by the authors of the article, the assessment of the quality of mirror data in the exchange of goods between European Union (EU) countries was based on the value of goods. A similar approach is applied by many researchers. The aim of the research discussed in the article is to assess the quality of data relating to intra-EU trade based on not only the value, but also on the quantity of goods. The analysis of discrepancies in data relating to trade between EU countries, with a particular emphasis on Poland, was based on selected research methods known from literature. Both the value-based and the quantitative approach constitute the authors' contribution to the development of research methodology. Data quality indicators were proposed and data pertaining to the weight of goods were used. Information on trade in goods between EU countries in 2017 obtained from Eurostat's Comext database was analysed. The research relating to the dynamics also covered the years 2005, 2008, 2011, and 2014. The results of the analysis demonstrated that the total share of export of goods from Poland to a given country within the EU is different for data expressed in value (value of goods) and in quantity (weight of goods). Therefore, both approaches should be applied in the study of the quality of mirror data.

Estimating the Economic Impact of Tourism in the European Union: Review and Computation

2021 ◽  
pp. 004728752110283
Author(s):  
Paolo Figini ◽  
Roberto Patuelli
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Tourism Demand ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Minimum Standard ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Total Contribution ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Economic Contribution ◽  
High Degree

The article investigates the economic contribution of tourism to the GDP. We review background methodologies, systematically collect data for EU countries, and develop a sound and ready-to-use procedure for computing indirect and total economic impacts. The routine is then applied to selected destinations for which a minimum standard in the quality of data from Tourism Satellite Accounts and Input–Output tables is met. Methodologically, the article provides a tool for estimating the total contribution of tourism to output, gross value added, and employment. Empirically, the comparison of results across EU economies shows a high degree of heterogeneity in the tourism share to GDP, which is critically discussed. Our procedure delivers a key tool to researchers, industry leaders, and policy makers willing to investigate income and employment consequences of scenarios differing in the evolution of tourism demand, something of high relevance in the COVID-19 era.

Introducing C-SPAN's Resources for Teaching

1987 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 3-3
Author(s):  
Stephen E. Frantzich
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Data Selection ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Negative Side ◽  
Traditional Course ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Written Sources

Integrating C-SPAN coverage into a traditional course provides some unique opportunities and burdens. On the opportunity side, the ability to see the subject matter relatively directly sparks interest, verifies class material and allows for some creative activities not possible using traditional resources. On the more negative side, the approaches outlined in this paper do not necessarily make teaching easier. Since faculty seldom have the opportunity to become C-SPAN “junkies” watching all the coverage, students will bring questions and examples to class which challenge the instructor more than the material stimulated by contact with traditional written sources. In evaluating many of the exercises, the instructor will have to rely on the student's interpretation and the quality of data selection and analysis. Grading will more often be based on how well the student makes his case, rather than the instructor knowing the contours of what the student should conclude ahead of time.

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